LANGUAGE
Cherry (2012) defines
language as a systematic way to convey meaning using symbols and sounds. Language,
the connection between the symbol and the meaning is most often completely arbitrary
(based on or determined by individual preference or convenience rather than by
necessity or the intrinsic nature of something) or in Indonesia language, it
was translated into “sembarang” or “suka-suka”.
Each
language also has its own rules of syntax and grammar. These rules determine
how and when certain words should be combined and in what order they should be
presented in order to communicate meaning.
IS HUMAN LANGUAGE DIFFERENT FROM ANIMAL
LANGUAGE?
Ferawati (2009) states that
human language is distinct from the language of other creatures. Human language is indeed such unique from
communication, then it would seem inconceivable that other would be able to
develop an understanding of expression. It seems difficult to conceive of
animals understanding human language, it appears to be even less likely that an
animal would be capable of producing human language.
Furthermore,
Singham (2008) states that the more
we understand how human language works, the more we begin to realize how
different human speech is from the communication systems of other animals.
PSYCHOLOGY
Answer.com
(2012)
defines psychology as the science or study of the thought processes and
behavior of humans and other animals in their interaction with the environment.
The word ‘psychology’, from the Greek psyche, meaning mind or soul,
describes an academic and clinical subject concerned with reason and emotion,
conscious and unconscious mental processes.
PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
Wisniewski (2007) defines
psycholinguistics as a branch of study which combines the disciplines of
psychology and linguistics. It is concerned with the relationship between the
human mind and the language as it examines the processes that occur in brain
while producing and perceiving both written and spoken discourse.
REFERENCES
Answer.com.
2012. Psychology Definition.
Available on: http://www.answers.com/topic/psychology. Accessed on:
February 3rd, 2012.
Cherry, Kendra.
2012. The Characteristics of Language.
Available on: http://www.netplaces.com/psychology/thinking-language-and-intelligence/the-characteristics-of-language.htm. Accessed on : February
3rd, 2012.
Firawati, Tatik.
2009. Animals and Human Language.
Available on: http://tetikfirawati.com/2009/10/02/animals-and-human-language/. Accessed on:
3rd February 2012.
Singham, Mano.
2008. The difference between Human and
Other Animal Communication. Available on: http://machineslikeus.com/news/the-difference-between-human-and-other-animal-communication. Accessed on:
3rd February 2012.
Wisniewski,
Kamil. 2007. Psycholinguistics: What is
psycholinguistic. Available on: http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/psycholinguistics.htm. Accessed on: 3rd,
February 2012.
>><<
Richard Nordquist,defines LANGUAGE : A human system of communication that uses arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols. The study of language is called linguistics.
ReplyDeleteWilhelm Wundt,defines PSYCHOLOGY is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion and behavior. Applications of psychology include mental health treatment, performance enhancement, self-help, ergonomics and many other areas affecting health and daily life.
William O'Grady,"Psycholinguists study how word meaning, sentence meaning, and discourse meaning are computed and represented in the mind. They study how complex words and sentences are composed in speech and how they are broken down into their constituents in the acts of listening and reading. In short, psycholinguists seek to understand how language is done. . . .
William O'Grady,"In general, psycholinguistic studies have revealed that many of the concepts employed in the analysis of sound structure, word structure, and sentence structure also play a role in language processing. However, an account of language processing also requires that we understand how these linguistic concepts interact with other aspects of human processing to enable language production and comprehension."
REFERENCES :
William O'Grady,PSYCHOLINGUISTICS. Available on :http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/psycholinguisticsterm.htm
Wilhelm Wundt,PSYCHOLOGY DEFINITION. Available on: http://psychology.about.com/od/psychology101/f/psychfaq.htm
Richard Nordquist,LANGUAGE DEFINITION. Available on:http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/languageterm.htm
The Meaning of Language
ReplyDeleteRobert M. Martin
Philosophy of language is one of the hardest areas for the beginning student; it is full of difficult questions technical arguments, and jargon. Written in a straightforward and explanatory way and filled with examples, this text provides a comprehensive introduction to the field, suitable for students with no background in the philosophy of language or formal logic.
Robert Martin is an associate professor of philosophy at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. A Bradford Book.
Psychology
Edward L. Thorndike (1910)
Teachers College, Columbia University, first published in The Journal of Educational Psychology, 1, 5-12.
Psychology contributes to a better understanding of the aims of education by defining them, making them clearer; by limiting them, showing us what can be done and what can not; and by suggesting new features that should be made parts of them.
Psychology makes ideas of educational aims clearer. Psychology contributes to knowledge of methods of teaching in three ways:
First, methods may be deduced outright from the laws of human nature.
Second, methods may be chosen from actual working experience, regardless of psychology, as a starting point. Third, in all cases psychology, by its methods of measuring knowledge and skill, may suggest means to test and verify or refute the claims of any method
Psycholinguistic
"In general, psycholinguistic studies have revealed that many of the concepts employed in the analysis of sound structure, word structure, and sentence structure also play a role in language processing. However, an account of language processing also requires that we understand how these linguistic concepts interact with other aspects of human processing to enable language production and comprehension."
(William O'Grady, et al., Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2001)
http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=3750
http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Thorndike/education.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/psycholinguisticsterm.htm
(Walt Whitman)"Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, or of dictionary makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the ground."
ReplyDeletereferences
(http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/languageterm.htm
Gene Zimmer, The word "psychology" is the combination of two terms - study (ology) and soul (psyche), or mind. The derivation of the word from Latin gives it this clear and obvious meaning:
The study of the soul or mind.
This meaning has been altered over the years until today, this is not what the word means at all. The subject of psychology, as studied in colleges and universities, currently has very little to do with the mind, and absolutely nothing to do with the soul or spirit.
It is important to understand that words and ideas are supposed to refer to something. "The large tree in the front yard" refers to an actual thing that can be seen, touched and experienced. "The man walking his little dog last night at sunset" refers to an actual event that can be seen, observed and experienced. The realm of mind is an actual realm that can be experienced, and at one time there were words that accurately referred to this realm.
references
http://www.sntp.net/psychology_definition.htm
Friedmann Pulvermüller,"Psycholinguistics has classically focused on button press tasks and reaction time experiments from which cognitive processes are being inferred. The advent of neuroimaging opened new research perspectives for the psycholinguist as it became possible to look at the neuronal mass activity that underlies language processing. Studies of brain correlates of psycholinguistic processes can complement behavioral results, and in some cases . . . can lead to direct information about the basis of psycholinguistic processes."
(Friedmann Pulvermüller, "Word Processing in the Brain as Revealed by Neurophysiological Imaging." The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics, ed. by M. Gareth Gaskell. Oxford Univ. Press, 2009)
references
http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/psycholinguisticsterm.htm
Name : Rusmala Dewi R
ReplyDeleteNime : 09250054
language :
1.
a body of words and the systems for their use common to a people who are of the same community or nation, the same geographical area, or the same cultural tradition: the two languages of Belgium; a Bantu language; the French language; the Yiddish language.
2.
communication by voice in the distinctively human manner, using arbitrary sounds in conventional ways with conventional meanings; speech.
3.
the system of linguistic signs or symbols considered in the abstract ( opposed to speech).
4.
any set or system of such symbols as used in a more or less uniform fashion by a number of people, who are thus enabled to communicate intelligibly with one another.
