Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant. When you're reading in preparation for an essay or for understanding generally, remember that good reading strategies go hand-in-hand with good note-takingskills. Efficient reading starts with choosing a strategy to suit the kind of text you have to read because your purpose in reading and the nature of text to be read will determine your strategy. Your purpose in reading might be to: gather information for an essay learn about a particular topic or understand a particular theory prepare for an exam
Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. Efficient reading starts with choosing a strategy to suit the kind of text you have to read because your purpose in reading and the nature of text to be read will determine your strategy. Your purpose in reading might be to: gather information for an essay learn about a particular topic or understand a particular theory prepare for an exam (akkanan, 2011) effective reading is defined by habits and behaviors of students while they read. For example, teaching students how to make predictions based off of a text, or how to generate summarizations of what was read. that behaviors such as these become vitally important in the process of developing the habits of effective readers. effective reading is one of way which you read. It is not always necessary (or indeed a good idea) to read everything in full. You simply don’t have the time. It is also important that you develop the skill of identifying the main idea in a text without wading through it in detail and avoid spending a long time looking up words in the dictionary. (amazon.com, 2005)Effective Instructional Strategies: From Theory to Practice is a concise and easy-to-read teaching methods text. It covers all of the practical information about teaching that effective teachers need. Applying the latest research findings and practical classroom practices, it provides thorough coverage of the strategies and skills essential to every teacher’s repertoire.
Uni learning (2000), Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant. When you're reading in preparation for an essay or for understanding generally, remember that good reading strategies go hand-in-hand with good note-taking skills.
(Torgesen, 1998) have found that effective early reading instruction for at-risk, struggling readers consists of small-group or individual instruction delivered by a highly trained teacher. A highly trained teacher would explicitly and systematically teach critical early reading skills in a balanced reading program (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000). An example is a small group lesson during language arts instruction using magnetic letters to build decodable words from a story and manipulating the letters to make new words. Researchers (e.g., Snow et al., 1998) have identified the following skills as necessary for developing reading competence for all children: • phonemic awareness (i.e., the insight that language is made of individual sounds), • concepts about print (e.g., book handling skills, purposes for reading), • understanding the alphabetic principle (i.e., the connection between letters and speech sounds), • decoding strategies (e.g., blending sounds, using analogies), • reading fluency (i.e., reading quickly and accurately with expression), and • comprehension strategies (e.g., using background knowledge to understand a passage). Without these early skills, a reader cannot understand and construct meaning from text, which is the goal of reading. Learning Uni (2000), How to read efficiently. Available on:Comments and questions should http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html be directed toUnilearning@uow.edu.au . Accessed on 29 March 2012. Torgesen(1998).Effectivereadinginstruction.Available on:http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/6363/. Accessed on 29 March 2012.
1. Theory of Efficient Reading - Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. - It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant.
There are six methods for efficient reading. • Read the title and the inntroduction. • Read the conclusion. • Read any headings, sub-hedings and words in bold or italics. • Read the topic sentence for each paragraph. • Brain storm all the information you can remember from the article. • If relevant read the article in depth. - Efficient reading starts with choosing a strategy to suit the kind of text you have to read because your purpose in reading and the nature of text to be read will determine your strategy. Your purpose in reading might be to : • gather information for an essay. • learn about a particular topic or understand a particular theory • prepare for an exam.
Theory of Effective Reading Reading is not simply a matter of starting at the beginning and going on until you reach the end. If you want to gain something from your reading, you need to read actively, not passively. you must know why you are reading it, and you should not always need to understand every single word.
1. Up till now, when reading English, - you have probably been given a passage to read with questions to answer at the end. - You have concentrated on reading accurately in order to answer the questions correctly. - You probably felt that you needed to know the meaning of every word. Moreover, - you probably felt that in order to understand the passage properly, you had to translate every sentence into Japanese. But at university, your goal should not be to read in order to get good marks in the classroom or in tests. You need to learn how to use English-language sources efficiently and effectively for your own purposes.
There are Two rules for effective reading : a. Do not use a dictionary unless you really have to. b. When you read something in English, you should try to understand it in English, and not translate it into Indonesia. There are six step to more effective reading. • Feeling righ about reading.. • Develop to 3 Rs of reading. • Become a more selective reader. • Become a smarter reader. • Become a more focused and faster reader. • Become a more active reader. http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html http://web.hc.keio.ac.jp/~hjb/4_6_4reading.html
ncte.org (2004). Effective instruction is grounded in a professional knowledge of how we read and how we learn to read. It is best provided by knowledgeable, caring teachers who organize instruction to meet the varying needs of all their students. Effective Reading Strategies
Addison. 2012. The following are a few tips on how to get the most out of your reading: • Don't wait until the last minute; give yourself plenty of time to read your material. • Establish an atmosphere conducive to maximum concentration. This will vary depending on personal preferences. • Look over materials before delving into them, noting headings, bold-faced words, charts, and summaries. Skim introductions and conclusions. By previewing materials, you can develop a sense of the overall point(s) it is presenting. • Use the questions at the beginnings or ends of chapters as study guides to help focus your reading. • Read everything, including those introductions and conclusions you skimmed. • Look up words you don't know. • Try one or more of the following methods of note taking: o Glossing: after reading a passage or section, summarize the main ideas in your own words. This can be done in a notebook, or in the margins of your book (if you own it). o Outlining: using the author's order or your own, write down the key ideas. Use phrases and abbreviations to keep it short. Use whatever system of numbering or lettering you prefer. o Synthesizing chart: chart key information when you are trying to pull together information from more than one source. • Instead of highlighting or underlining in your text, take notes in the margins or in a separate notebook. This will give you the important information at a glance.
The Commission on Reading of the National Council of Teachers of English. 2012. Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant.
monash.edu.au . 2012. Efficient reading strategies Skimming Sometimes you need to get the general idea or gist of a text. The way to do this is not by reading every word. Skimming is the sort of reading which would be appropriate if your tutor asked you to read several books and articles for the next tutorial. Scanning You skim read material to get the general picture. To find out precise information you will need to practise the technique of scanning. You may need to find out specific details of a topic for an assignment or a task that your lecturer has set. Detailed reading Some subjects such as law subjects and literature, for example, require a very detailed understanding from the student. This kind of reading is always more time consuming, but can be combined with skimming and scanning for greater efficiency. Revision reading This involves reading rapidly through material with which you are already familiar, in order to confirm knowledge and understanding. Maybe summarise main points on to small system cards (these can be bought at any newsagent's and then be carried around).
