TASK 7: 20 FEB 2012
LANGUAGE ACQUISATION VS LANGUAGE LEARNING
Haynes
(2005) states that children acquire language through a subconscious process
during which they are unaware of grammatical rules. This is similar to the way
they acquire their first language. In order to acquire language, the learner
needs a source of natural communication. The emphasis is on the text of the
communication and not on the form. Young students who are in the process of
acquiring English get plenty of “on the job” practice. They readily acquire the
language to communicate with classmates.
However, language
learning, on the other hand, is not communicative. It is the result of
direct instruction in the rules of language. And it certainly is not an
age-appropriate activity for your young learners. In language learning,
students have conscious knowledge of the new language and can talk about that
knowledge. They can fill in the blanks on a grammar page. Research has shown,
however, that knowing grammar rules does not necessarily result in good
speaking or writing. A student who has memorized the rules of the language may
be able to succeed on a standardized test of English language but may not be
able to speak or write correctly.
Furthermore, Wilson
(2000) explains that language
acquisition is a subconscious process not unlike the way a child learns
language. Language acquirers are not consciously aware of the grammatical rules
of the language, but rather develop a "feel" for correctness.
"In non-technical language, acquisition is 'picking-up' a language."
Meanwhile, language
learning, on the other hand, refers to the "conscious knowledge of a
second language, knowing the rules, being aware of them, and being able to talk
about them." Thus language learning can be compared to learning about a
language.
REFERENCES
Haynes, Judie. 2005. Language
Acquisition VS Language Learning. Available on: http://www.everythingesl.net/inservices/language_acquisiti_vs_language_02033.php.
Accessed on 18th February 2012.
Wilson, Reid. 2000. Helping Language
Learners Learn Language. Available on: http://www.languageimpact.com/articles/rw/krashenbk.htm.
Accessed on 18th February 2012.
NAME : MUJI LESTARI
ReplyDeleteNIM : 09 25 0038
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION FOR CHILDREN
Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use wordsto communicate. The capacity to successfully use language requires one to pick up a range of tools including syntax, phonetics, and an extensivevocabulary. Language acquisition usually refers to first language acquisition, which studies infants' acquisition of their native language. This is distinguished from second language acquisition, which deals with the acquisition (in both children and adults) of additional languages.
Language acquisition, the process of learning a native or a second language. The acquisition of native languages is studied primarily by developmental psychologists and psycholinguists.
Example :
When children study the language aquistion, children usually learn the sound and vocabulary of their native language through imitation, grammar is seldom taught to them explicity that they nonetheless rapidly acquire the ability to speak grammatically. Although how children learn to speak is not perfectly understood, most explanations involve both the observation that children copy what they hear and the inference that human beings have a natural aptitude for understanding grammar.
According to this view, children are able to learn the "superficial" grammar of a particular language because all intelligible languages are founded on a "deep structure" of grammatical rules that are universal and that correspond to an innate capacity of the human brain.
Eg :
At first children may overgeneralize grammatical rules and say, runed (mean run) for the past form.
REFFERENCES
Wikipedia.2012.Language Aquisition.Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_acquisition. Accessed on 14 January 2012.
Chomsky, Noam. 1982. Some Concepts and Consequences of the Theory of Government and
Binding. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Chomsky,Noam.1982.Language Aquistion.Available on:
http://www.answers.com/topic/language-acquisition. Accessed on 2012.
http://www.answers.com/topic/language-acquisition
Enhancing the Language Development of Young Children
ReplyDeleteBy Sandra Crosser, Ph.D.
When we first brought our daughter home from the hospital I was inexperienced. Mother came to help and in her always wise and gentle way said, "Honey, you need to talk to that baby." What wonderful advice! Mother's counsel paid great dividends and I remembered it when our granddaughter was born. As the nurse measured and cleaned and dressed that brand new soul, I talked to her...and she paid attention. She was interested in this talking thing.
Kenzie is one year old now, and she is already an expert at communicating her wants and needs. She uses the tools she has-her eyes, arms and hands, legs, posture, intonation, volume, pitch, facial expressions, and half a dozen English words-to interact with the people in her world. By the time Kenzie is two and a half, she will have 600 words in her vocabulary and by age five or six she will know thousands of words (Gleitman & Landau, 1994).
When children are born they have the ability to differentiate any sound in any language system (Werker & Lalonde, 1988). By the end of the first year the unused sounds tend to drop out of the repertoire so that babbling tends to take on the sound of French or the sound of Russian or the sound of English. The babbling, however, ends up sounding like an English sentence even though meaning is missing (Boyson-Bardies, deHalle, Sagart, & Duranc, 1989).
Noam Chomsky believes that children are born with an inherited ability to learn any human language. He claims that certain linguistic structures which children use so accurately must be already imprinted on the child’s mind. Chomsky believes that every child has a ‘language acquisition device’ or LAD which encodes the major principles of a language and its grammatical structures into the child’s brain. Children have then only to learn new vocabulary and apply the syntactic structures from the LAD to form sentences. Chomsky points out that a child could not possibly learn a language through imitation alone because the language spoken around them is highly irregular – adult’s speech is often broken up and even sometimes ungrammatical. Chomsky’s theory applies to all languages as they all contain nouns, verbs, consonants and vowels and children appear to be ‘hard-wired’ to acquire the grammar. Every language is extremely complex, often with subtle distinctions which even native speakers are unaware of. However, all children, regardless of their intellectual ability, become fluent in their native language within five or six years.
All languages are composed of phonemes, the smallest units of sound-consonants and vowels. Phonemes combine to form the smallest meaningful units of language, or morphemes. The first word may be a noun. (Dada is easier to say than mama.) However, first words are more than labels for objects. First words are communicative like "Bye-bye" and "uh oh." Some single words are used to convey a whole sentence. These words are called holophrases, whole phrases which are full of meaning, because they are self-contained. "Up," for example, may mean "Pick me up now. I need to be held." The child's word for water or drink may be used as a holophrase meaning, "I am very thirsty and need a drink of water." However, communication is not always initiated by adults. Infants can initiate social communication. Adults can then take their cues from the infant's efforts by taking turns vocalizing, smiling, and cooing while maintaining eye contact.
References
Aitchison, Jean(1997). The Language Web. Avaiable on: http://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/chomsky/. Accssed on 13 February 2012
Chomsky. child language acquisition theory t. http://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/chomsky/. Accssed on 13 February 2012
Crosser, Sandra. Avaiable on:
Enhancing the Language Development of Young Children. Avaiable on: http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_home.aspx?ArticleID=119. Accssed on 13 February 2012
Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words to communicate.