5.
any system of formalized symbols, signs, sounds, gestures, or the like used or conceived as a means of communicating thought, emotion, etc.: the language of mathematics; sign language.
psycholinguistic :
Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language. Initial forays into psycholinguistics were largely philosophical ventures, due mainly to a lack of cohesive data on how the human brain functioned. Modern research makes use of biology, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, and information theory to study how the brain processes language. There are a number of subdisciplines with non-invasive techniques for studying the neurological workings of the brain; for example, neurolinguistics has become a field in its own right.
psychology :
Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior.[1][2] Grounded in scientific method,[1][2] psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases,[3][4] and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society.[5][6] In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and can be classified as a social scientist, behavioral scientist, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors.
references:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycholinguistics
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/language
Hall
ReplyDelete“Language is the institution whereby humans communicate and interact with each other by means of habitually used oral--auditory arbitrary symbols.”
Crow & Crow
“Psychology is the study of human behavior and human relationship.”
Psycholinguistics is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language
References:
http://www.englishindo.com/2011/06/pengertian-makna-arti-definisi-bahasa.html
http://psikologizone.blogspot.com/2011/02/pengertian-psikologi-menurut-para-ahli_13.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycholinguistics
language is A system of objects or symbols, such as sounds or character sequences, that can be combined in various ways following a set of rules, especially to communicate thoughts
ReplyDeletePsycholinguistics covers the cognitive processes that make it possible to generate a grammatical and meaningful sentence out of vocabulary and grammatical structures, as well as the processes that make it possible to understand utterances, words, text, etc.
Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior. Grounded in scientific method, psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases,and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society.
references:
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/language
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos056.htm
Language Definition
ReplyDeleteProvides defintion of what is a language and what is a human language.
What is a Language?
A language is considered to be a system of communicating with other people using sounds, symbols and words in expressing a meaning, idea or thought. This language can be used in many forms, primarily through oral and written communications as well as using expressions through body language.
Human Languages
Primarily there is a distinction between one language and another; usually it may be through country boundaries, population culture, demographics and history. Each country through combinations of blending cultures, environment and other factors has evolved their own unique style of a language. Although Australia, United States and United Kingdom all speak English, they all possess different mannerisms, words used and accents. It also common that many dialects have formed over time in many different towns within the same country. For example in Italy many dialects from the south and vastly differ from the north.
Psychology
The word Psychology is made of two ancient Greek words – psyche meaning soul and logos meaning word. Thus, Psychology pertains to the study of mind, thought, and behaviour. Although the subject mainly studies the human behavior but the animal behavior is also studied either as a separate branch of psychology (animal cognition) or it is studied in order to gain insight into human behavior and psychology by making a comparison between the two (comparative psychology). Wilhelm Wundt was the first person to call himself a “psychologist”, and he opened the first psychological laboratory in 1879 and it is only recently that Psychology has developed as a separate discipline and science.
Psycholinguistics
psycholinguistics - Part of speech : plural noun .
Definition : the study of the relationships between linguistic behaviour and psychological processes, including the process of language acquisition .
( [treated as singular] )
Pronunciation : /ˌsʌɪkəʊlɪŋˈgwɪstɪks /
psycholinguistic ( part of speech - adjective )
psycholinguist ( part of speech - noun )
http://www.unixl.com/dir/education/languages/language_definition/
http://www.psychologyupdates.com/definition-of-psychology.html
http://www.definition-of.net/psycholinguistics
LANGUAGE
ReplyDeleteRichard Nordquist (2012) : grammar. about.com
Walt Whitman : Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, or of dictionary makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the ground.
Karl Kraus : Language is the mother of thought, not its handmaiden.
And then, Language is primarily an auditory system of symbols. In so far as it is articulated it is also a motor system, but the motor aspect of speech is clearly secondary to the auditory. And language is a tool for communication between human and human, or animal and animal. Every language has their own symbols, sounds and also grammar (e.g. semantic, morphology, syntax, word classes, grammatical categories, etc).
PSYCOLOGY
Wikipedia.com (2012) : Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior. The word psychology literally means, "the study of the soul.
Mindfocus.com (2012) : Psychology is the scientific study of human and animal behavior with the object of understanding why living beings behave as they do. As almost any science, its discoveries have practical applications. As it is a rather new science, applications are sometimes confused with the science itself.
PSYCOLINGUISTICS
Wikipedia.com (2012) : Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language.
Richard Nordquist (2012) : grammar.about.com. The study of the mental aspects of language and speech--a branch of both linguistics and psychology.
http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/languageterm.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology
http://www.mindfocus.net/nc00100.html
http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/psycholinguisticsterm.htm
Name : Hendri Saputra
ReplyDeleteNim :10250021
Language is system of arbitrary, vocal symbols which permit all people, in a given culture, or other people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or to interact (Finocchioro, 1964)
Language is a system of communication by sounds, operating throught the organs of speech and hearing, among members of a given community, and using vocal symbols possessing arbitrary conventional meanings (Pei, 1966)
Language is any set or system of linguistic symbols as used in a more or less uniform fashion by a number of people who are thus enabled to communicate intelligibty with one another (Random House Dictionary of the English Language, 1966:806)
Language is asystematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of conventionalized signs, sounds, gestures, or marks having understood meanings (Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Lanhuage, 1961:1270)
LINGUISTIC is the study of language (human language). Linguistics can be nroadly broken into three categories : the study of language form (morphology, syntax, and phonology), the study of language meaning (semantics and pragmatics), and the study of language in context (evolutionary linguistics, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, language acquisition, and discourse analysis).
Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior.[1][2] Grounded in scientific method,[1][2] psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases,[3][4] and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society.[5][6] In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and can be classified as a social scientist, behavioral scientist, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring thephysiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors.
Psychologists explore such concepts as perception, cognition, attention, emotion, phenomenology, motivation, brain functioning, personality, behavior, andinterpersonal relationships. Psychologists of diverse stripes also consider the unconscious mind.[7] Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causaland correlational relationships between psychosocial variables. In addition, or in opposition, to employing empirical and deductive methods, some—especially clinical and counseling psychologists—at times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques. Psychology incorporates research from the social and natural sciences, and from the humanities, such as philosophy.
references:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology
Frank Parker"Linguistics for Non-Linguistics" London
Name : Rusmala Dewi R
ReplyDeleteNim : 09250054
Language
1.
a body of words and the systems for their use common to a people who are of the same community or nation, the same geographical area, or the same cultural tradition: the two languages of Belgium; a Bantu language; the French language; the Yiddish language.
2.
communication by voice in the distinctively human manner, using arbitrary sounds in conventional ways with conventional meanings; speech.
Psycholinguistics:
Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language. Initial forays into psycholinguistics were largely philosophical ventures, due mainly to a lack of cohesive data on how the human brain functioned. Modern research makes use of biology, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, and information theory to study how the brain processes language. There are a number of subdisciplines with non-invasive techniques for studying the neurological workings of the brain; for example, neurolinguistics has become a field in its own right.
Psychology:
Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior.[1][2] Grounded in scientific method,psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases,and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society.In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and can be classified as a social scientist, behavioral scientist, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors.
references:
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/language
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycholinguistics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology
Name : Ria Kharsumah
ReplyDeleteNim : 09250052
Psycholinguistics
"Psycholinguistics draws on ideas and knowledge from a number of associated areas, such as phonetics and semantics and pure linguistics. There is a constant exchange of information between psycholinguists and those working in neurolinguistics, who study how language is represented in the brain. There are also close links with studies in artificial intelligence. Indeed, much of the early interest in language processing derived from the AI goals of designing computer programs that can turn speech into writing and programs that can recognize the human voice."