REFERENCES ncte.org. 2004. Effective Reading. Available on: http://www.ncte.org/positions/statements/onreading. Accessed on: 28 March 2012. Addison, Amy. 2012. Effective Reading Strategies. Available on: http://writing2.richmond.edu/writing/wweb/effread.html. Accessed on: 28 March 2012. National Council. Efficient reading strategies. Available on: http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html. Accessed on: 28 March 2012. monash.edu.au . 2012. Efficient reading strategies. Available on: http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/quickrefs/12-efficient-reading.xml. Accessed on: 28 March 2012.
The reading process involves two separate but highly interrelated areas - word identification and comprehension. It is well established that difficulties in automatic word recognition significantly affect a reader's ability to effectively comprehend what they are reading (Lyon, 1995; Torgeson, Rashotte, and Alexander, 2001). Even mild difficulties in word identification can pull attention away from the underlying meaning, reduce the speed of reading, and create the need to reread selections to grasp the meaning. Many students who struggle to learn to read are able, with appropriate instruction, to compensate for initial reading problems by becoming accurate decoders but fail to reach a level of sufficient fluency to become fast and efficient readers. Thus, the development of techniques for improving automaticity and fluency is critical. Although the research is clear that a systematic alphabetic approach to teaching beginning readers is more effective than a whole word approach (Adams, 1990; Chall, 1996; Snow, Burns and Griffin, 1009), the most effect ways to develop fluency are less well understood. Although current research has given us some direction about effective methods for increasing fluency (National Reading Panel, 2000), further systematic research is needed to give us more comprehensive answers to questions concerning the best methodologies, types of materials, and length/intensity of interventions necessary for optimal gains. The purpose of this article is to suggest some techniques that are consistent with the research and have been found to be either clinically effective or logically appropriate.
Efficient reading starts with choosing a strategy to suit the kind of text you have to read because your purpose in reading and the nature of text to be read will determine your strategy. Your purpose in reading might be to:
gather information for an essay learn about a particular topic or understand a particular theory prepare for an exam
In all of these cases, the nature of the text will help you decide how to read. The strategies for reading a text book, for example, are different from those used when reading journal articles.
Name: Fatimah Y. Sari SN : 09 250016 THE THEORY OF EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE READING
1. Theory of Efficient Reading Efficient reading is active. Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant. There are six method for more efficient reading. • Read the title and the inntroduction. • Read the conclusion. • Read any headings, sub-hedings and words in bold or italics. • Read the topic sentence for each paragraph. • Brain storm all the information you can remember from the article. • If relevant read the article in depth. Efficient reading starts with choosing a strategy to suit the kind of text you have to read because your purpose in reading and the nature of text to be read will determine your strategy. Your purpose in reading might be to: • gather information for an essay. • learn about a particular topic or understand a particular theory • prepare for an exam.
2. Theory of Effective Reading Reading is the communication of an idea via a certain channel, using a certain code. There are two rules for effective reading. a. Do not use a dictionary unless you really have to. b. When you read something in English, you should try to understand it in English, and not translate it into Indonesia. There are six step to more effective reading. • Feeling right about reading.. • Develop to 3 Rs of reading. • Become a more selective reader. • Become a smarter reader. • Become a more focused and faster reader. • Become a more active reader.
According to Daniel Scocco (2010) Efficient is performing or funcitioning in the best possible manner with the least waste of time and effort. from the definition, it can assumed that efficient reading is reading a text to get the gist of the text or to get the information that we want to get well and quickly or do not waste a lot of time. Furthermore, Daniel Scocco (2010) also defines Effective as adequate to accomplish a purpose, producing the intended or expected result. from the definition, it can assumed that effective reading is reading a text to get the gist of the text or to get the information that we want to get.
Addopted from : Scocco,Danniel. (2010). Effective Vs. Efficient: Do You Know The Difference? from : http://www.dailyblogtips.com/effective-vs-efficient-difference/
According to Pamela E. Hook and Sandra D. Jones. (2002) ”Effective reading comprehension requires not only accurate reading skills but also automatic and fluent reading ability. Many struggling readers have difficulty moving to a level of automaticity and fluency that allows them to easily comprehend what they are reading.” So it can be conclude that: effective reading is the reading that the purposed is to make the reader become easier to comprehend what they are reading, and the reader must be able read fluently. According to ASA (2009). "efficient reading is the reading involves gaining meaning from the printed word, understanding the meaning it carries. and involves both getting a particular task done, and doing it with maximum output for the minimum input of resources.” So it can be conclude that efficient reading is the reading that not only to read the text but also to know the meaning of the text and to get particular task. References: ASA. 2009. Efficient Reading. Available on: http://asa-2009.blogspot.com/2012/03/efficient-reading.html. Assessed on Thursday, 19th of April 2012 E. Hook, Pamela and Sandra D. Jones. 2002. The Importance of Automaticity and Fluency For Efficient Reading Comprehension. Available on: http://www.resourceroom.net/readspell/2002_automaticity.asp. Assessed on Thursday , 19th of April 2012
The theories of effective and efficient reading According to Christine Nuttal (2000:44) Efficiency means using the least effort to obtain satisfactory results;we want the students to use their time and energy to best effect.But understanding is not the only criterion for efficient reading; another is the time taken to read. It can assumed that efficien reading is read quickly with the good result. Futhermore On unilearning(2000) Effective means we are able to comprehend, or understand, what we read while we read. Effective Reading, we focus on being able to read quickly while still, consciously, comprehending the material being read. It can assumed that effective reading means read read quickly and can comprehens the text that have been read.
References: Adopted from Nuttal, Christine. (Augusut 2007) Efficient Reading Retrieved on : (http://www.fsrd.itb.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/6-Lyli.pdf). Accessed on: 19 April 2012. Adopted from Unilearning .(june 2000) Effective Reading Retrieved on : https://effectivereading.com/public_home.php?. Accessed on: 19 April 2012.
According to Unilearning (2009), efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. So, it can be said that in effective reading we should have a clear purpose in mind so that we only read the material that is relevant to our purpose or we can say this type reading fast. Moreover, RMIT University give some methods on how to read effectively by following the steps :
1. Read the title and the introduction. 2. Read the conclusion. 3. Read any headings, sub-headings and words in bold or italics. 4. Read the topic sentence for each paragraph (usually the first or second sentence). 5. Brainstorm all the information you can remember from the article. 6. Write down all key words you can remember. 7. Draw diagrams or illustrations
Effective reading
According to Branford University, there are six steps to more effective reading. The steps are : 1. Feeling right about reading 2. Develop the 3Rs of reading (reading to review, reveal, and remind) 3. Become a more selective reader 4. Become a smarter reader 5. Become a more focused (and faster) reader 6. Become a more active reader
So, it can be conluded that effective reading is reading in order to comprehend and understand what we have read during reading.