ReplyDeleteNoam Chomsky believes that children are born with an inherited ability to learn any human language. He claims that certain linguistic structures which children use so accurately must be already imprinted on the child’s mind. Chomsky believes that every child has a ‘language acquisition device’ or LAD which encodes the major principles of a language and its grammatical structures into the child’s brain. Children have then only to learn new vocabulary and apply the syntactic structures from the LAD to form sentences. Chomsky points out that a child could not possibly learn a language through imitation alone because the language spoken around them is highly irregular – adult’s speech is often broken up and even sometimes ungrammatical. Chomsky’s theory applies to all languages as they all contain nouns, verbs, consonants and vowels and children appear to be ‘hard-wired’ to acquire the grammar. Every language is extremely complex, often with subtle distinctions which even native speakers are unaware of. However, all children, regardless of their intellectual ability, become fluent in their native language within five or six years.
Evidence to support Chomsky’s theory
• Children learning to speak never make grammatical errors such as getting their subjects, verbs and objects in the wrong order.
• If an adult deliberately said a grammatically incorrect sentence, the child would notice.
• Children often say things that are ungrammatical such as ‘mama ball’, which they cannot have learnt passively.
• Mistakes such as ‘I drawed’ instead of ‘I drew’ show they are not learning through imitation alone.
• Chomsky used the sentence ‘colourless green ideas sleep furiously’, which is grammatical although it doesn’t make sense, to prove his theory: he said it shows that sentences can be grammatical without having any meaning, that we can tell the difference between a grammatical and an ungrammatical sentence without ever having heard the sentence before, and that we can produce and understand brand new sentences that no one has ever said before.
References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_acquisition
http://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/chomsky/
Nim : 09250049
ReplyDeleteLANGUAGE ACQUISITION FOR THE CHILDREN
language acquisition, the process of learning a native or a second language. The acquisition of native languages is studied primarily by developmental psychologists and psycholinguists. Although how children learn to speak is not perfectly understood, most explanations involve both the observation that children copy what they hear and the inference that human beings have a natural aptitude for understanding grammar. While children usually learn the sounds and vocabulary of their native language through imitation, grammar is seldom taught to them explicitly; that they nonetheless rapidly acquire the ability to speak grammatically supports the theory advanced by Noam Chomsky and other proponents of transformational grammar. According to this view, children are able to learn the "superficial" grammar of a particular language because all intelligible languages are founded on a "deep structure" of grammatical rules that are universal and that correspond to an innate capacity of the human brain. Stages in the acquisition of a native language can be measured by the increasing complexity and originality of a child's utterances. Children at first may overgeneralize grammatical rules and say.
The acquisition of second or foreign languages is studied primarily by applied linguists. People learning a second language pass through some of the same stages, including overgeneralization, as do children learning their native language. However, people rarely become as fluent in a second language as in their native tongue. Some linguists see the earliest years of childhood as a critical period, after which the brain loses much of its facility for assimilating new languages. Most traditional methods for learning a second language involve some systematic approach to the analysis and comprehension of grammar as well as to the memorization of vocabulary. The cognitive approach, increasingly favored by experts in language acquisition, emphasizes extemporaneous conversation, immersion, and other techniques intended to simulate the environment in which most people acquire their native language as children.
for example, goed (meaning went), a form they are unlikely to have heard, suggesting that they have intuited or deduced complex grammatical rules (here, how to conjugate regular verbs) and failed only to learn exceptions that cannot be predicted from a knowledge of the grammar alone
REFERENCE
-http://www.answers.com/topic/language-acquisition#ixzz1mK2YF637
-See J. C. Richards, Error Analysis: Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition (1974); R. Andersen, ed., New Dimensions in Second Language Acquisition Research (1981); D. W. Carroll, Psychology of Language (1986); A. Radford, Syntactic Theory and the Acquisition of English Syntax (1990
-http://www.answers.com/topic/language-acquisition#ixzz1mK2fRomQ
Nim : 09250049
ReplyDeleteLANGUAGE ACQUISITION FOR THE CHILDREN
language acquisition, the process of learning a native or a second language. The acquisition of native languages is studied primarily by developmental psychologists and psycholinguists. Although how children learn to speak is not perfectly understood, most explanations involve both the observation that children copy what they hear and the inference that human beings have a natural aptitude for understanding grammar. While children usually learn the sounds and vocabulary of their native language through imitation, grammar is seldom taught to them explicitly; that they nonetheless rapidly acquire the ability to speak grammatically supports the theory advanced by Noam Chomsky and other proponents of transformational grammar. According to this view, children are able to learn the "superficial" grammar of a particular language because all intelligible languages are founded on a "deep structure" of grammatical rules that are universal and that correspond to an innate capacity of the human brain. Stages in the acquisition of a native language can be measured by the increasing complexity and originality of a child's utterances. Children at first may overgeneralize grammatical rules and say.
The acquisition of second or foreign languages is studied primarily by applied linguists. People learning a second language pass through some of the same stages, including overgeneralization, as do children learning their native language. However, people rarely become as fluent in a second language as in their native tongue. Some linguists see the earliest years of childhood as a critical period, after which the brain loses much of its facility for assimilating new languages. Most traditional methods for learning a second language involve some systematic approach to the analysis and comprehension of grammar as well as to the memorization of vocabulary. The cognitive approach, increasingly favored by experts in language acquisition, emphasizes extemporaneous conversation, immersion, and other techniques intended to simulate the environment in which most people acquire their native language as children.
for example, goed (meaning went), a form they are unlikely to have heard, suggesting that they have intuited or deduced complex grammatical rules (here, how to conjugate regular verbs) and failed only to learn exceptions that cannot be predicted from a knowledge of the grammar alone
REFERENCE
-http://www.answers.com/topic/language-acquisition#ixzz1mK2YF637
-See J. C. Richards, Error Analysis: Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition (1974); R. Andersen, ed., New Dimensions in Second Language Acquisition Research (1981); D. W. Carroll, Psychology of Language (1986); A. Radford, Syntactic Theory and the Acquisition of English Syntax (1990
-http://www.answers.com/topic/language-acquisition#ixzz1mK2fRomQ
Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words to communicate. The capacity to successfully use language requires one to pick up a range of tools including syntax, phonetics, and an extensive vocabulary.
ReplyDeleteNoam Chomsky (2012) believes that children are born with an inherited ability to learn any human language. He claims that certain linguistic structures which children use so accurately must be already imprinted on the child’s mind.
Examples of language learning, processing, and creation represent just a few of the many developments between birth and linguistic maturity. During this period, children discover the raw materials in the sounds of their language, learn how they are assembled into longer strings, and map these combinations onto meaning. These processes unfold simultaneously, requiring children to integrate their capacities as they learn, to crack the code of communication that surrounds them. Despite layers of complexity, each currently beyond the reach of modern computers, young children readily solve the linguistic puzzles facing them, even surpassing their input when it lacks the expected structure.
Ex : Children learning to speak never make grammatical errors such as getting their subjects, verbs and objects in the wrong order.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_acquisition
http://www.pnas.org/content/98/23/12874.full
http://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/chomsky/
http://sitemaker.umich.edu/nicolesling/home
Answer.com (2012)
ReplyDeleteLanguage acquisition, the process of learning a native or a second language. According to Chomsky, children are able to learn the "superficial" grammar of a particular language because all intelligible languages are founded on a "deep structure" of grammatical rules that are universal and that correspond to an innate capacity of the human brain. Stages in the acquisition of a native language can be measured by the increasing complexity and originality of a child's utterances. The acquisition of second or foreign languages is studied primarily by applied linguists. People learning a second language pass through some of the same stages, including overgeneralization, as do children learning their native language.The language acquisition for children can be got in 2 ways, formal (conscious) and informal way (unconscious).