(John Field, Psycholinguistics: A Resource Book for Students. Routledge, 2003)
Language
Language is primarily an auditory system of symbols. In so far as it is articulated it is also a motor system, but the motor aspect of speech is clearly secondary to the auditory. Language is a purely human and noninstinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols. These symbols are, in the first instance, auditory and they are produced by the so-called “organs of speech.” There is no discernible instinctive basis in human speech as such, however much instinctive expressions and the natural environment may serve as a stimulus for the development of certain elements of speech, however much instinctive tendencies, motor and other, may give a predetermined range or mold to linguistic expression. Such human or animal communication, if “communication” it may be called, as is brought about by involuntary, instinctive cries is not, in our sense, language at of all.
Edward Sapir (1884–1939). Language: An Introduction to the Study Speech. 1921.
Psychology
psychology is a science that deals with how people think and act. It’s a science because it uses scientific methods in observing and analyzing people’s behavior and helping them overcome any psychological issues that they may have.
Posted 04 August 2011 | By admin
References:
http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/psycholinguisticsterm.htm
http://www.bartleby.com/186/1.html
http://definepsychology.org/how-to-define-psychology-and-its-branches
Name : Hendri Saputra
ReplyDeleteNim :10250021
Language is system of arbitrary, vocal symbols which permit all people, in a given culture, or other people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or to interact (Finocchioro, 1964)
Language is a system of communication by sounds, operating throught the organs of speech and hearing, among members of a given community, and using vocal symbols possessing arbitrary conventional meanings (Pei, 1966)
Language is any set or system of linguistic symbols as used in a more or less uniform fashion by a number of people who are thus enabled to communicate intelligibty with one another (Random House Dictionary of the English Language, 1966:806)
Language is asystematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of conventionalized signs, sounds, gestures, or marks having understood meanings (Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Lanhuage, 1961:1270)
LINGUISTIC is the study of language (human language). Linguistics can be nroadly broken into three categories : the study of language form (morphology, syntax, and phonology), the study of language meaning (semantics and pragmatics), and the study of language in context (evolutionary linguistics, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, language acquisition, and discourse analysis).
Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior. Grounded in scientific method, psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases, and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and can be classified as a social scientist, behavioral scientist, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring thephysiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors.
Psychologists explore such concepts as perception, cognition, attention, emotion, phenomenology, motivation, brain functioning, personality, behavior, andinterpersonal relationships. Psychologists of diverse stripes also consider the unconscious mind. Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causaland correlational relationships between psychosocial variables. In addition, or in opposition, to employing empirical and deductive methods, some—especially clinical and counseling psychologists—at times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques. Psychology incorporates research from the social and natural sciences, and from the humanities, such as philosophy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology
Frank Parker"Linguistics for Non-Linguistics"
(Walt Whitman)"Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, or of dictionary makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and l...ow, close to the ground."
ReplyDeletereferences
(http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/languageterm.htm
Gene Zimmer, The word "psychology" is the combination of two terms - study (ology) and soul (psyche), or mind. The derivation of the word from Latin gives it this clear and obvious meaning:
The study of the soul or mind.
This meaning has been altered over the years until today, this is not what the word means at all. The subject of psychology, as studied in colleges and universities, currently has very little to do with the mind, and absolutely nothing to do with the soul or spirit.
It is important to understand that words and ideas are supposed to refer to something. "The large tree in the front yard" refers to an actual thing that can be seen, touched and experienced. "The man walking his little dog last night at sunset" refers to an actual event that can be seen, observed and experienced. The realm of mind is an actual realm that can be experienced, and at one time there were words that accurately referred to this realm.
references
http://www.sntp.net/psychology_definition.htm
Friedmann Pulvermüller,"Psycholinguistics has classically focused on button press tasks and reaction time experiments from which cognitive processes are being inferred. The advent of neuroimaging opened new research perspectives for the psycholinguist as it became possible to look at the neuronal mass activity that underlies language processing. Studies of brain correlates of psycholinguistic processes can complement behavioral results, and in some cases . . . can lead to direct information about the basis of psycholinguistic processes."
(Friedmann Pulvermüller, "Word Processing in the Brain as Revealed by Neurophysiological Imaging." The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics, ed. by M. Gareth Gaskell. Oxford Univ. Press, 2009)
references
http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/psycholinguisticsterm.htm
The Meaning of Language
ReplyDeleteRobert M. Martin
Philosophy of language is one of the hardest areas for the beginning student; it is full of difficult questions technical arguments, and jargon. Written in a straightforward and explanatory way and filled with examples, this text provides a comprehensive introduction to the field, suitable for students with no background in the philosophy of language or formal logic.
Robert Martin is an associate professor of philosophy at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. A Bradford Book.
Psychology
Edward L. Thorndike (1910)
Teachers College, Columbia University, first published in The Journal of Educational Psychology, 1, 5-12.
Psychology contributes to a better understanding of the aims of education by defining them, making them clearer; by limiting them, showing us what can be done and what can not; and by suggesting new features that should be made parts of them.
Psychology makes ideas of educational aims clearer. Psychology contributes to knowledge of methods of teaching in three ways:
First, methods may be deduced outright from the laws of human nature.
Second, methods may be chosen from actual working experience, regardless of psychology, as a starting point. Third, in all cases psychology, by its methods of measuring knowledge and skill, may suggest means to test and verify or refute the claims of any method
Psycholinguistic
"In general, psycholinguistic studies have revealed that many of the concepts employed in the analysis of sound structure, word structure, and sentence structure also play a role in language processing. However, an account of language processing also requires that we understand how these linguistic concepts interact with other aspects of human processing to enable language production and comprehension."
(William O'Grady, et al., Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2001)
http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=3750
http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Thorndike/education.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/psycholinguisticsterm.htm
Name : Hendri Saputra
ReplyDeleteNim :10250021
Language is system of arbitrary, vocal symbols which permit all people, in a given culture, or other people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or to interact (Finocchioro, 1964)
Language is a system of communication by sounds, operating throught the organs of speech and hearing, among members of a given community, and using vocal symbols possessing arbitrary conventional meanings (Pei, 1966)
Language is any set or system of linguistic symbols as used in a more or less uniform fashion by a number of people who are thus enabled to communicate intelligibty with one another (Random House Dictionary of the English Language, 1966:806)
Language is asystematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of conventionalized signs, sounds, gestures, or marks having understood meanings (Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Lanhuage, 1961:1270)
LINGUISTIC is the study of language (human language). Linguistics can be nroadly broken into three categories : the study of language form (morphology, syntax, and phonology), the study of language meaning (semantics and pragmatics), and the study of language in context (evolutionary linguistics, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, language acquisition, and discourse analysis).
Name : Rusmala Dewi R
ReplyDeleteNim : 09250054
Language
1.
a body of words and the systems for their use common to a people who are of the same community or nation, the same geographical area, or the same cultural tradition: the two languages of Belgium; a Bantu language; the French language; the Yiddish language.
2.
communication by voice in the distinctively human manner, using arbitrary sounds in conventional ways with conventional meanings; speech.