Adopted from : Brandford University. Six steps to effective reading.Retieved from : http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/management/external/els/pdf/sixstepstoeffectivereading.pdf. Accessed on: April, 19th 2012
RMIT University. (February, 2007). Efficient Reading. Retrieved from : www.rmit.edu.au/studyandlearningcentre/. Accessed on: April, 19th 2012
Unilearning. (2009). Reading Efficiently.Retrieved from: http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1b.html. Accessed on: April, 19th 2012
Efficient reading According to Andy Gillett, efficient Reading is reading involves the use of the eyes and the brain. In order to read fast, the reader need to use more of their brain. So, reading fast means reading efficiently. It can be concluded that efficient reading means the readers read in short of time, they do not waste the time. So in efficient reading the readers only read the purpose of the reading itself.
Effective reading According to effective reading centre, Inc (2008), effective reading focuses on being able to read quickly while still, consciously, comprehending the material being read. It can be concluded that effective reading is the ability to comprehend, or understand, what we read while reading.
Adopted from: Gillett, Andy. Reading skill for academic study. Retrieved from: http://www.uefap.com/reading/readfram.htm. Accessed on April, 19th 2012
Effective reading centre, Inc.(2008). Effective reading. Retrieved from: https://effectivereading.com/public_home.php?. Accessed on April, 19th 2012
Another explanation of why Hispanic limited English proficient students have difficulty reading English is that they are not getting the type and quality of reading instruction they need. Many researchers (e.g., Torgesen, 1998) have found that effective early reading instruction for at-risk, struggling readers consists of small-group or individual instruction delivered by a highly trained teacher. A highly trained teacher would explicitly and systematically teach critical early reading skills in a balanced reading program (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000). An example is a small group lesson during language arts instruction using magnetic letters to build decodable words from a story and manipulating the letters to make new words. For example, the child could manipulate letters to build cat and then to change cat to rat, change rat to mat, sat, fat, fan, and then to man or alternatively, building the Spanish word "gato" and changing it to "pato," "pavo," "tio," and "rio" after a guided reading of the story.
Researchers (e.g., Snow et al., 1998) have identified the following skills as necessary for developing reading competence for all children:
phonemic awareness (i.e., the insight that language is made of individual sounds), concepts about print (e.g., book handling skills, purposes for reading), understanding the alphabetic principle (i.e., the connection between letters and speech sounds), decoding strategies (e.g., blending sounds, using analogies), reading fluency (i.e., reading quickly and accurately with expression), and comprehension strategies (e.g., using background knowledge to understand a passage).
Without these early skills, a reader cannot understand and construct meaning from text, which is the goal of reading. Possible solutions
By providing young Spanish-speaking children with high-quality reading instruction in the language in which they need it (i.e., their dominant language), teachers should be able to help them learn to read without experiencing failure. By teaching the essential elements of successful reading in the child's first language, teachers will be supporting the development of the child's first language cognitive academic language proficiency, which will then transfer both to acquiring English as a second language (ESL) and to developing English literacy skills. Even if children receive their primary reading instruction in English in a submersion or ESL program, there is theoretical and research support for providing supplemental instruction in the first language. However, this first-language instruction needs to be the most effective (i.e., explicit and systematic) and focused on the essential skills of reading. Without effective teaching and a rich, supportive language environment, evidence shows that young struggling readers will continue to fail (e.g., Gersten, Brengelman, & Jimenez, 1994; Lyon, 1999).
Effective teaching for children who speak Spanish and who are struggling to learn to read can be provided in an intensive individual Spanish-language tutoring experience. One such tutoring program that provides intensive instruction in Spanish is called Descubriendo la Lectura (DLL), an application of Reading Recovery (RR) in Spanish (Escamilla & Andrade, 1992). Reading Recovery is a short-term intervention program developed for monolingual readers experiencing difficulty (see Clay, 1993) that has been successful in preventing and remediating reading difficulties in first graders.
According to Uni Learning (2000), defines efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows the readers to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. From the definition, it can be assummed that the technique for the reader to get the better comprehend the writer’s text / massage fastly without speding much time in the process. You can use skimming and scanning to build up background knowledge and to select what to read.
According to Effective Reading Centers INC (2008), effective reading is the way of reading that makes the readers are able to comprehend, or understand, what they read while the reading process occurs and the process of reading to get the main idea that the reader needed o. It can be concluded one of way which the reader can understand what they read during the process. the process when you want to get information from the text which the reader need. And purpose to develop your skill of identifying the main idea in a text without wading through it in detail and avoid spending time to find words in the dictionary.
Adopted from :Uni learning.(2000).how to read efficiently. Retrieved from : http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html Adopted from : effective reading center INC.(2008).effective reading. Retrieved from : https://effectivereading.com/public_home.php
Simon Greenall and Michael Swan (1986:1) state that Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. From the definition, so l can conclude that efficient reading is you read quickly without wasting your time, it mean that you read directly without many process that can wasting your time.
Simon Greenall and Michael Swan (1986:1) state that effective reading means being able to read accurately and efficiently, and to understand as much of passage as you need in order to achieve your purpose. From the definition, we can conclude that effective reading is we read accurately and efficient to get mind idea from the passage in order to achieve your reading purpose.
References :
adopted by : Greenall, Simon and Michael Swan (1986). Effective Reading: Reading Skills for Advanced Students, Volume 2.
Uni learning (2000), Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that only read material that is relevant. From the definition, it can assummed in a way that allows to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading. Torgesen (1998) have found that effective early reading instruction for at-risk, struggling readers consists of small-group or individual instruction delivered by a highly trained teacher. An example is a small group lesson during language arts instruction using magnetic letters to build decodable words from a story and manipulating the letters to make new words. It can assummed that effective reading an active process to lesson. The meanings student get understand in learning for example make a small group to study in the class. References Learning Uni (2000), How to read efficiently. Available on:Comments and questions should http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html be directed toUnilearning@uow.edu.au . Accessed on 29 March 2012. Torgesen(1998).Effectivereadinginstruction.Available on:http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/6363/. Accessed on 29 March 2012.
According to Pritchard (2007: 33) Effective reading is you have to read with a purpose, with a plan and with concentration. From the definition, it can assume that effective reading is used to read important material; the material has a context and meaning that the reader is going to remember it in their mind. And, according to Michael Simkins (September 2009: 1) Efficient readers do not stop and decode each and every word. From the definition, it means that efficient reading is reading the material but the reader hasn’t much time to do this and the reader can understand the writer’s message in the short time.