For example : In informal way they can get from family, from their friens, brother or sister. They only imitate what they heard. They heard the word “ minum” from their brother/sister, they will apply it by saying “num”. In formal way, they can get from school.
References :
See J. C. Richards. 1974. Error Analysis: Perspec2012tives on Second Language Acquisition. Available on: http://www.answers.com/topic/language-acquisition. Accessed on February, 14th 2012
D. W. Carroll and A. Radford. 1986 & 1990. Psychology of Language Syntactic Theory and the Acquisition of English Syntax. Available on: http://www.answers.com/topic/language-acquisition. Accessed on February, 14th 2012
Wikipedia (2012), Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words to communicate. The capacity to successfully use language requires one to pick up a range of tools including syntax, phonetics, and an extensive vocabulary. This language might be vocalized as with speech or manual as insign. Language acquisition usually refers to first language acquisition, which studies infants' acquisition of their native language. This is distinguished from second language acquisition, which deals with the acquisition (in both children and adults) of additional languages.
ReplyDeletee.g : children say "et",it's mean "es"
reference :
Wikipedia (2012), Language acquisition, available on:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_acquisition. accessed on february,14th 2012
Answer.com (2012)
ReplyDeleteLanguage acquisition, the process of learning a native or a second language. According to Chomsky, children are able to learn the "superficial" grammar of a particular language because all intelligible languages are founded on a "deep structure" of grammatical rules that are universal and that correspond to an innate capacity of the human brain. Stages in the acquisition of a native language can be measured by the increasing complexity and originality of a child's utterances. The acquisition of second or foreign languages is studied primarily by applied linguists. People learning a second language pass through some of the same stages, including overgeneralization, as do children learning their native language.The language acquisition for children can be got in 2 ways, formal (conscious) and informal way (unconscious).
For example : In informal way they can get from family, from their friens, brother or sister. They only imitate what they heard. They heard the word “ minum” from their brother/sister, they will apply it by saying “num”. In formal way, they can get from school.
References :
See J. C. Richards. 1974. Error Analysis: Perspec2012tives on Second Language Acquisition. Available on: http://www.answers.com/topic/language-acquisition. Accessed on February, 14th 2012
D. W. Carroll and A. Radford. 1986 & 1990. Psychology of Language Syntactic Theory and the Acquisition of English Syntax. Available on: http://www.answers.com/topic/language-acquisition. Accessed on February, 14th 2012
Answer.com (2012)
ReplyDeleteLanguage acquisition, the process of learning a native or a second language. According to Chomsky, children are able to learn the "superficial" grammar of a particular language because all intelligible languages are founded on a "deep structure" of grammatical rules that are universal and that correspond to an innate capacity of the human brain. Stages in the acquisition of a native language can be measured by the increasing complexity and originality of a child's utterances. The acquisition of second or foreign languages is studied primarily by applied linguists. People learning a second language pass through some of the same stages, including overgeneralization, as do children learning their native language.The language acquisition for children can be got in 2 ways, formal (conscious) and informal way (unconscious).
For example : In informal way they can get from family, from their friens, brother or sister. They only imitate what they heard. They heard the word “ minum” from their brother/sister, they will apply it by saying “num”. In formal way, they can get from school.
References :
See J. C. Richards. 1974. Error Analysis: Perspec2012tives on Second Language Acquisition. Available on: http://www.answers.com/topic/language-acquisition. Accessed on February, 14th 2012
D. W. Carroll and A. Radford. 1986 & 1990. Psychology of Language Syntactic Theory and the Acquisition of English Syntax. Available on: http://www.answers.com/topic/language-acquisition. Accessed on February, 14th 2012
Enhancing the Language Development of Young Children
ReplyDeleteBy Sandra Crosser, Ph.D.
When we first brought our daughter home from the hospital I was inexperienced. Mother came to help and in her always wise and gentle way said, "Honey, you need to talk to that baby." What wonderful advice! Mother's counsel paid great dividends and I remembered it when our granddaughter was born. As the nurse measured and cleaned and dressed that brand new soul, I talked to her...and she paid attention. She was interested in this talking thing.
Kenzie is one year old now, and she is already an expert at communicating her wants and needs. She uses the tools she has-her eyes, arms and hands, legs, posture, intonation, volume, pitch, facial expressions, and half a dozen English words-to interact with the people in her world. By the time Kenzie is two and a half, she will have 600 words in her vocabulary and by age five or six she will know thousands of words (Gleitman & Landau, 1994).
When children are born they have the ability to differentiate any sound in any language system (Werker & Lalonde, 1988). By the end of the first year the unused sounds tend to drop out of the repertoire so that babbling tends to take on the sound of French or the sound of Russian or the sound of English. The babbling, however, ends up sounding like an English sentence even though meaning is missing (Boyson-Bardies, deHalle, Sagart, & Duranc, 1989).
Noam Chomsky believes that children are born with an inherited ability to learn any human language. He claims that certain linguistic structures which children use so accurately must be already imprinted on the child’s mind. Chomsky believes that every child has a ‘language acquisition device’ or LAD which encodes the major principles of a language and its grammatical structures into the child’s brain. Children have then only to learn new vocabulary and apply the syntactic structures from the LAD to form sentences. Chomsky points out that a child could not possibly learn a language through imitation alone because the language spoken around them is highly irregular – adult’s speech is often broken up and even sometimes ungrammatical. Chomsky’s theory applies to all languages as they all contain nouns, verbs, consonants and vowels and children appear to be ‘hard-wired’ to acquire the grammar. Every language is extremely complex, often with subtle distinctions which even native speakers are unaware of. However, all children, regardless of their intellectual ability, become fluent in their native language within five or six years.
All languages are composed of phonemes, the smallest units of sound-consonants and vowels. Phonemes combine to form the smallest meaningful units of language, or morphemes. The first word may be a noun. (Dada is easier to say than mama.) However, first words are more than labels for objects. First words are communicative like "Bye-bye" and "uh oh." Some single words are used to convey a whole sentence. These words are called holophrases, whole phrases which are full of meaning, because they are self-contained. "Up," for example, may mean "Pick me up now. I need to be held." The child's word for water or drink may be used as a holophrase meaning, "I am very thirsty and need a drink of water." However, communication is not always initiated by adults. Infants can initiate social communication. Adults can then take their cues from the infant's efforts by taking turns vocalizing, smiling, and cooing while maintaining eye contact.