Psycholinguistics:
Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language. Initial forays into psycholinguistics were largely philosophical ventures, due mainly to a lack of cohesive data on how the human brain functioned. Modern research makes use of biology, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, and information theory to study how the brain processes language. There are a number of subdisciplines with non-invasive techniques for studying the neurological workings of the brain; for example, neurolinguistics has become a field in its own right.
Psychology:
Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior.[1][2] Grounded in scientific method,psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases,and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society.In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and can be classified as a social scientist, behavioral scientist, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors.
references:
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/language
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycholinguistics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology
name : Muhamad Syaifuddin
ReplyDeleteNim : 10250033
Language
communication by voice in the distinctively human manner, using arbitrary sounds in conventional ways with conventional meanings; speech.
Psychology
Psychology can be broadly defined as the study of the human mind and behavior. It is a systematic approach to the understanding of people, their thoughts, emotions and behavior. The application of this understanding helps to solve human problems.
Psycholinguistics
Ologies & -Isms (2008) defines psycholinguistics is the study of the relationships between language and the behavioral mechanisms of its users, especially in language learning by children.
Psychology is concerned with discovering the psychological processes by which human acquire and use language (Hoit, Rinehart, and Winston, 1998, 1993)
References
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/language
http://www.shwetambara.com/psychology.htm
Ologies & -Isms. 2008.......http://www.thefreedictionary.com/psycholinguistics
NAME : MUJI LESTARI
ReplyDeleteNIM : 09 25 0038
LANGUAGE
Language is a system of comunication in speech and writing used by people of a particular country. Language as a communication system is thought to be fundamentally different from and of much higher complexity than those of other species as it is based on a complex system of rules relating symbols to their meanings, resulting in an indefinite number of possible innovative utterances from a finite number of elements. Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication. The scientific study of language in any of its senses is called linguistics.
PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology is the study of the mind and how it influences behaviour. psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors.
PSYCHOLINGUISTIC
Psycholinguistics is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language. Initial forays into psycholinguistics were largely philosophical ventures, due mainly to a lack of cohesive data on how the human brain functioned. Modern research makes use of biology, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, and information theory to study how the brain processes language. There are a number of subdisciplines with non-invasive techniques for studying the neurological workings of the brain; for example, neurolinguistics has become a field in its own right.
IS HUMAN LANGUAGE DIFFERENT FROM ANIMAL LANGUAGE?
Human language is different from animal language it because human is different with animal. Human use language to counicate, for example like english. And animals are also have their own language to comunicate with other.
REFFERENCES
http://www.science20.com/chatter_box/blog/what_language
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/language
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/psychology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/psycholinguistic
http://www.apa.org/support/about/apa/psychology.aspx#answer.
Bloomfield,leonard.1914). An introduction to the study of language. New York: Henry Holt
and Company.
Baepler, Paul (2003). "White slaves, African masters". The ANNALS of the American
Academy of Political and Social Science 588 (1): 90–111.
Hockenbury & Hockenbury. Psychology. Worth Publishers, 2010.
Oxford dictionary
.
Name : Hendri Saputra
ReplyDeleteNim :10250021
Language is system of arbitrary, vocal symbols which permit all people, in a given culture, or other people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or to interact (Finocchioro, 1964)
Language is a system of communication by sounds, operating throught the organs of speech and hearing, among members of a given community, and using vocal symbols possessing arbitrary conventional meanings (Pei, 1966)
Language is any set or system of linguistic symbols as used in a more or less uniform fashion by a number of people who are thus enabled to communicate intelligibty with one another (Random House Dictionary of the English Language, 1966:806)
Language is asystematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of conventionalized signs, sounds, gestures, or marks having understood meanings (Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Lanhuage, 1961:1270)
LINGUISTIC is the study of language (human language). Linguistics can be nroadly broken into three categories : the study of language form (morphology, syntax, and phonology), the study of language meaning (semantics and pragmatics), and the study of language in context (evolutionary linguistics, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, language acquisition, and discourse analysis).
Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior. Grounded in scientific method, psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases, and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and can be classified as a social scientist, behavioral scientist, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring thephysiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors.
Psychologists explore such concepts as perception, cognition, attention, emotion, phenomenology, motivation, brain functioning, personality, behavior, andinterpersonal relationships. Psychologists of diverse stripes also consider the unconscious mind. Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causaland correlational relationships between psychosocial variables. In addition, or in opposition, to employing empirical and deductive methods, some—especially clinical and counseling psychologists—at times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques. Psychology incorporates research from the social and natural sciences, and from the humanities, such as philosophy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/language
Frank Parker"Linguistics for Non-Linguistics"landon
(Walt Whitman)"Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, or of dictionary makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and l...ow, close to the ground."
ReplyDeletereferences
(http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/languageterm.htm
Gene Zimmer, The word "psychology" is the combination of two terms - study (ology) and soul (psyche), or mind. The derivation of the word from Latin gives it this clear and obvious meaning:
The study of the soul or mind.
This meaning has been altered over the years until today, this is not what the word means at all. The subject of psychology, as studied in colleges and universities, currently has very little to do with the mind, and absolutely nothing to do with the soul or spirit.
It is important to understand that words and ideas are supposed to refer to something. "The large tree in the front yard" refers to an actual thing that can be seen, touched and experienced. "The man walking his little dog last night at sunset" refers to an actual event that can be seen, observed and experienced. The realm of mind is an actual realm that can be experienced, and at one time there were words that accurately referred to this realm.
references
http://www.sntp.net/psychology_definition.htm
Friedmann Pulvermüller,"Psycholinguistics has classically focused on button press tasks and reaction time experiments from which cognitive processes are being inferred. The advent of neuroimaging opened new research perspectives for the psycholinguist as it became possible to look at the neuronal mass activity that underlies language processing. Studies of brain correlates of psycholinguistic processes can complement behavioral results, and in some cases . . . can lead to direct information about the basis of psycholinguistic processes."
(Friedmann Pulvermüller, "Word Processing in the Brain as Revealed by Neurophysiological Imaging." The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics, ed. by M. Gareth Gaskell. Oxford Univ. Press, 2009)
references
http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/psycholinguisticsterm.htm
Name : Rusmala Dewi R
ReplyDeleteNim : 09250054
Language
1.
a body of words and the systems for their use common to a people who are of the same community or nation, the same geographical area, or the same cultural tradition: the two languages of Belgium; a Bantu language; the French language; the Yiddish language.
2.
communication by voice in the distinctively human manner, using arbitrary sounds in conventional ways with conventional meanings; speech.
Psycholinguistics:
Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language. Initial forays into psycholinguistics were largely philosophical ventures, due mainly to a lack of cohesive data on how the human brain functioned. Modern research makes use of biology, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, and information theory to study how the brain processes language. There are a number of subdisciplines with non-invasive techniques for studying the neurological workings of the brain; for example, neurolinguistics has become a field in its own right.
Psychology:
Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior.[1][2] Grounded in scientific method,psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases,and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society.In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and can be classified as a social scientist, behavioral scientist, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors.
references:
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/language
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycholinguistics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology
Name : Putri Saadatul Rashidah
ReplyDeleteNIM : 09250047
LANGUAGE
•Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication.( From Wikipedia )
•"Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, or of dictionary makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the ground."
(Walt Whitman)
What is the differences between animals and human language?
The difference is that humans speek using words and body language. however animals speak using body language and obnoxious noises
PSYCHOLOGY
The word psychology literally means, "the study of the soul"
What Is Psychology?
By Kendra Cherry, About.com Guide
One of the most common questions asked by students new to the study of psychology is "What is psychology?"
Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion and behavior. Applications of psychology include mental health treatment, performance enhancement, self-help, ergonomics and many other areas affecting health and daily life.
PSYCHOLINGUISTS
By Richard Nordquist, About.com Guide
"Psycholinguists study how word meaning,sentence meaning, and discourse meaning are computed and represented in the mind. They study how complex words and sentences are composed in speech and how they are broken down into their constituents in the acts of listening and reading. In short, psycholinguists seek to understand how language is done. . . .
"In general, psycholinguistic studies have revealed that many of the concepts employed in the analysis of sound structure, word structure, and sentence structure also play a role in language processing. However, an account of language processing also requires that we understand how these linguistic concepts interact with other aspects of human processing to enable language production and comprehension."
(William O'Grady, et al., Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2001)
REFERENCES
http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/languageterm.htm
http://psychology.about.com/od/psychology101/f/psychfaq.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/psycholinguisticsterm.htm http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_differences_between_animals_and_human_language
(Walt Whitman)"Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, or of dictionary makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and l...ow, close to the ground."
ReplyDeletereferences
(http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/languageterm.htm
Gene Zimmer, The word "psychology" is the combination of two terms - study (ology) and soul (psyche), or mind. The derivation of the word from Latin gives it this clear and obvious meaning:
The study of the soul or mind.
This meaning has been altered over the years until today, this is not what the word means at all. The subject of psychology, as studied in colleges and universities, currently has very little to do with the mind, and absolutely nothing to do with the soul or spirit.
It is important to understand that words and ideas are supposed to refer to something. "The large tree in the front yard" refers to an actual thing that can be seen, touched and experienced. "The man walking his little dog last night at sunset" refers to an actual event that can be seen, observed and experienced. The realm of mind is an actual realm that can be experienced, and at one time there were words that accurately referred to this realm.
references
http://www.sntp.net/psychology_definition.htm
Friedmann Pulvermüller,"Psycholinguistics has classically focused on button press tasks and reaction time experiments from which cognitive processes are being inferred. The advent of neuroimaging opened new research perspectives for the psycholinguist as it became possible to look at the neuronal mass activity that underlies language processing. Studies of brain correlates of psycholinguistic processes can complement behavioral results, and in some cases . . . can lead to direct information about the basis of psycholinguistic processes."
(Friedmann Pulvermüller, "Word Processing in the Brain as Revealed by Neurophysiological Imaging." The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics, ed. by M. Gareth Gaskell. Oxford Univ. Press, 2009)
references
http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/psycholinguisticsterm.htm
Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication. The scientific study of language in any of its senses is called linguistics.
ReplyDeletePsychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior.[1][2] Grounded in scientific method,[1][2] psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases,[3][4] and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society.[5][6] In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and can be classified as a social scientist, behavioral scientist, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors.
Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language. Initial forays into psycholinguistics were largely philosophical ventures, due mainly to a lack of cohesive data on how the human brain functioned. Modern research makes use of biology, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, and information theory to study how the brain processes language.
Reference ;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycholinguistics
LANGUAGE:(By Richard Nordquist, About.com Guide)
ReplyDeleteA human system of communication that uses arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols.Language is a subtle and complex instrument used to communicate an incredible number of different things, but for our purposes here we can reduce the universe of communication to four basic categories: information, direction, emotion, and ceremony.
PSYCHOLOGY:MNT(Medical News Today,22 june 2009)
Psychology is the science of the mind and behavior.Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion and behavior. Applications of psychology include mental health treatment, performance enhancement, self-help, ergonomics and many other areas affecting health and daily life.
The word "psychology" comes from the Greek word psyche meaning "breath, spirit, soul", and the Greek word logia meaning the study of something.
PSYCHOLINGUISTIC:By Kamil Wiśniewski, Aug. 12th, 2007
Is a branch of study which combines the disciplines of psychology and linguistics. It is concerned with the relationship between the human mind and the language as it examines the processes that occur in brain while producing and perceiving both written and spoken discourse. What is more, it is interested in the ways of storing lexical items and syntactic rules in mind, as well as the processes of memory involved in perception and interpretation of texts. Also, the processes of speaking and listening are analyzed, along with language acquisition and language disorders.
references:
http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics /psycholinguistics.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/languageterm.htm
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154874.php
http://psychology.about.com/od/psychology101/f/psychfaq.htm
http://atheism.about.com/od/criticalthinking/a/language.htm
Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication. The scientific study of language in any of its senses is called linguistics.
ReplyDeletePsychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior.[1][2] Grounded in scientific method,[1][2] psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases,[3][4] and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society.[5][6] In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and can be classified as a social scientist, behavioral scientist, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors.
Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language. Initial forays into psycholinguistics were largely philosophical ventures, due mainly to a lack of cohesive data on how the human brain functioned. Modern research makes use of biology, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, and information theory to study how the brain processes language.
Reference ;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycholinguistics
Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication. The scientific study of language in any of its senses is called linguistics.
ReplyDeletePsychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior.[1][2] Grounded in scientific method,[1][2] psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases,[3][4] and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society.[5][6] In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and can be classified as a social scientist, behavioral scientist, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors.
Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language. Initial forays into psycholinguistics were largely philosophical ventures, due mainly to a lack of cohesive data on how the human brain functioned. Modern research makes use of biology, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, and information theory to study how the brain processes language.
Reference ;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycholinguistics
Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication. The scientific study of language in any of its senses is called linguistics.
ReplyDeletePsychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior.[1][2] Grounded in scientific method,[1][2] psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases,[3][4] and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society.[5][6] In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and can be classified as a social scientist, behavioral scientist, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors.
Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language. Initial forays into psycholinguistics were largely philosophical ventures, due mainly to a lack of cohesive data on how the human brain functioned. Modern research makes use of biology, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, and information theory to study how the brain processes language.
Reference ;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycholinguistics
LANGUAGE:(By Richard Nordquist, About.com Guide)
ReplyDeleteA human system of communication that uses arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols. Language is a subtle and complex instrument used to communicate an incredible number of different things, but for our purposes here we can reduce the universe of communication to four basic categories: information, direction, emotion, and ceremony.
PSYCHOLOGY: (MNT-Medical News Today:22 Jun 2009)
Is the science of the mind and behavior. Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion and behavior. Applications of psychology include mental health treatment, performance enhancement, self-help, ergonomics and many other areas affecting health and daily life.The word "psychology" comes from the Greek word psyche meaning "breath, spirit, soul", and the Greek word logia meaning the study of something.
PSYCHOLINGUISTIC: (By Kamil Wiśniewski, Aug. 12th, 2007)
Psycholinguistics is a branch of study which combines the disciplines of psychology and linguistics. It is concerned with the relationship between the human mind and the language as it examines the processes that occur in brain while producing and perceiving both written and spoken discourse. What is more, it is interested in the ways of storing lexical items and syntactic rules in mind, as well as the processes of memory involved in perception and interpretation of texts. Also, the processes of speaking and listening are analyzed, along with language acquisition and language disorders.
references:
http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/languageterm.htm
http://psychology.about.com/od/psychology101/f/psychfaq.htm
http://atheism.about.com/od/criticalthinking/a/language.htm
http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/psycholinguistics.htm
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154874.php
LANGUAGE :
ReplyDeleteThe word "language" has at least two basic meanings: language as a general concept, and "a language" (a specific linguistic system, e.g. "French"). In French, the language used by Ferdinand de Saussure who first explicitly formulated the distinction, uses the word langage for language as a concept and langue as the specific instance of language.