Adopted from: Simkins, Michael.(2009). Do kids still need to learn them? What's the role of memorization in 21st century learning?. Retrieved from: http://www.hotchalk.com/mydesk/index.php/editorial/124-practical-tips-and-tools/728-facts-do-kids-still-need-to-learn-them-whats-the-role-of-memorization -in-21st-century-learning (Monday, 07 September 2009 09:30).
According to Nurudin Jauhari, efficient reading is when us read a text enough once read and we have known or understand what the text content, and we read do not always repeat and repeat, and efficient reading more related with time we can know or understand content from a text with a little time and once read that’s a meaning efficient reading While effective reading is when us read a book or text because we will get effect from reading itself, example if us often read, unaware we get skill run the eye over or fast in reading, besides perhaps we also will obtain an knowledge from us read that’s one of the effect from reading. Adapted from :Jauhari, Nurudin(January 16th, 2011) Effective and Efficient reading. Retrieved from: http://ahmadnasrudinillah.blogdetik.com/category/pendidikan/ In my opinion, Efficient reading is about reading in a way that we understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. And Effective reading is a reading that able to comprehend, or understand, what we read while we read.We focus on being able to read quickly while still, consciously, comprehending the material being read
According to Manisha, Efficient reading refers to doing in a right manner. From the definition, it can assumed that efficient reading focuses on the process for doing something in a right manner or way. So that, we have to do a process for getting the result. According to Manisha, Effective reading is about doing the right thing at the end. From the definition, it can assumed that effective reading focuses at the end of doing something. As we know that, We have been do more better in long term for getting the result at the end . We must be success at the end of doing something, without thinking the process of doing something.
Adopted from : Manisha. (2011). Difference between efficient and effective reading. Retrieved from : http://www.differencebetween.net/business/difference-between-efficiency-and-effectiveness/. Accessed on : 19 April 2012
According to Manisha, Efficient reading refers to doing in a right manner. From the definition, it can assumed that efficient reading focuses on the process for doing something in a right manner or way. So that, we have to do a process for getting the result.
According to Manisha, Effective reading is about doing the right thing at the end. From the definition, it can assumed that effective reading focuses at the end of doing something. As we know that, We have been do more better in long term for getting the result at the end . We must be success at the end of doing something, without thinking the process of doing something.
Adopted from : Manisha. (2011). Difference between efficient and effective reading. Retrieved from : http://www.differencebetween.net/business/difference-between-efficiency-and-effectiveness/. Accessed on : 19 April 2012
The theories of effective and efficient reading According to Christine Nuttal (2000:44) Efficiency means using the least effort to obtain satisfactory results;we want the students to use their time and energy to best effect.But understanding is not the only criterion for efficient reading; another is the time taken to read. It can assumed that efficien reading is read quickly with the good result. Futhermore On unilearning(2000) Effective means we are able to comprehend, or understand, what we read while we read. Effective Reading, we focus on being able to read quickly while still, consciously, comprehending the material being read. It can assumed that effective reading means read read quickly and can comprehens the text that have been read.
References: Adopted from Nuttal, Christine. (Augusut 2007) Efficient Reading Retrieved on : (http://www.fsrd.itb.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/6-Lyli.pdf). Accessed on: 19 April 2012. Adopted from Unilearning .(june 2000) Effective Reading Retrieved on : https://effectivereading.com/public_home.php?. Accessed on: 19 April 2012.
according to NCTE (2004) Effective reading instruction helps learners make sense of written language. It builds on what learners know at any given time to help them learn more. Effective instruction is grounded in a professional knowledge of how we read and how we learn to read. it is best provided by knowledgeable, caring teachers who organize instruction to meet the varying needs of all their students. Teachers provide effective reading instruction when they: • Expect all students to achieve. • Know their students as individuals, including their interests, their attitudes about reading, and their school, home, and community experiences. • Read to students daily using a variety of text types, including various types of fiction and non fiction and multicultural literature, on a variety of topics to build their students’ familiarity with written language and their background knowledge on a variety of topics. from the definiton, it can be assumed that effective reading is the learners read more and more so that the learners know their reading’s capability.
adopted from: NCTE(2004).Effective Reading Instruction. retrieved from: http://www.ncte.org/positions/statements/onreading. Accessed on: Thursday, march 29th 2012
UNI learning (2000), efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant. When you're reading in preparation for an essay or for understanding generally, remember that good reading strategies go hand-in-hand with good note-taking skills. Efficient reading starts with choosing a strategy to suit the kind of text you have to read because your purpose in reading and the nature of text to be read will determine your strategy. Your purpose in reading might be to: _ Gather information for an essay _ learn about a particular topic or understand a particular theory _ prepare for an exam based on the definition, it can be assumed that efficient reading is read a text and make you understand about writer’s message without spend much time.
adopted from: Unilearning(2000). Reading efficiently . retrieved from:http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html. Accessed on: Thursday, march 29th 2012
Name : Dona Febriyanti NIM : 09250013 According to Nurudin Jauhari, efficient reading is when us read a text enough once read and we have known or understand what the text content, and we read do not always repeat and repeat, and efficient reading more related with time we can know or understand content from a text with a little time and once read that’s a meaning efficient reading While effective reading is when us read a book or text because we will get effect from reading itself, example if us often read, unaware we get skill run the eye over or fast in reading, besides perhaps we also will obtain an knowledge from us read that’s one of the effect from reading.
Adapted from :Jauhari, Nurudin(January 16th, 2011) Effective and Efficient reading. Retrieved from: http://ahmadnasrudinillah.blogdetik.com/category/pendidikan/
In my opinion, Efficient reading is about reading in a way that we understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. And Effective reading is a reading that able to comprehend, or understand, what we read while we read.We focus on being able to read quickly while still, consciously, comprehending the material being read
Uni learning (2000), Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that only read material that is relevant. From the definition, it can assummed in a way that allows to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading. Torgesen (1998) have found that effective early reading instruction for at-risk, struggling readers consists of small-group or individual instruction delivered by a highly trained teacher. An example is a small group lesson during language arts instruction using magnetic letters to build decodable words from a story and manipulating the letters to make new words. It can assummed that effective reading an active process to lesson. The meanings student get understand in learning for example make a small group to study in the class. References Learning Uni (2000), How to read efficiently. Available on:Comments and questions should http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html be directed toUnilearning@uow.edu.au . Accessed on 29 March 2012. Torgesen(1998).Effectivereadinginstruction.Available on:http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/6363/. Accessed on 29 March 2012.
The theory of efficient and affective reading Jauhari,nurudin (2010) defined effective reading is when us read a book or text because we will get effect from reading itself, example if us often read, unaware we get skill run the eye over or fast in reading, besides perhaps we also will obtain an knowledge from us read that’s one of the effect from reading.from the definition it can be assumed that effective reading is reading a book quickly and getting understand about the context.