References
Aitchison, Jean(1997). The Language Web. Avaiable on: http://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/chomsky/. Accssed on 13 February 2012
Chomsky. child language acquisition theory t. http://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/chomsky/. Accssed on 13 February 2012
Crosser, Sandra. Avaiable on:
Enhancing the Language Development of Young Children. Avaiable on: http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_home.aspx?ArticleID=119. Accssed on 13 February 2012
Enhancing the Language Development of Young Children
ReplyDeleteBy Sandra Crosser, Ph.D.
When we first brought our daughter home from the hospital I was inexperienced. Mother came to help and in her always wise and gentle way said, "Honey, you need to talk to that baby." What wonderful advice! Mother's counsel paid great dividends and I remembered it when our granddaughter was born. As the nurse measured and cleaned and dressed that brand new soul, I talked to her...and she paid attention. She was interested in this talking thing.
Kenzie is one year old now, and she is already an expert at communicating her wants and needs. She uses the tools she has-her eyes, arms and hands, legs, posture, intonation, volume, pitch, facial expressions, and half a dozen English words-to interact with the people in her world. By the time Kenzie is two and a half, she will have 600 words in her vocabulary and by age five or six she will know thousands of words (Gleitman & Landau, 1994).
When children are born they have the ability to differentiate any sound in any language system (Werker & Lalonde, 1988). By the end of the first year the unused sounds tend to drop out of the repertoire so that babbling tends to take on the sound of French or the sound of Russian or the sound of English. The babbling, however, ends up sounding like an English sentence even though meaning is missing (Boyson-Bardies, deHalle, Sagart, & Duranc, 1989).
Noam Chomsky believes that children are born with an inherited ability to learn any human language. He claims that certain linguistic structures which children use so accurately must be already imprinted on the child’s mind. Chomsky believes that every child has a ‘language acquisition device’ or LAD which encodes the major principles of a language and its grammatical structures into the child’s brain. Children have then only to learn new vocabulary and apply the syntactic structures from the LAD to form sentences. Chomsky points out that a child could not possibly learn a language through imitation alone because the language spoken around them is highly irregular – adult’s speech is often broken up and even sometimes ungrammatical. Chomsky’s theory applies to all languages as they all contain nouns, verbs, consonants and vowels and children appear to be ‘hard-wired’ to acquire the grammar. Every language is extremely complex, often with subtle distinctions which even native speakers are unaware of. However, all children, regardless of their intellectual ability, become fluent in their native language within five or six years.
All languages are composed of phonemes, the smallest units of sound-consonants and vowels. Phonemes combine to form the smallest meaningful units of language, or morphemes. The first word may be a noun. (Dada is easier to say than mama.) However, first words are more than labels for objects. First words are communicative like "Bye-bye" and "uh oh." Some single words are used to convey a whole sentence. These words are called holophrases, whole phrases which are full of meaning, because they are self-contained. "Up," for example, may mean "Pick me up now. I need to be held." The child's word for water or drink may be used as a holophrase meaning, "I am very thirsty and need a drink of water." However, communication is not always initiated by adults. Infants can initiate social communication. Adults can then take their cues from the infant's efforts by taking turns vocalizing, smiling, and cooing while maintaining eye contact.
References
Aitchison, Jean(1997). The Language Web. Avaiable on: http://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/chomsky/. Accssed on 13 February 2012
Chomsky. child language acquisition theory t. http://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/chomsky/. Accssed on 13 February 2012
Crosser, Sandra. Avaiable on:
Enhancing the Language Development of Young Children. Avaiable on: http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_home.aspx?ArticleID=119. Accssed on 13 February 2012
Enhancing the Language Development of Young Children
ReplyDeleteBy Sandra Crosser, Ph.D.
When we first brought our daughter home from the hospital I was inexperienced. Mother came to help and in her always wise and gentle way said, "Honey, you need to talk to that baby." What wonderful advice! Mother's counsel paid great dividends and I remembered it when our granddaughter was born. As the nurse measured and cleaned and dressed that brand new soul, I talked to her...and she paid attention. She was interested in this talking thing.
Kenzie is one year old now, and she is already an expert at communicating her wants and needs. She uses the tools she has-her eyes, arms and hands, legs, posture, intonation, volume, pitch, facial expressions, and half a dozen English words-to interact with the people in her world. By the time Kenzie is two and a half, she will have 600 words in her vocabulary and by age five or six she will know thousands of words (Gleitman & Landau, 1994).
When children are born they have the ability to differentiate any sound in any language system (Werker & Lalonde, 1988). By the end of the first year the unused sounds tend to drop out of the repertoire so that babbling tends to take on the sound of French or the sound of Russian or the sound of English. The babbling, however, ends up sounding like an English sentence even though meaning is missing (Boyson-Bardies, deHalle, Sagart, & Duranc, 1989).
Noam Chomsky believes that children are born with an inherited ability to learn any human language. He claims that certain linguistic structures which children use so accurately must be already imprinted on the child’s mind. Chomsky believes that every child has a ‘language acquisition device’ or LAD which encodes the major principles of a language and its grammatical structures into the child’s brain. Children have then only to learn new vocabulary and apply the syntactic structures from the LAD to form sentences. Chomsky points out that a child could not possibly learn a language through imitation alone because the language spoken around them is highly irregular – adult’s speech is often broken up and even sometimes ungrammatical. Chomsky’s theory applies to all languages as they all contain nouns, verbs, consonants and vowels and children appear to be ‘hard-wired’ to acquire the grammar. Every language is extremely complex, often with subtle distinctions which even native speakers are unaware of. However, all children, regardless of their intellectual ability, become fluent in their native language within five or six years.
All languages are composed of phonemes, the smallest units of sound-consonants and vowels. Phonemes combine to form the smallest meaningful units of language, or morphemes. The first word may be a noun. (Dada is easier to say than mama.) However, first words are more than labels for objects. First words are communicative like "Bye-bye" and "uh oh." Some single words are used to convey a whole sentence. These words are called holophrases, whole phrases which are full of meaning, because they are self-contained. "Up," for example, may mean "Pick me up now. I need to be held." The child's word for water or drink may be used as a holophrase meaning, "I am very thirsty and need a drink of water." However, communication is not always initiated by adults. Infants can initiate social communication. Adults can then take their cues from the infant's efforts by taking turns vocalizing, smiling, and cooing while maintaining eye contact.
References
Aitchison, Jean(1997). The Language Web. Avaiable on: http://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/chomsky/. Accssed on 13 February 2012
Chomsky. child language acquisition theory t. http://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/chomsky/. Accssed on 13 February 2012
Crosser, Sandra. Avaiable on:
Enhancing the Language Development of Young Children. Avaiable on: http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_home.aspx?ArticleID=119. Accssed on 13 February 2012
Nama : Resti. R.
ReplyDeleteNim : 09250051
Task : 7
Wikipedia.com. (2012). Language acquisition is one of the central topics in cognitive science. Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words to communicate. Language acquisition usually refers to first language acquisition, which studies infants' acquisition of their native language. This is distinguished from second language acquisition, which deals with the acquisition (in both children and adults) of additional languages. children get language from the environment because environment plays an essential role. Language acquisition almost always occurs in children during a period of rapid increase in brain volume. At this point in development, a child has much more neural connections than he or she will have as an adult, allowing for the child to be more able to learn new things than he or she would be as an adult.