PSYCHOLOGY :
Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior. Grounded in scientific method, psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases, and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and can be classified as a social scientist, behavioral scientist, or cognitive scientist.
Psycholinguistics :
Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language. Initial forays into psycholinguistics were largely philosophical ventures, due mainly to a lack of cohesive data on how the human brain functioned. Modern research makes use of biology, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, and information theory to study how the brain processes language. There are a number of subdisciplines with non-invasive techniques for studying the neurological workings of the brain; for example, neurolinguistics has become a field in its own right.
References :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language
http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/p/psycholinguistics.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycholinguistics
NAMA : Nur Azizah Zatmedika
ReplyDeleteNIM : 09250044
LANGUAGE
A language is a system of symbols, generally known as lexemes and the grammars (rules) by which they are manipulated. The word language is also used to refer to the whole phenomenon of language, i.e., the common properties of languages. Language is commonly used for communication, though it has other uses.
Language is a natural phenomenon, and language learning is common in childhood. In their usual form, human languages use patterns of sound or gesture for the symbols in order to communicate with others through the senses. Though there are thousands of human languages, they all share a number of properties from which there are no known deviations. There is no defined line between a language and a dialect, but it is often said that a language is a "dialect with an army and a navy".
Languages are not just sets of symbols. They also contain a grammar, or system of rules, used to manipulate the symbols. While a set of symbols may be used for expression or communication, it is primitive and relatively unexpressive, because there are no clear or regular relationships between the symbols. Because a language also has a grammar, it can manipulate its symbols to express clear and regular relationships between them.
Language is a means to communicate by using various symbols or words. It also involves learning the symbols or words in order to communicate efficiently.
PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion and behavior. Applications of psychology include mental health treatment, performance enhancement, self-help, ergonomics and many other areas affecting health and daily life.
PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
Definition : the study of the relationships between linguistic behaviour and psychological processes, including the process of language acquisition.
Psycholinguistics is interdisciplinary and is studied by people in a variety of fields, such as psychology, cognitive science, and linguistics. There are several subdivisions within psycholinguistics that are based on the components that make up human language.
REFERENCES:
http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Language
http://answers.reference.com/Information/Terminology/what_is_the_meaning_of_language
http://psychology.about.com/od/psychology101/f/psychfaq.htm
http://www.definition-of.net/psycholinguistics
http://teaching-direction.blogspot.com/2009/12/what-is-psycholinguistic.html
Name : Rusmala Dewi R
ReplyDeleteNim : 09250054
Language
1.
a body of words and the systems for their use common to a people who are of the same community or nation, the same geographical area, or the same cultural tradition: the two languages of Belgium; a Bantu language; the French language; the Yiddish language.
2.
communication by voice in the distinctively human manner, using arbitrary sounds in conventional ways with conventional meanings; speech.
Psycholinguistics:
Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language. Initial forays into psycholinguistics were largely philosophical ventures, due mainly to a lack of cohesive data on how the human brain functioned. Modern research makes use of biology, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, and information theory to study how the brain processes language. There are a number of subdisciplines with non-invasive techniques for studying the neurological workings of the brain; for example, neurolinguistics has become a field in its own right.
Psychology:
Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior.[1][2] Grounded in scientific method,psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases,and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society.In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and can be classified as a social scientist, behavioral scientist, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors.
references:
dictionary.reference.com.2012.language definition. Available on: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/language. Accessed on: february 7th.2012
wikipedia.org .2012.psycholinguistics definition. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycholinguistics. Accessed on: february 7th.2012
wikipedia.org .2012.psychology definition. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology. Accessed on: february 7th.2012
Name : Resti.R.
ReplyDeleteNim : 09250051
Language is a system of objects or symbols, such as sounds or character sequences, that can be combined in various ways following a set of rules, especially to communicate thoughts, feelings, or instructions. When described as a system of symbolic communication, language is traditionally seen as consisting of three parts: signs, meanings and a code connecting signs with their meanings. The study of how signs and meanings are combined, used and interpreted is called semiotics. Signs can be composed of sounds, gestures, letters or symbols, depending on whether the language is spoken, signed or written, and they can be combined into complex signs such as words and phrases. When used in communication a sign is encoded and transmitted by a sender through a channel to a receiver who decodes it (a signal).
Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior. Grounded in scientific method, psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases, and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society
Psycholinguistics is the study of the mental aspects of language and speech — a branch of both linguistics and psychology.
References :
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/language
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/articles/psychology/what_is_psychology.shtml
http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/psycholinguisticsterm.html
LANGUAGE
ReplyDeleteNordquist (2012) : grammar. about.com
Walt Whitman : Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, or of dictionary makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the ground.
Karl Kraus : Language is the mother of thought, not its handmaiden.
And then, Language is primarily an auditory system of symbols. In so far as it is articulated it is also a motor system, but the motor aspect of speech is clearly secondary to the auditory. And language is a tool for communication between human and human, or animal and animal. Every language has their own symbols, sounds and also grammar (e.g. semantic, morphology, syntax, word classes, grammatical categories, etc).
PSYCHOLOGY
Wikipedia.com (2012) : Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior. The word psychology literally means, "the study of the soul.
Mindfocus.com (2012) : Psychology is the scientific study of human and animal behavior with the object of understanding why living beings behave as they do. As almost any science, its discoveries have practical applications. As it is a rather new science, applications are sometimes confused with the science itself.
PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
Wikipedia.com (2012) : Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language.
Nordquist (2012) : grammar.about.com. The study of the mental aspects of language and speech--a branch of both linguistics and psychology.
REFERENCES
Nordquist , Richard . 2012. Language term. Available on : http://grammar. about.com /od/il/ g/languageterm.htm. Accessed on: 6th February 2012.
Wikipedia.com .2012 . Psychology. Available on : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology. Accessed on: 6th February 2012.
Wikipedia.com .2012 . Psycholinguistics. Available on : http://www.mindfocus. net/nc00100.html. Accessed on: 6th February 2012.
Richard Nordquist.2012. Psycholinguistics. Available on : http://grammar.about.com /od/ pq/g/psycholinguisticsterm.htm. Accessed on: 6th February 2012.
Name : Resti.R.
ReplyDeleteNim : 09250051
Language is a system of objects or symbols, such as sounds or character sequences, that can be combined in various ways following a set of rules, especially to communicate thoughts, feelings, or instructions. When described as a system of symbolic communication, language is traditionally seen as consisting of three parts: signs, meanings and a code connecting signs with their meanings. The study of how signs and meanings are combined, used and interpreted is called semiotics. Signs can be composed of sounds, gestures, letters or symbols, depending on whether the language is spoken, signed or written, and they can be combined into complex signs such as words and phrases. When used in communication a sign is encoded and transmitted by a sender through a channel to a receiver who decodes it (a signal).
Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior. Grounded in scientific method, psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases, and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society
Psycholinguistics is the study of the mental aspects of language and speech — a branch of both linguistics and psychology.
References :
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/language
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/articles/psychology/what_is_psychology.shtml
http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/psycholinguisticsterm.html
Language
ReplyDeleteMifflin (2005) defines language is a system of objects or symbols, such as sounds or character sequences, that can be combined in various ways following a set of rules, especially to communicate thoughts, feelings, or instructions.