And efficient reading is efficient reading is when us read a text enough once read and we have known or understand what the text content, and we read do not always repeat and repeat, and efficient reading more related with time we can know or understand content from a text with a little time and once read that’s a meaning efficient reading.from the definition it can be assumed that efficient reading is reading a book without waste much time with repeating the text.
Adopted from jauhari nurudin (2010)efficient and effective reading retriewed from http://ahmadnasrudinillah.blogdetik.com/category/pendidikan/
According to Amy Addison, the effective reading is need the strategy in which look over materials before delving into them, noting headings, bold-faced words, charts, and summaries. Skim introductions and conclusions. This will help put the details into a larger context in which they will make sense. it can be assumed that reading effectively involves reading like preview the information that is needed, not only that it is also involved like skimming reading strategy by seeing the bold print of the information. According to ASA.2009.efficient reading, is gaining and understanding of meaning carried by the printed material with the minimum of energy expended, with usually means in the shortest possible time. It can be assumed that efficient reading is one kind of reading strategy that involved speed reading without spent much time on the information text that people need.. Reference Adopted from: Addison, amy.2009. Effective Reading Strategies. Retrieved from: http://writing2.richmond.edu/writing/wweb/effreadprint.htm. Accessed on 19 april 2012
Adopted from: asa.2009. efficient reading. Retrieved from: http://asa-2009.blogspot.com/2012/03/efficient-reading.html. accessed on: 19 april 2012
According to Ken Goodman (1996) states that efficient reading tends to be relatively fast. From the definition, it can be interviewed that efficient reading is used to understand what author’s message about things and it needn’t much time.
Reading centre (2008) Effective reading : focus on being able to read quickly while still, consciously, comprehending the material being read. From the definition it can be interviewed that effective reading is used to comprehend texts and knowledge of the material being read. Taking in information (Ex. for a final exam)
REFERENCES Adopted from: Goodman, Ken. (1996). New learning. Retrieved from: http://newlearningonline.com/literacies/chapter-4-authentic-literacy-pedagogy/goodman-on-the-construction-of-meaning-in-reading/. Accessed on: 19 April 2012
Adopted from: Reading centre. (2008). Welcome to effective reading. Retrieved from: https://effectivereading.com/public_home.php?. Accessed on: 29 March 2012
According to Jill S.Russ (April 7, 2012), efficient readers are not only reading faster, but they are also reading with better comprehension. An efficient reader has learned the art of reading text in much the same way that most of us look at objects in the world around us. When an efficient reader comes across the word "blue", they don't repeat the word "blue" to themselves, then think about the meaning. Instead, an efficient reader will understand and visualize the color much in the same way most people do when they look up at a blue sky. When you look up at a blue sky, you are typically not saying "blue sky", then thinking about the meaning, but instead you simply absorb the meaning immediately and effortlessly. And according to Kenneth Goodman (1997), efficient readers derive meaning using the least amount of time, energy, and visual input.
Effective Reading
According to the Commission on Reading of the National Council of Teachers of English (May 1, 2004), effective reading instruction helps learners make sense of written language. It builds on what learners know at any given time to help them learn more. Effective instruction is grounded in a professional knowledge of how we read and how we learn to read. It is best provided by knowledgeable, caring teachers who organize instruction to meet the varying needs of all their students.
References : Goodman, Kenneth.(1997). On Reading. Retrieved April 19, 2012 from: (http://www.amazon.com/On-Reading-Kenneth-S-Goodman/dp/0435072005) Russ, Jill.(April 7, 2012). Efficient Reading = Reading Faster + Better Comprehension. Retrieved April 19, 2012 from: (http://www.mrsruss.com/Parents/efficien.htm) The Commission on Reading of the National Council of Teachers of English.(May 1, 2004). On Reading, Learning to Read, and Effective Reading Instruction: An Overview of What We Know and How We Know It. Retrieved April 19,2012 from: (http://www.ncte.org/positions/statements/onreading)
From the passages above, I can assume that: Efficient reading is reading with using the least amount of time and energy but get better comprehension. And effective reading is reading in order to comprehend or to understand what we read while we read. Depending on what you are reading and why, you will find some of the following strategies useful.
According to Unilearning 2000 Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant. When you're reading in preparation for an essay or for understanding generally, remember that good reading strategies go hand-in-hand with good note-taking skills.
It can be assumed that Efficient reading is about reading to understand the writer’s mean in the text without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant.
Theory of Effective Reading According to Effective Reading Centers, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Efeective reading is We are able to comprehend, or understand, what we read while we read.
From the explanation about it can be assumed that reading is not simply a matter of starting at the beginning and going on until you reach the end. If people want to gain something from reading, people need to read actively, not passively. people must know why they are reading it, and people should not always need to understand every single word.
Adopted from Effective Reading Centers, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2008. Retrieved from http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html Adopted from unilearning.uow.edu 2000. Retrieved from https://effectivereading.com/public_home.php?.%20accessed%20on%20:%2028%20march%202012
According to Hill, Edge (Tuesday, 5 July 2005) there are seven steps to effective reading. STEP 1 - Different types of reading Think about the various items we may have read today. It may be a newspaper. It can be assumed that, We read things in different ways because we are always reading for different purposes. For example, We read newspapers for various reasons, from finding out the political situation of the day to seeing what's on TV. STEP 2 - Deciding what to read Decide on what we are looking for from the text. It means that we look at the contents page, the preface, the introduction, and the index. Skim read the first and last paragraphs of the chapters/pages we have selected. Decide if these chapters/pages really are relevant to we and therefore worth reading. STEP 3 - Getting ready to read Before we begin reading anything, it is worth considering why it has been written: What is the author's purpose in writing this text/article? What are the aims and objectives of the author? STEP 4 - SQ3R Survey : look at the text to see if it is relevant to our purpose. Question : decide on the questions we want answered by the text. Read : without making notes, perhaps a section at a time. Recall : close the text, and try to write down the answers to our questions. Review : go back to the text and check what we have written against the text. STEP 5 - Taking notes from reading it means that The purpose of taking notes from our reading is to help us remember what we read, and so we have a record for future reference. STEP 6 - Problems with reading One of the main reading problems encountered by students is that what they are reading is 'boring'. It can be assumed that making sure student only read what is relevant to your purpose. If we don't understand what we are reading, try and read ahead to see if what comes next sheds any light on it. STEP 7 - Continuing to improve your reading Hopefully we will now have gained a little insight into ways in which you can try to improve our reading technique. It can be assumed that experiment a little with fast and slow reading, skimming and scanning, and taking notes.