How the children acquire the language?
Pinker, steven. (1994). Shortly, before first birthday, babies begin to understand words, and around, they start to produce them. Example: Children start to know food, body parts, clothing, vehicles, toys, household items, animals, and people. There are words for actions, motions, and routines, finally, there are routines used in social interaction, like yes, no, want, bye-bye, and hi. Children differ in how much they name objects or engage in social interaction using memorized routines. Around 18 months, language changes in two ways. Vocabulary growth increases; the child begins to learn words at a rate of one every two waking hours, and will keep learning that rate or faster through adolescence.
References:
Wikipedia.com.2012. Definition Language acquisition. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_acquisition Accessed On: February 11 th 2012
Pinker,steven. 1994. Language Acquisition. Available On: http://chars.lin.oakland.edu/Links/pinker.langacq.html Accessed On: February 11 th 2012
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteExplain about language acquisition for the children? And give the example on how the children acquire the language for your explanation?
ReplyDeletewikipedia.org (2012) : Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words to communicate.
linguistlist.org (2012): Language acquisition for childrend is very different with adult style in acquiring a language. They don’t use language like adults. Their acquiring language is gradual, lengthy process, and one that involves a lot of apparent 'errors'. And then children will learn to speak the dialect(s) and language(s) that are used around them. Children usually begin by speaking like their parents or caregivers, but once they start to mix with other children (especially from the age of about 3 years) they start to speak like friends their own age.
So, the time that is used by children to acquire the language perfectly is not in a short-term. But, they need the lengthy time. Children will develop their own strategies for learning whatever they find relevant to learn around them, including language.
Children will acquire the language and can speak almost like adults for 4-6 years. They will learn about the pronunciations and then words before they learn in sentences. When they learn the pronunciation, vowel sounds are easier for them, e.g. a.i.u.e.o. than consonants. They usually say aaaaa, abbaa, aawa, aaii, ouu,, etc. that include more vowels than consonants. And then after they learnt the pronunciation. The next step is learning words. Some adults will use the object to describe about what they mean when they are trying to communicate or talk to the children. For example when they say “banana” while showing them a real banana. And children will get the point, then they will try to pronounce it, e.g. anana, nana, bana, etc. or the adults (parents) say “bapak” or “the name of father” by indicating “who is their father”. And in other times, when they are asked about “where is your father?” or “who is your father name?” they will be able to answer it and try to speak although in poor vocabulary or pronunciation, for example: when they want to say “bapak” they may call it “apak, papa, etc. and sometimes, this case may causes a new word or vocabulary in a language. And It is why language is dynamic one. And after they are familiar or know about the words or vocabularies, they will try to use it in the sentence forms. And they do not care with the grammar that they use. For example: “mama sapi adek” but the meaning is “ini sapi adek, mama” not “mama adalah sapi adek”. And then, they will develop the language in a good or complex-sentences by the times.
REFFERENCES
wikipedia.org. 2012. Language Acquisition. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_acquisition. Accessed on: 13th February 2012.
linguistlist.org. 2012. Language Acquisition. Available on:http://linguistlist.org/ask-ling/lang-acq.cfm. Accessed on: 13th February 2012.
Language acquisition
ReplyDeleteLanguage acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words to communicate.
According to Chomsky (1982) points out that a child could not possibly learn a language through imitation alone because the language spoken around them is highly irregular – adult’s speech is often broken up and even sometimes ungrammatical.
Furthermore, Answer.com (2012) said that Language acquisition, the process of learning a native or a second language. The acquisition of native languages is studied primarily by developmental psychologists and psycholinguists. Although how children learn to speak is not perfectly understood, most explanations involve both the observation that children copy what they hear and the inference that human beings have a natural aptitude for understanding grammar. While children usually learn the sounds and vocabulary of their native language through imitation, grammar is seldom taught to them explicitly.
Child Language Acquisition
In The LINGUIST List ‘s opinion, Children will come up with the most extraordinary things when they start using language. Cute things, hilarious things and, sometimes, baffling things that may start us wondering whether we should worry about their language development.
First, children do not use language like adults, because children are not adults. Acquiring language is a gradual, lengthy process, and one that involves a lot of apparent 'errors'. We will see below that these 'errors' are in fact not errors at all, but a necessary part of the process of language acquisition. That is, they shouldn't be corrected, because they will disappear in time.
Second, children will learn to speak the dialect(s) and language(s) that are used around them. Children usually begin by speaking like their parents or caregivers, but once they start to mix with other children (especially from the age of about 3 years) they start to speak like friends their own age. You cannot control the way your children speak: they will develop their own accents and they will learn the languages they think they need.
So, in may opinion, Language acquisition is the language learning process of children through to adulthood. For the example:
• Students sometimes use ‘wrong’ pronunciation and tenses or grammar in their speak, eg; “momma, i miaw tet en fis” (mother, I want that cat and that fish)
Reference:
Chomsky, Noam. 1982. Some Concepts and Consequences of the Theory of Government and
Binding. Available on: http://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/chomsky/
Accessed on: 14 february 2012
Answer.com. 2012. Language Acquisition. Available on: http://www.answers.com/topic/language-acquisition#ixzz1mKk4LsfE.
Accessed on: 14 february 2012
The LINGUIST List. 2000. Child Language Acquisition . Available on: http://linguistlist.org/ask-ling/lang-acq.cfm.
Accessed on: 14 february 2012
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteExplain about language acquisition for the children? And give the example on how the children acquire the language for your explanation?
ReplyDeleteParker, Frank. (1986). Language acquisition is the study of how this transformation takes place-from a mental state in which the child does not possess a grammar of a particular language to a mental state in which the child does.
Example : according to real story from lecturer
A : mami, aku nak main game, tapi dak biso ye mami dak katek ananetnyo
B : ?????*&%# (think)
A few minute later
B : iyo dak katek internetnyo
So its mean that language acquisition is the study of children make language self.
How the children acquire the language for your explanation?
We can practice in front of them(chlidrens)
Example : according on the previous example
Look at this, it doesnt work because no connection to internet
REFERENCE :
Parker, Frank. 1986. Linguistics for non-linguists. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd
Language Acquisition for children
ReplyDeleteLanguage Acquisition is the study of how human beings acquire a grammar: a set of semantic, syntactic, morpholoical, and phonological categories and rules which underlie their ability to speak and understand the language which they are exposed. Language acquisition for children is acquired gradually, it can not be acquired directly when the child was born.
For example:
A child was born in java, the child’s parents and society speak javenese. The child is not born knowing javanese language fist. Bye the age of 5, gradually the child can speak javanese and understand javanese with relative facility.
Some observations that can make about the acquisition of a fisrt language:
1. A child acquiring javanese might form incorrect words or sentence. E.g. ojo nesu. first as odonecu then as ojo necu then as ojo nesu (jangan ngambek)
2. A child acquiring Javanese might form an introgative such as “ngopo ora koe lungo?” as “ngopo koe ora lungo?” (mengapa kamu tidak pergi?)