Psychology
Psychology pertains to the study of mind, thought, and behaviour. Although the subject mainly studies the human behavior but the animal behavior is also studied either as a separate branch of psychology (animal cognition) or it is studied in order to gain insight into human behavior and psychology by making a comparison between the two (comparative psychology).
Psycholinguistics
Ologies & -Isms (2008) defines psycholinguistics is the study of the relationships between language and the behavioral mechanisms of its users, especially in language learning by children.
Psychology is concerned with discovering the psychological processes by which human acquire and use language (Hoit, Rinehart, and Winston, 1998, 1993)
References
Mifflin, Houghton. 2005. The American Heritage science Dictionary. Available on:
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/language.
http://www.psychologyupdates.com/definition-of-psychology.html
Ologies & -Isms. 2008....... Available on:
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/psycholinguistics
Name : Resti. R.
ReplyDeleteNim : 09250051
Language deals with the putting together of words using rules (grammar) to convey ideas. Speech is the actual verbalization of your ideas, using whatever language you want.
How is language produced
Air moves from the lungs. Sounds are produced by impeding and or interrupting the flow of air.
-b lips -s tongue behind teeth restricts air -sh tongue at palate restricts air. The vocal cords produce sounds by vibration.
Speech production; In linguistics (articulatory phonetics), manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, jaw, and other speech organs are involved in making a sound make contact. Often the concept is only used for the production of consonants. For any place of articulation, there may be several manners, and therefore several homorganic consonants. Normal human speech is produced with pulmonary pressure provided by the lungs which creates phonation in the glottis in the larynx that is then modified by the vocal tract into different vowels and consonants. However humans can pronounce words without the use of the lungs and glottis in a laryngeal speech of which there are three types: esophageal speech, pharyngeal speech and buccal speech (better known as Donald Duck talk).
References:
By: Answer.com available on: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_language_and_speech#ixzz1lxoXWsZs accessed on: February 7th 2012
By: available on: http://stuff.mit.edu/afs/athena/course/9/9.65/old/Nov5handout.PDF accessed on: February 7th 2012
By: Wikipedia.com available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech accessed on: February 7th 2012.
Name : Resti.R.
ReplyDeleteNim :09250051
Task: 2
Language deals with the putting together of words using rules (grammar) to convey ideas. Speech is the actual verbalization of your ideas, using whatever language you want.
How is language produced
Air moves from the lungs. Sounds are produced by impeding and or interrupting the flow of air.
-b lips -s tongue behind teeth restricts air -sh tongue at palate restricts air. The vocal cords produce sounds by vibration.
Speech production; In linguistics (articulatory phonetics), manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, jaw, and other speech organs are involved in making a sound make contact. Often the concept is only used for the production of consonants. For any place of articulation, there may be several manners, and therefore several homorganic consonants. Normal human speech is produced with pulmonary pressure provided by the lungs which creates phonation in the glottis in the larynx that is then modified by the vocal tract into different vowels and consonants. However humans can pronounce words without the use of the lungs and glottis in a laryngeal speech of which there are three types: esophageal speech, pharyngeal speech and buccal speech (better known as Donald Duck talk).
References:
By: Answer.com available on: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_language_and_speech#ixzz1lxoXWsZs accessed on: February 7th 2012
By: available on: http://stuff.mit.edu/afs/athena/course/9/9.65/old/Nov5handout.PDF accessed on: February 7th 2012
By: Wikipedia.com available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech accessed on: February 7th 2012
Nama : Resti. R.
ReplyDeleteNim : 09250051
Task: 1
Dictionary.com (2009) : Language is
1. a body of words and the systems for their use common to a people who are of the same community or nation, the same geographical area, or the same cultural tradition.
2. communication by voice in the distinctively human manner, using arbitrary sounds in conventional ways with conventional meanings; speech.
3. the system of linguistic signs or symbols considered in the abstract ( opposed to speech).
4. any set or system of such symbols as used in a more or less uniform fashion by a number of people, who are thus enabled to communicate intelligibly with one another.
5. any system of formalized symbols, signs, sounds, gestures, or the like used or conceived as a means of communicating thought, emotion, etc.: the language of mathematics; sign language.
BBC home.com (2012) Psychology is the science of the mind. The human mind is the most complex machine on Earth. It is the source of all thought and behaviour.
Nordquist, Richard (2012) Psycholinguistic is The study of the mental aspects of language and speech--a branch of both linguistics and psychology.
References:
Dictionary.com.(2009).Language available on: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/language accessed on: February 6th 2012
BBChome.com.(2012).Psychology available on: http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/articles/psychology/what_is_psychology.shtml accessed on: February 6th 2012
Nordquist, Richard. (2012) available on: http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/psycholinguisticsterm.html accessed on: February 6th 2012
Task 1 : 06 Feb 2012
ReplyDeleteLanguage,Psychology, and Psycholinguistics
Language
Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, or of dictionary makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the ground."
(Walt Whitman)
Language is vested in culture and the origin of spoken language is as old as humanity itself. We could well imagine people from the distant past living in families with a particular spoken tongue clustering together to form a clan. Geographically together in security and subsistence they would harmonize as a culture, protecting it with all their power to survive in a world as it was known to them and not very much different from the same principles philosophized today.
Today we are aware of spoken languages that has become extinct mainly because the people of that culture, were incorporated or annihilated by others. We also know that all modern languages have its origin in similar older versions of somewhat different vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation e.g. Old English, Old German, Orthodox Greek, etc. and Latin, who now is not used as a spoken language, any more but has richly contributed to so many languages and for that matter cultures.
What then would be the definition of language? Language is a way to communicate ideas comprehensibly from one person to another in such a way that the other will be able to act exactly accordingly. The transportation of such ideas could be acquired by either verbal expression, signing in alphabet (written word) and perhaps if we can imagine two parties with different tongue, signing with gestures and images.
Psychology
The word Psychology is made of two ancient Greek words – psyche meaning soul and logos meaning word. Thus, Psychology pertains to the study of mind, thought, and behaviour. Although the subject mainly studies the human behavior but the animal behavior is also studied either as a separate branch of psychology (animal cognition) or it is studied in order to gain insight into human behavior and psychology by making a comparison between the two (comparative psychology). Wilhelm Wundt was the first person to call himself a “psychologist”, and he opened the first psychological laboratory in 1879 and it is only recently that Psychology has developed as a separate discipline and science.
It must be observed that Psychology does not study brain or nervous system as such but rather it is studied in terms of phenomenological or information processing theories of mind. However, in the recent past psychology has included a deeper understanding of brain function both in psychological theory and practice, especially in the fields of cognitive neuroscience, neuropsychology and artificial intelligence.
Psycholinguistics
the study of the mental faculties involved in the perception, production, and acquisition of language. Study of the mental processes involved in the comprehension, production, and acquisition of language. Much psycholinguistic work has been devoted to the learning of language by children and on speech processing and comprehension by both children and adults. Traditional areas of research include language production, language comprehension, language acquisition, language disorders, language and thought, and neurocognition.
This entry comes from Encyclopædia Britannica Concise.
For the full entry on psycholinguistics, visit Britannica.com. access on 17.40.
References
http://www.answers.com/topic/sociolinguistics
http://www.psychologyupdates.com/definition-of-psychology.html
http://www.answers.com/topic/language
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/language
Language
ReplyDelete1.
a body of words and the systems for their use common to a people who are of the same community or nation, the same geographical area, or the same cultural tradition: the two languages of Belgium; a Bantu language; the French language; the Yiddish language.