References: Adopted from Hill, edge (Tuesday, 5 July 2005). Seven Steps to Effective Reading. Retrieved from: http://www.edgehill.ac.uk/tld/student/7steps/reading.htm. Available on: 2012-04-19
According to Harmer, Jeremy (2012), there are some technique how to improve efficient reading skill: a. Practice scanning: by scanning we read briefly to search for specific information whether we read a discourse suitable or in accordance with the data we want. b. Practice skimming: skimming require more concentration than scanning because it is difficult to scan quickly through a discourse a group of friend. It can be assumed that these difficulties can be overcome by dividing the discourse of each member of the group read with the different paragraph. Practice can also be given by a discourse with a few titles figures topics such as pictures or diagram. c. Making use of all the resource: the book contain a variety of source of information. It can be assumed that can help readers to understand and search for data from linear and non-linear. From non-linear dictionary, appendixes, notes/footnotes, list of symbols. d. Improving reading speed: to practice speed reading, it can be assumed that. we start by selecting the discourse of the English language that is easy and interesting, make reading a fun activity.
References: Adopted from: Harmer, Jeremy (2012). Chapter II Theoritical framework and action research. Retrieved from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45980645/Improving-Students-Reading-Skill-Through-Communicative-Language-Teaching-Method-Chapter-II. available on: 19 April 2012
Unilearning (2000) Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant. So, From the the definition : theory efficient reading is read with understanding the message author of the relevant message without spending to much time.
Refference : Adopted from : uni Learning (2000). how to read efficiently. Retrieved from : http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html. accessed on 19 april 2012
Rory Donnelly (1990) Effective Reading : • Read a wide variety of material with a high level of comprehension • Pick out main points and recognize significant details • Connect new information to other things you know • Read critically So, from the definition : we can read variety of material to more comprehension and find main points or main idea in the material. If we have new information that relate our material we can connect in our material.
Reference : Adopted from : Donnelly Rory (1990). Active Learning: A Study Skills Worktext. Retrieved from : http://unilearning.uow.edu. au/reading/1a.html. accessed on 19 april 2012
• Unilearning(2000) describe that Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows the reader to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant. When the reader are reading in preparation for an essay or for understanding generally, remember that good reading strategies go hand-in-hand with good note-taking skills. Efficient reading starts with choosing a strategy to suit the kind of text the reader has to read because her/his purpose in reading and the nature of text to be read will determine your strategy. Her/his purpose in reading might be to: gather information for an essay learn about a particular topic or understand a particular theory prepare for an exam • According to Effective reading centers(2008), Effective Reading is about reading activity when the reader just focuses on being able to comprehend the material being read. Some reading programs concentrate strictly on speed without testing comprehension. Other programs rely upon the unconscious mind to synthesize, remember and understand the information.
References: • Unilearning. 2000. Reading. Available on: http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html. accessed on :28 march 2012 • Effective reading centers. 2008. Reading. Available on: https://effectivereading.com/public_home.php?. accessed on : 28 march 2012
Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant. When you're reading in preparation for an essay or for understanding generally, remember that good reading strategies go hand-in-hand with good note-takingskills.
ReplyDeleteEfficient reading starts with choosing a strategy to suit the kind of text you have to read because your purpose in reading and the nature of text to be read will determine your strategy. Your purpose in reading might be to:
gather information for an essay
learn about a particular topic or understand a particular theory
prepare for an exam
references
http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html
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ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteEfficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. Efficient reading starts with choosing a strategy to suit the kind of text you have to read because your purpose in reading and the nature of text to be read will determine your strategy. Your purpose in reading might be to:
ReplyDeletegather information for an essay
learn about a particular topic or understand a particular theory
prepare for an exam
(akkanan, 2011) effective reading is defined by habits and behaviors of students while they read. For example, teaching students how to make predictions based off of a text, or how to generate summarizations of what was read. that behaviors such as these become vitally important in the process of developing the habits of effective readers. effective reading is one of way which you read. It is not always necessary (or indeed a good idea) to read everything in full. You simply don’t have the time. It is also important that you develop the skill of identifying the main idea in a text without wading through it in detail and avoid spending a long time looking up words in the dictionary.
(amazon.com, 2005)Effective Instructional Strategies: From Theory to Practice is a concise and easy-to-read teaching methods text. It covers all of the practical information about teaching that effective teachers need. Applying the latest research findings and practical classroom practices, it provides thorough coverage of the strategies and skills essential to every teacher’s repertoire.
http://www.enotes.com/teachers/discuss/who-an-effective-reader-90791
hthttp://www.amazon.com/Effective-Instructional-Strategies-Theory-Practice/dp/141290661Xtp://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html
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ReplyDeleteUni learning (2000), Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant. When you're reading in preparation for an essay or for understanding generally, remember that good reading strategies go hand-in-hand with good note-taking skills.
ReplyDelete(Torgesen, 1998) have found that effective early reading instruction for at-risk, struggling readers consists of small-group or individual instruction delivered by a highly trained teacher. A highly trained teacher would explicitly and systematically teach critical early reading skills in a balanced reading program (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000). An example is a small group lesson during language arts instruction using magnetic letters to build decodable words from a story and manipulating the letters to make new words. Researchers (e.g., Snow et al., 1998) have identified the following skills as necessary for developing reading competence for all children:
• phonemic awareness (i.e., the insight that language is made of individual sounds),
• concepts about print (e.g., book handling skills, purposes for reading),
• understanding the alphabetic principle (i.e., the connection between letters and speech sounds),
• decoding strategies (e.g., blending sounds, using analogies),
• reading fluency (i.e., reading quickly and accurately with expression), and
• comprehension strategies (e.g., using background knowledge to understand a passage).
Without these early skills, a reader cannot understand and construct meaning from text, which is the goal of reading.
Learning Uni (2000), How to read efficiently. Available on:Comments and questions should http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html
be directed toUnilearning@uow.edu.au . Accessed on 29 March 2012.
Torgesen(1998).Effectivereadinginstruction.Available on:http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/6363/. Accessed on 29 March 2012.
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ReplyDelete1. Theory of Efficient Reading
Delete- Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process.
- It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant.
There are six methods for efficient reading.
• Read the title and the inntroduction.
• Read the conclusion.
• Read any headings, sub-hedings and words in bold or italics.
• Read the topic sentence for each paragraph.
• Brain storm all the information you can remember from the article.
• If relevant read the article in depth.
- Efficient reading starts with choosing a strategy to suit the kind of text you have to read because your purpose in reading and the nature of text to be read will determine your strategy.
Your purpose in reading might be to :
• gather information for an essay.
• learn about a particular topic or understand a particular theory
• prepare for an exam.