3. All normal children acquire a language, but not all children learn to read and write.
Reference:
Paker, Frank. 1946. Linguistics for Non-Linguistics. London. Brown and company
January 2012.
ReplyDeleteLanguage acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words to communicate. The capacity to successfully use language requires one to pick up a range of tools including syntax, phonetics, and an extensive vocabulary. This language might be vocalized as with speech or manual as in sign. Language acquisition usually refers to first language acquisition, which studies infants' acquisition of their native language. This is distinguished from second language acquisition, which deals with the acquisition (in both children and adults) of additional languages.
Ex:
Although how children learn to speak is not perfectly understood, most explanations involve both the observation that children copy what they hear and the inference that human beings have a natural aptitude for understanding grammar. While children usually learn the sounds and vocabulary of their native language through imitation, grammar is seldom taught to them explicitly; that they nonetheless rapidly acquire the ability to speak grammatically supports the theory advanced by Noam Chomsky and other proponents of transformational grammar. According to this view, children are able to learn the "superficial" grammar of a particular language because all intelligible languages are founded on a "deep structure" of grammatical rules that are universal and that correspond to an innate capacity of the human brain. Stages in the acquisition of a native language can be measured by the increasing complexity and originality of a child's utterances. Children at first may overgeneralize grammatical rules and say, for example, goed (meaning went), a form they are unlikely to have heard, suggesting that they have intuited or deduced complex grammatical rules (here, how to conjugate regular verbs) and failed only to learn exceptions that cannot be predicted from a knowledge of the grammar alone.
Referece:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_acquisition
http://www.answers.com/topic/language-acquisition
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteAnswer.com (2012) Language acquisition, the process of learning a native or a second language. The acquisition of native languages is studied primarily by developmental psychologists and psycholinguists. Although how children learn to speak is not perfectly understood, most explanations involve both the observation that children copy what they hear and the inference that human beings have a natural aptitude for understanding grammar. While children usually learn the sounds and vocabulary of their native language through imitation, grammar is seldom taught to them explicitly. Language acquisition can be obtained in two ways : conscious and unconscious
ReplyDeletee.g :
As we know that in the role changes of the word; from singular to plural word.
1. conscious : book become books
Mouse become mice, (but the children sometime say “MOUSES”, of the plural word from mouse), in this case, the children only think that the word add “S” in the end of word.
2. Unconscious : the children say “cucu”/Milk. (IN BAHASA INDONESIA), it means that the children “want milk(SUSU).
Answer.com. 2012. Language Acquisition. Available on: http://www.answers.com/topic/language-acquisition#ixzz1mKk4LsfE. Accessed on: 14 february 2012.
Explain about language acquisition for the children? And give the example on how the children acquire the language for your explanation?
ReplyDeleteLanguage acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words to communicate. The capacity to successfully use language requires one to pick up a range of tools including syntax, phonetics, and an extensive vocabulary. This language might be vocalized as with speech or manual as in sign. Language acquisition usually refers to first language acquisition, which studies infants' acquisition of their native language. This is distinguished from second language acquisition, which deals with the acquisition (in both children and adults) of additional languages.
The language development of a child since birth to the time when he or she is able to utter full sentences is much studied. One view, strongly advocated by Chomsky, is that this ability is innate and that a universal grammar governs the human language system. He proposes the language acquisition device (LAD), which is able to encode the major principles of a language and its grammatical structures in a child's brain. Children can then learn new vocabulary and apply the syntactic structures from the LAD to form sentences. His idea of the universal grammar thus, indicates that this theory can be extended to other languages such that all of them contain nouns, verbs, consonants and vowels and children appears to be 'hard-wired' to acquire the grammar.
David Crystal’s Theory On Child Language Acquisition
Professor Crystal is best known for his two encyclopaedias The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of Language and The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of the English Language. So what does this have to do with child language acquisition?
David Crystal has the theory that children learn language in five stages, which aren’t clearly defined and some tie in with each other.
These stages are:
Stage One:
This is where children say things for three purposes:
1. To get something they want
2. To get someone’s attention
3. To draw attention to something
Then they begin to make basic statements such as “daddy car”
During this stage children begin naming things with single words and then move on to relating objects with other things, places and people, for example, “there mummy”. They also relate objects with events, for example, “bird gone”.
At this early stage they don’t have much vocabulary so they use intonation to ask a question. Children use words like: “there, want and allgone” to express a full sentence. This could be said that part of this stage is holophrastic.
Stage 1:
Child: Allgone! Holophrase to express a full sentence. They are operators when manipulating language this way.
Mother: Yes, the milk is all gone.
Child: Mummy, here. Only a statement as they don’t have much vocab or language forms that they can control.
Mother: Mummy’s here.
Child: Want more!
Mother: That’s enough milk now.
Child: No, more. Direct imperative.
Mother: Look at dolly, she’s sleeping.
Child: Dolly, there? Intonation to ask question.
Mother: Yes, dolly is in the bed.
Child: Dolly bye-bye.
Reference:
I Love English Language. child language acquisition theory. Available on: http://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/chomsky/. Accesed on 14 February 2012
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2012. Language acquisition. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_acquisition. accesed on 14 February 2012
Children's Language Acquisition
ReplyDeleteChomsky believes that every child has a ‘language acquisition device’ or LAD which encodes the major principles of a language and its grammatical structures into the child’s brain. Children have then only to learn new vocabulary and apply the syntactic structures from the LAD to form sentences. Chomsky points out that a child could not possibly learn a language through imitation alone because the language spoken around them is highly irregular – adult’s speech is often broken up and even sometimes ungrammatical. Chomsky’s theory applies to all languages as they all contain nouns, verbs, consonants and vowels and children appear to be ‘hard-wired’ to acquire the grammar. Every language is extremely complex, often with subtle distinctions which even native speakers are unaware of. However, all children, regardless of their intellectual ability, become fluent in their native language within five or six years.
Evidence to support Chomsky’s theory
• Children learning to speak never make grammatical errors such as getting their subjects, verbs and objects in the wrong order.
• If an adult deliberately said a grammatically incorrect sentence, the child would notice.
• Children often say things that are ungrammatical such as ‘mama ball’, which they cannot have learnt passively.
• Mistakes such as ‘I drawed’ instead of ‘I drew’ show they are not learning through imitation alone.
• Chomsky used the sentence ‘colourless green ideas sleep furiously’, which is grammatical although it doesn’t make sense, to prove his theory: he said it shows that sentences can be grammatical without having any meaning, that we can tell the difference between a grammatical and an ungrammatical sentence without ever having heard the sentence before, and that we can produce and understand brand new sentences that no one has ever said before.
Example Dialogue Parent and Child (3 years old):
Parent: What did you do today?
Child: Me drawed a cat. (applies –ed suffix rule but gets wrong)
Parent: You drew a cat?