2.
communication by voice in the distinctively human manner, using arbitrary sounds in conventional ways with conventional meanings; speech.
Psycholinguistics:
Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce language. Initial forays into psycholinguistics were largely philosophical ventures, due mainly to a lack of cohesive data on how the human brain functioned. Modern research makes use of biology, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, and information theory to study how the brain processes language. There are a number of subdisciplines with non-invasive techniques for studying the neurological workings of the brain; for example, neurolinguistics has become a field in its own right.
Psychology:
Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior.[1][2] Grounded in scientific method,psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases,and for many it ultimately aims to benefit society.In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist, and can be classified as a social scientist, behavioral scientist, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors.
References:
dictionary.reference.com.2012.language definition. Available on: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/language. Accessed on: february 7th.2012
wikipedia.org .2012.psycholinguistics definition. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycholinguistics. Accessed on: february 7th.2012
wikipedia.org .2012.psychology definition. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology. Accessed on: february 7th.2012
Language
ReplyDeleteLanguage is expression of the sound and has meaning. It is purely human of communicating ideas and emotions by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols. (Edward sapir)
Psychology
Psychology is the science that have relation to how people think and act in their environment . it’s called a science because it uses scientific methods in analyzing people’s behavior. Posted 04 august 2011 by Admin.
Psycholinguistic
Psycholinguistic draws on ideas and knowledge from a number of associated areas, such as phonetics, semantics and pure linguistic. There is a constant exchange of information between psycholinguistics and those working in neurolinguistics, who study how language is represented in the brain. (John field)
References:
Admin.answer.com.available on:http://www.bartleby.com/186/1.html.access on 6 february 2012.
Fieldjohn.2003.psycholinguistics.available on:http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/psycholinguisticsterm.htm.access on 6 february 2012.
SapirEdward.1921.language.available on:http://definepsychology.org/how-to-define-and-its-branches.access on 6 february 2012.
LANGUAGE, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
ReplyDeleteLanguage
According Keraf in Smarapradhipa
providing two language understanding.
1.Language as stated means of communication between members of the public in the form of a symbol of the sound produced by the tool man said.
2.Language is a communication system that uses symbols vocal (speech sounds) that are arbitrary.
PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion and behavior. Applications of psychology include mental health treatment, performance enhancement, self-help, ergonomics and many other areas affecting health and daily life.
Areas of Psychology
Psychology is a broad and diverse field. A number of different subfields and specialty areas have emerged. The following are some of the major areas of research and application within psychology:
• Abnormal Psychology is the study of abnormal behavior and psychopathology. mental disorderspsychotherapy
• Biological Psychology, also known as biopsychology, studies how biological processes influence the mind and behavior. This area is closely linked to neuroscience and utilizes tools such as MRI and PET scans to look at brain injury or brain abnormalities.
• Social Psychology is a discipline that uses scientific methods to study social influence, social perception and social interaction. Social psychology studies diverse subjects including group behavior, social perception, leadership, nonverbal behavior, conformity, aggression and prejudice
Psycholinguistic
Psycholinguistics is a branch of study which combines the disciplines of psychology and linguistics. It is concerned with the relationship between the human mind and the language as it examines the processes that occur in brain while producing and perceiving both written and spoken discourse.
REFERENCES
Wisniewski, Kamil.2007.Psycholinguistis. Available on: http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/psycholinguistics.htm. Accessed on: February 9th, 2012.
Hidayatullah, Syarif.2009.Apa itu bahasa. Available on: http://wismasastra.wordpress.com/2009/05/25/apa-bahasa-itu-sepuluh-pengertian-bahasa-menurut-para-ahli/. Accessed on: February 9th, 2012.
NAMA: Nur Azizah Zatmedika
ReplyDeleteNIM : 09250044
A. LANGUAGE
A language is a system of symbols, generally known as lexemes and the grammars (rules) by which they are manipulated. The word language is also used to refer to the whole phenomenon of language, i.e., the common properties of languages. Language is commonly used for communication, though it has other uses.
Language is a natural phenomenon, and language learning is common in childhood. In their usual form, human languages use patterns of sound or gesture for the symbols in order to communicate with others through the senses. Though there are thousands of human languages, they all share a number of properties from which there are no known deviations. There is no defined line between a language and a dialect, but it is often said that a language is a "dialect with an army and a navy".
Languages are not just sets of symbols. They also contain a grammar, or system of rules, used to manipulate the symbols. While a set of symbols may be used for expression or communication, it is primitive and relatively unexpressive, because there are no clear or regular relationships between the symbols. Because a language also has a grammar, it can manipulate its symbols to express clear and regular relationships between them.
Language is a means to communicate by using various symbols or words. It also involves learning the symbols or words in order to communicate efficiently.
B. PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion and behavior. Applications of psychology include mental health treatment, performance enhancement, self-help, ergonomics and many other areas affecting health and daily life.
C. PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
Definition: the study of the relationships between linguistic behaviour and psychological processes, including the process of language acquisition.
Psycholinguistics is interdisciplinary and is studied by people in a variety of fields, such as psychology, cognitive science, and linguistics. There are several subdivisions within psycholinguistics that are based on the components that make up human language.
REFERENCES:
http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Language
http://answers.reference.com/Information/Terminology/what_is_the_meaning_of_language
http://psychology.about.com/od/psychology101/f/psychfaq.htm
http://www.definition-of.net/psycholinguistics
http://teaching-direction.blogspot.com/2009/12/what-is-psycholinguistic.html
NAMA : Nur Azizah Zatmedika
ReplyDeleteNIM : 09250044
A. LANGUAGE
A language is a system of symbols, generally known as lexemes and the grammars (rules) by which they are manipulated. The word language is also used to refer to the whole phenomenon of language, i.e., the common properties of languages. Language is commonly used for communication, though it has other uses.
Language is a natural phenomenon, and language learning is common in childhood. In their usual form, human languages use patterns of sound or gesture for the symbols in order to communicate with others through the senses. Though there are thousands of human languages, they all share a number of properties from which there are no known deviations. There is no defined line between a language and a dialect, but it is often said that a language is a "dialect with an army and a navy".
Languages are not just sets of symbols. They also contain a grammar, or system of rules, used to manipulate the symbols. While a set of symbols may be used for expression or communication, it is primitive and relatively unexpressive, because there are no clear or regular relationships between the symbols. Because a language also has a grammar, it can manipulate its symbols to express clear and regular relationships between them.
Language is a means to communicate by using various symbols or words. It also involves learning the symbols or words in order to communicate efficiently.
B. PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion and behavior. Applications of psychology include mental health treatment, performance enhancement, self-help, ergonomics and many other areas affecting health and daily life.
C. PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
Definition: the study of the relationships between linguistic behaviour and psychological processes, including the process of language acquisition.
Psycholinguistics is interdisciplinary and is studied by people in a variety of fields, such as psychology, cognitive science, and linguistics. There are several subdivisions within psycholinguistics that are based on the components that make up human language.
REFERENCES:
http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Language
http://answers.reference.com/Information/Terminology/what_is_the_meaning_of_language
http://psychology.about.com/od/psychology101/f/psychfaq.htm
http://www.definition-of.net/psycholinguistics
http://teaching-direction.blogspot.com/2009/12/what-is-psycholinguistic.html