Theory of Effective Reading
Reading is not simply a matter of starting at the beginning and going on until you reach the end. If you want to gain something from your reading, you need to read actively, not passively. you must know why you are reading it, and you should not always need to understand every single word.
1. Up till now, when reading English,
- you have probably been given a passage to read with questions to answer at the end.
- You have concentrated on reading accurately in order to answer the questions correctly.
- You probably felt that you needed to know the meaning of every word. Moreover,
- you probably felt that in order to understand the passage properly, you had to translate every sentence into Japanese. But at university, your goal should not be to read in order to get good marks in the classroom or in tests. You need to learn how to use English-language sources efficiently and effectively for your own purposes.
There are Two rules for effective reading :
a. Do not use a dictionary unless you really have to.
b. When you read something in English, you should try to understand it in English, and not translate it into Indonesia.
There are six step to more effective reading.
• Feeling righ about reading..
• Develop to 3 Rs of reading.
• Become a more selective reader.
• Become a smarter reader.
• Become a more focused and faster reader.
• Become a more active reader.
http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html
http://web.hc.keio.ac.jp/~hjb/4_6_4reading.html
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ReplyDeletencte.org (2004). Effective instruction is grounded in a professional knowledge of how we read and how we learn to read. It is best provided by knowledgeable, caring teachers who organize instruction to meet the varying needs of all their students.
ReplyDeleteEffective Reading Strategies
Addison. 2012. The following are a few tips on how to get the most out of your reading:
• Don't wait until the last minute; give yourself plenty of time to read your material.
• Establish an atmosphere conducive to maximum concentration. This will vary depending on personal preferences.
• Look over materials before delving into them, noting headings, bold-faced words, charts, and summaries. Skim introductions and conclusions. By previewing materials, you can develop a sense of the overall point(s) it is presenting.
• Use the questions at the beginnings or ends of chapters as study guides to help focus your reading.
• Read everything, including those introductions and conclusions you skimmed.
• Look up words you don't know.
• Try one or more of the following methods of note taking:
o Glossing: after reading a passage or section, summarize the main ideas in your own words. This can be done in a notebook, or in the margins of your book (if you own it).
o Outlining: using the author's order or your own, write down the key ideas. Use phrases and abbreviations to keep it short. Use whatever system of numbering or lettering you prefer.
o Synthesizing chart: chart key information when you are trying to pull together information from more than one source.
• Instead of highlighting or underlining in your text, take notes in the margins or in a separate notebook. This will give you the important information at a glance.
The Commission on Reading of the National Council of Teachers of English. 2012. Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant.
monash.edu.au . 2012. Efficient reading strategies
Skimming
Sometimes you need to get the general idea or gist of a text. The way to do this is not by reading every word. Skimming is the sort of reading which would be appropriate if your tutor asked you to read several books and articles for the next tutorial.
Scanning
You skim read material to get the general picture. To find out precise information you will need to practise the technique of scanning. You may need to find out specific details of a topic for an assignment or a task that your lecturer has set.
Detailed reading
Some subjects such as law subjects and literature, for example, require a very detailed understanding from the student. This kind of reading is always more time consuming, but can be combined with skimming and scanning for greater efficiency.
Revision reading
This involves reading rapidly through material with which you are already familiar, in order to confirm knowledge and understanding. Maybe summarise main points on to small system cards (these can be bought at any newsagent's and then be carried around).
REFERENCES
ncte.org. 2004. Effective Reading. Available on: http://www.ncte.org/positions/statements/onreading. Accessed on: 28 March 2012.
Addison, Amy. 2012. Effective Reading Strategies. Available on: http://writing2.richmond.edu/writing/wweb/effread.html. Accessed on: 28 March 2012.
National Council. Efficient reading strategies. Available on: http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html. Accessed on: 28 March 2012.
monash.edu.au . 2012. Efficient reading strategies. Available on: http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/quickrefs/12-efficient-reading.xml. Accessed on: 28 March 2012.
The theories of effective and efficient reading
ReplyDeleteThe reading process involves two separate but highly interrelated areas - word identification and comprehension. It is well established that difficulties in automatic word recognition significantly affect a reader's ability to effectively comprehend what they are reading (Lyon, 1995; Torgeson, Rashotte, and Alexander, 2001). Even mild difficulties in word identification can pull attention away from the underlying meaning, reduce the speed of reading, and create the need to reread selections to grasp the meaning. Many students who struggle to learn to read are able, with appropriate instruction, to compensate for initial reading problems by becoming accurate decoders but fail to reach a level of sufficient fluency to become fast and efficient readers. Thus, the development of techniques for improving automaticity and fluency is critical. Although the research is clear that a systematic alphabetic approach to teaching beginning readers is more effective than a whole word approach (Adams, 1990; Chall, 1996; Snow, Burns and Griffin, 1009), the most effect ways to develop fluency are less well understood. Although current research has given us some direction about effective methods for increasing fluency (National Reading Panel, 2000), further systematic research is needed to give us more comprehensive answers to questions concerning the best methodologies, types of materials, and length/intensity of interventions necessary for optimal gains. The purpose of this article is to suggest some techniques that are consistent with the research and have been found to be either clinically effective or logically appropriate.
Efficient reading starts with choosing a strategy to suit the kind of text you have to read because your purpose in reading and the nature of text to be read will determine your strategy. Your purpose in reading might be to:
gather information for an essay
learn about a particular topic or understand a particular theory
prepare for an exam
In all of these cases, the nature of the text will help you decide how to read. The strategies for reading a text book, for example, are different from those used when reading journal articles.
http://www.resourceroom.net/readspell/2002_automaticity.asp
http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html
Name: Fatimah Y. Sari
ReplyDeleteSN : 09 250016
THE THEORY OF EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE READING
1. Theory of Efficient Reading
Efficient reading is active. Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant.
There are six method for more efficient reading.
• Read the title and the inntroduction.
• Read the conclusion.
• Read any headings, sub-hedings and words in bold or italics.
• Read the topic sentence for each paragraph.
• Brain storm all the information you can remember from the article.
• If relevant read the article in depth.
Efficient reading starts with choosing a strategy to suit the kind of text you have to read because your purpose in reading and the nature of text to be read will determine your strategy. Your purpose in reading might be to:
• gather information for an essay.
• learn about a particular topic or understand a particular theory
• prepare for an exam.
2. Theory of Effective Reading
Reading is the communication of an idea via a certain channel, using a certain code. There are two rules for effective reading.
a. Do not use a dictionary unless you really have to.
b. When you read something in English, you should try to understand it in English, and not translate it into Indonesia.
There are six step to more effective reading.
• Feeling right about reading..
• Develop to 3 Rs of reading.
• Become a more selective reader.
• Become a smarter reader.