Child: Yeah. (understands correction)
Parent: Who did you play with at breaktime?
Child: Me played with Sarah and Helen. (wrong pronoun – not learnt passively)
Parent: That sound fun. Now what do you want for tea?
Child: Dunno. What you having?
Parent: Daddy and I are having fish.
Child: You having fishes? (incorrect use of plural noun but shows child applying rules)
Parent: Yes. I’ll do you some fish fingers and if you’re a good girl and eat them all you can have a sweetie. (applying plural noun rule)
Child: Me want two sweeties.
Parent: Alright then. Now go and watch Postman Pat while I start the tea.
Child: When Daddy coming home? (gets SVO order correct all the time)
Parent: He’ll be here soon.
aggslanguage.wordpress.com.2012. 4.1 child language acquisition theory – chomsky, crystal, Aitchison & piaget. Available on: http://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/chomsky/. Accessed on: 14 February 2012.
Explain about language acquisition for the children? And give the example on how the children acquire the language for your explanation?
ReplyDeleteLanguage acquisition
Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words to communicate.
For example, at about 6-8 months, all children start to bababa . . ., that is, to produce repetitive syllables like bababa. At about 10-12 months they speak their first words, and between 20 and 24 months they begin to put words together.
In order to understand child language acquisition, we need to keep two very important things in mind:
First, children do not use language like adults, because children are not adults. Acquiring language is a gradual, lengthy process, and one that involves errors' are in fact not errors at all, but a necessary part of the process of language acquisition. That is, they shouldn't be corrected, because they will disappear in time.
Second, children will learn to speak the dialect(s) and language(s) that are used around them. Children usually begin by speaking like their parents or caregivers, but once they start to mix with other children (especially from the age of about 3 years) they start to speak like friends their own age.
References:
Answer.com. 2012. Language Acquisition. Available on: http://www.answers.com/topic/language-acquisition#ixzz1mKk4LsfE. Accessed on: 14 february 2012
Nordquist, Richard.2012.language acquisition.available on: http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/languageacquisitionterm.htm.accessed on: february 15th, 2012
The linguist list. 2012. Ask A Linguist FAQ. available on: http://linguistlist.org/ask-ling/lang-acq.cfm. accessed on: february 15th, 2012
Language acquisition for children is how children learn to speak is not perfectly understood, most explanations involve both the observation that children copy what they hear and the inference that human beings have a natural aptitude for understanding grammar. While children usually learn the sounds and vocabulary of their native language through imitation, grammar is seldom taught to them explicitly; that they nonetheless rapidly acquire the ability to speak grammatically supports the theory advanced by Noam Chomsky and other proponents of transformational grammar.
ReplyDeleteAll children acquire language in the same way, regardless of what language they use or the number of languages they use. Acquiring a language is like learning to play a game. Children must learn the rules of the language game, for example how to articulate words and how to put them together in ways that are acceptable to the people around them. In order to understand child language acquisition, we need to keep two very important things in mind:
First, children do not use language like adults, because children are not adults. Acquiring language is a gradual, lengthy process, and one that involves a lot of apparent 'errors'. We will see below that these 'errors' are in fact not errors at all, but a necessary part of the process of language acquisition. That is, they shouldn't be corrected, because they will disappear in time.
Second, children will learn to speak the dialect(s) and language(s) that are used around them. Children usually begin by speaking like their parents or caregivers, but once they start to mix with other children (especially from the age of about 3 years) they start to speak like friends their own age. You cannot control the way your children speak: they will develop their own accents and they will learn the languages they think they need. If you don't like the local accent, you'll either have to put up with it or move to somewhere with an accent you like! On the other hand, if you don't like your own accent, and prefer the local one, you will be happy. A child will also learn the local grammar: 'He done it'; 'She never go there'; 'My brother happy' and so on are all examples of non-standard grammar found in some places where English is spoken. These might be judged wrong in school contexts (and all children will have to learn the standard version in school) but if adults in the child's community use them, they are not "wrong" in child language.
REFERENCES:
Thefreedictionary. 2012. Language acquition. Available on: http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/language+acquisition. Accesssed on: February 16, 2012
The linguists list. Tt. Ask a Linguist FAQ. Available on: http://linguistlist.org/ask-ling/lang-acq.cfm. Accesssed on: February 16, 2012
NAME: NUR AZIZAH ZATMEDIKA
ReplyDeleteNIM: 09250044
PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 7
TASK 7: 14 FEB 2012
Explain about language acquisition for the children? And give the example on how the children acquire the language for your explanation?
Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words to communicate. The capacity to successfully use language requires one to pick up a range of tools including syntax, phonetics, and an extensive vocabulary. This language might be vocalized as with speech or manual as in sign. Language acquisition usually refers to first language acquisition, which studies infants' acquisition of their native language. This is distinguished from second language acquisition, which deals with the acquisition (in both children and adults) of additional languages.
Noam Chomsky believes that children are born with an inherited ability to learn any human language. He claims that certain linguistic structures which children use so accurately must be already imprinted on the child’s mind. Chomsky believes that every child has a ‘language acquisition device’ or LAD which encodes the major principles of a language and its grammatical structures into the child’s brain. Children have then only to learn new vocabulary and apply the syntactic structures from the LAD to form sentences. Chomsky points out that a child could not possibly learn a language through imitation alone because the language spoken around them is highly irregular – adult’s speech is often broken up and even sometimes ungrammatical. Chomsky’s theory applies to all languages as they all contain nouns, verbs, consonants and vowels and children appear to be ‘hard-wired’ to acquire the grammar. Every language is extremely complex, often with subtle distinctions which even native speakers are unaware of. However, all children, regardless of their intellectual ability, become fluent in their native language within five or six years.
Evidence against Chomsky’s theory
• Critics of Chomsky’s theory say that although it is clear that children don’t learn language through imitation alone, this does not prove that they must have an LAD – language learning could merely be through general learning and understanding abilities and interactions with other people.
Dialogue
Parent and Child (3 years old)
Parent: What did you do today?
Child: Me drawed a cat. (applies –ed suffix rule but gets wrong)
Parent: You drew a cat?
Child: Yeah. (understands correction)
Parent: Who did you play with at breaktime?
Child: Me played with Sarah and Helen. (wrong pronoun – not learnt passively)
Parent: That sound fun. Now what do you want for tea?
Child: Dunno. What you having?
Parent: Daddy and I are having fish.
Child: You having fishes? (incorrect use of plural noun but shows child applying rules)
Parent: Yes. I’ll do you some fish fingers and if you’re a good girl and eat them all you can have a sweetie. (applying plural noun rule)
Child: Me want two sweeties.
Parent: Alright then. Now go and watch Postman Pat while I start the tea.
Child: When Daddy coming home? (gets SVO order correct all the time)
Parent: He’ll be here soon.
REFERENCE:
Wikipedia.org. 2012. Language Acquisition. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_acquisition. Accessed on: 15th, February 2012.
Wordprees.com by Marin, Lucian. 2005. I Love English Language. Available on: http://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/chomsky/. Accessed on: 15th, February 2012.
Linguistic acquisition for children and the example
ReplyDelete(Noam Chomsky ,1997) In this case we talk about baby language process. How the child send their message to the others. Acquiring a language is like learning to play a game. Children must learn the rules of the language game, for example how to articulate words and how to put them together in ways that are acceptable to the people around them. In order to understand child language acquisition. They have some stages to form good language (structure and vocabulary):
Stage One:
This is where children say things for three purposes:
1. To get something they want
2. To get someone’s attention
3. To draw attention to something
in this stage the children begin to give name to the object that they know. for example; “ cat eat”.
Stage Two:
In this stage children try to ask about something. Usually, the first question that children know is “where and what ” followed by verb or noun. For example “where go” because it is so familiar in their ear. And then children are also taught to learn things in opposite pairs such as up/down and hot/cold.
Stage Three:
children would be asking lots of different questions but often signalling that they are questions with intonation alone, for example: “Sally play in garden mummy?” This is made into a question by varying the tone of voice.
Children soon begin to express more complex wants by using more grammatically correct language. Children refer to events in the past and less often in the future.
For example:
child: cat is eating?
Mom: yupz, the cat is eating.
Child: he is hungry.
Mom: uhuh the cat is hungry now.
Child: I want cat.
Stage Four:
This is when children use increasingly complex sentence structures and begin to:
• Explain things
• Ask for explanations using the word: “why?”
• Making a wide range of requests: “shall I do it?”
Now they are able to use complex sentence structures they have flexible language tools for expressing a wide range of meanings. Probably the most remarkable development is their comprehension of language and use of abstract verbs for example “know” to express mental operations. They begin to communicate meaning indirectly by replacing imperatives such as “give me” with questions; “can I have?”
Stage Five:
By this stage children regularly use language to do all the things that they need it for. They give information, asking and answering questions, requesting directly and indirectly, suggesting, offering, stating and expressing.
For example:
Mom: how are you this morning, my pretty girl?
Child: I’M ok mom.
Mom: how about your dream last night?
Child: I met a princess.
Mom: beautiful?
Child: yes, she is beautiful and has long hair.
Mom: good dream.
References:
Chomsky noam, British linguist, The Language Web.available on: http://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/chomsky/ .access on 16 february 2012.
NAME: Ratmelia Saputri
ReplyDeleteNIM: 09250050
TASK 7
Explain about language acquisition for the children? And give the example on how the children acquire the language for your explanation?
Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words to communicate. The capacity to successfully use language requires one to pick up a range of tools including syntax, phonetics, and an extensive vocabulary. This language might be vocalized as with speech or manual as in sign. Language acquisition usually refers to first language acquisition, which studies infants' acquisition of their native language. This is distinguished from second language acquisition, which deals with the acquisition (in both children and adults) of additional languages.
Example:
• "For children, acquiring a language is an effortless achievement that occurs:
- without explicit teaching,
- on the basis of positive evidence (i.e., what they hear),
- under varying circumstances, and in a limited amount of time,
- in identical ways across different languages.
. . . Children achieve linguistic milestones in parallel fashion, regardless of the specific language they are exposed to. For example, at about 6-8 months, all children start to babble . . ., that is, to produce repetitive syllables like bababa. At about 10-12 months they speak their first words, and between 20 and 24 months they begin to put words together. It has been shown that children between 2 and 3 years speaking a wide variety of languages use infinitive verbs in main clauses . . . or omit sentential subjects . . ., although the language they are exposed to may not have this option. Across languages young children also over-regularize the past tense or other tenses of irregular verbs. Interestingly, similarities in language acquisition are observed not only across spoken languages, but also between spoken and signed languages."
(María Teresa Guasti, Language Acquisition: The Growth of Grammar. MIT Press, 2002)
• "At around nine months of age, then, babies start to give their utterances a bit of a beat, reflecting the rhythm of the language they're learning. The utterances of English babies start to sound like 'te-tum-te-tum.' The utterances of French babies start to sound like 'rat-a-tat-a-tat.' And the utterances of Chinese babies start to sound like sing-song. . . . We get the feeling that language is just around the corner.
"This feeling is reinforced by [an]other feature of language . . .: intonation. Intonation is the melody or music of language. It refers to the way the voice rises and falls as we speak."
(David Crystal, A Little Book of Language. Yale Univ. Press, 2010)
REFERENCE
Wikipedia.org. 2012. Language Acquisition. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_acquisition. Accessed on: 21th, February 2012.
Grammar.about.com. 2002. Language Acquisition. Available on: http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/languageacquisitionterm.htm. Accessed on: 21th, February 2012.
NAME: Ratmelia Saputri
ReplyDeleteNIM: 09250050
TASK 7
Explain about language acquisition for the children? And give the example on how the children acquire the language for your explanation?
Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words to communicate. The capacity to successfully use language requires one to pick up a range of tools including syntax, phonetics, and an extensive vocabulary. This language might be vocalized as with speech or manual as in sign. Language acquisition usually refers to first language acquisition, which studies infants' acquisition of their native language. This is distinguished from second language acquisition, which deals with the acquisition (in both children and adults) of additional languages.
Example:
• "For children, acquiring a language is an effortless achievement that occurs:
- without explicit teaching,
- on the basis of positive evidence (i.e., what they hear),
- under varying circumstances, and in a limited amount of time,
- in identical ways across different languages.
. . . Children achieve linguistic milestones in parallel fashion, regardless of the specific language they are exposed to. For example, at about 6-8 months, all children start to babble . . ., that is, to produce repetitive syllables like bababa. At about 10-12 months they speak their first words, and between 20 and 24 months they begin to put words together. It has been shown that children between 2 and 3 years speaking a wide variety of languages use infinitive verbs in main clauses . . . or omit sentential subjects . . ., although the language they are exposed to may not have this option. Across languages young children also over-regularize the past tense or other tenses of irregular verbs. Interestingly, similarities in language acquisition are observed not only across spoken languages, but also between spoken and signed languages."
(María Teresa Guasti, Language Acquisition: The Growth of Grammar. MIT Press, 2002)
• "At around nine months of age, then, babies start to give their utterances a bit of a beat, reflecting the rhythm of the language they're learning. The utterances of English babies start to sound like 'te-tum-te-tum.' The utterances of French babies start to sound like 'rat-a-tat-a-tat.' And the utterances of Chinese babies start to sound like sing-song. . . . We get the feeling that language is just around the corner.
"This feeling is reinforced by [an]other feature of language . . .: intonation. Intonation is the melody or music of language. It refers to the way the voice rises and falls as we speak."
(David Crystal, A Little Book of Language. Yale Univ. Press, 2010)
REFERENCE
Wikipedia.org. 2012. Language Acquisition. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_acquisition. Accessed on: 21th, February 2012.
Grammar.about.com. 2002. Language Acquisition. Available on: http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/languageacquisitionterm.htm. Accessed on: 21th, February 2012.