• Become a more focused and faster reader.
• Become a more active reader.
Source:
http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html
https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:LYuSNizlbjkJ:www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/lsu/content/1_StudySkills/study_pdf/efficient_reading.pdf+theory+of+efficient+reading
http://web.hc.keio.ac.jp/~hjb/4_6_4reading.html
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteNAME : MAWADDAH HIDAYATI
ReplyDeleteNIM : 09250029
THE THEORY OF EFFICIENT & EFFECTIVE READING
According to Daniel Scocco (2010) Efficient is performing or funcitioning in the best possible manner with the least waste of time and effort. from the definition, it can assumed that efficient reading is reading a text to get the gist of the text or to get the information that we want to get well and quickly or do not waste a lot of time. Furthermore,
Daniel Scocco (2010) also defines Effective as adequate to accomplish a purpose, producing the intended or expected result. from the definition, it can assumed that effective reading is reading a text to get the gist of the text or to get the information that we want to get.
Addopted from : Scocco,Danniel. (2010). Effective Vs. Efficient: Do You Know The Difference?
from : http://www.dailyblogtips.com/effective-vs-efficient-difference/
According to Pamela E. Hook and Sandra D. Jones. (2002) ”Effective reading comprehension requires not only accurate reading skills but also automatic and fluent reading ability. Many struggling readers have difficulty moving to a level of automaticity and fluency that allows them to easily comprehend what they are reading.”
DeleteSo it can be conclude that: effective reading is the reading that the purposed is to make the reader become easier to comprehend what they are reading, and the reader must be able read fluently.
According to ASA (2009). "efficient reading is the reading involves gaining meaning from the printed word, understanding the meaning it carries. and involves both getting a particular task done, and doing it with maximum output for the minimum input of resources.”
So it can be conclude that efficient reading is the reading that not only to read the text but also to know the meaning of the text and to get particular task.
References:
ASA. 2009. Efficient Reading. Available on: http://asa-2009.blogspot.com/2012/03/efficient-reading.html. Assessed on Thursday, 19th of April 2012
E. Hook, Pamela and Sandra D. Jones. 2002. The Importance of Automaticity and Fluency For Efficient Reading Comprehension. Available on: http://www.resourceroom.net/readspell/2002_automaticity.asp. Assessed on Thursday , 19th of April 2012
The theories of effective and efficient reading
DeleteAccording to Christine Nuttal (2000:44) Efficiency means using the least effort to obtain satisfactory results;we want the students to use their time and energy to best effect.But understanding is not the only criterion for efficient reading; another is the time taken to read. It can assumed that efficien reading is read quickly with the good result. Futhermore On unilearning(2000) Effective means we are able to comprehend, or understand, what we read while we read. Effective Reading, we focus on being able to read quickly while still, consciously, comprehending the material being read. It can assumed that effective reading means read read quickly and can comprehens the text that have been read.
References:
Adopted from Nuttal, Christine. (Augusut 2007) Efficient Reading Retrieved on : (http://www.fsrd.itb.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/6-Lyli.pdf). Accessed on: 19 April 2012.
Adopted from Unilearning .(june 2000) Effective Reading Retrieved on : https://effectivereading.com/public_home.php?. Accessed on: 19 April 2012.
Efficient reading
ReplyDeleteAccording to Unilearning (2009), efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. So, it can be said that in effective reading we should have a clear purpose in mind so that we only read the material that is relevant to our purpose or we can say this type reading fast. Moreover, RMIT University give some methods on how to read effectively by following the steps :
1. Read the title and the introduction.
2. Read the conclusion.
3. Read any headings, sub-headings and words in bold or italics.
4. Read the topic sentence for each paragraph (usually the first or second sentence).
5. Brainstorm all the information you can remember from the article.
6. Write down all key words you can remember.
7. Draw diagrams or illustrations
Effective reading
According to Branford University, there are six steps to more effective reading.
The steps are :
1. Feeling right about reading
2. Develop the 3Rs of reading (reading to review, reveal, and remind)
3. Become a more selective reader
4. Become a smarter reader
5. Become a more focused (and faster) reader
6. Become a more active reader
So, it can be conluded that effective reading is reading in order to comprehend and understand what we have read during reading.
Adopted from :
Brandford University. Six steps to effective reading.Retieved from : http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/management/external/els/pdf/sixstepstoeffectivereading.pdf. Accessed on: April, 19th 2012
RMIT University. (February, 2007). Efficient Reading. Retrieved from : www.rmit.edu.au/studyandlearningcentre/. Accessed on: April, 19th 2012
Unilearning. (2009). Reading Efficiently.Retrieved from: http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1b.html. Accessed on: April, 19th 2012
Efficient reading
ReplyDeleteAccording to Andy Gillett, efficient Reading is reading involves the use of the eyes and the brain. In order to read fast, the reader need to use more of their brain. So, reading fast means reading efficiently. It can be concluded that efficient reading means the readers read in short of time, they do not waste the time. So in efficient reading the readers only read the purpose of the reading itself.
Effective reading
According to effective reading centre, Inc (2008), effective reading focuses on being able to read quickly while still, consciously, comprehending the material being read. It can be concluded that effective reading is the ability to comprehend, or understand, what we read while reading.
Adopted from:
Gillett, Andy. Reading skill for academic study. Retrieved from: http://www.uefap.com/reading/readfram.htm. Accessed on April, 19th 2012
Effective reading centre, Inc.(2008). Effective reading. Retrieved from:
https://effectivereading.com/public_home.php?. Accessed on April, 19th 2012
Effective reading instruction
ReplyDeleteAnother explanation of why Hispanic limited English proficient students have difficulty reading English is that they are not getting the type and quality of reading instruction they need. Many researchers (e.g., Torgesen, 1998) have found that effective early reading instruction for at-risk, struggling readers consists of small-group or individual instruction delivered by a highly trained teacher. A highly trained teacher would explicitly and systematically teach critical early reading skills in a balanced reading program (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000). An example is a small group lesson during language arts instruction using magnetic letters to build decodable words from a story and manipulating the letters to make new words. For example, the child could manipulate letters to build cat and then to change cat to rat, change rat to mat, sat, fat, fan, and then to man or alternatively, building the Spanish word "gato" and changing it to "pato," "pavo," "tio," and "rio" after a guided reading of the story.
Researchers (e.g., Snow et al., 1998) have identified the following skills as necessary for developing reading competence for all children:
phonemic awareness (i.e., the insight that language is made of individual sounds),
concepts about print (e.g., book handling skills, purposes for reading),
understanding the alphabetic principle (i.e., the connection between letters and speech sounds),
decoding strategies (e.g., blending sounds, using analogies),
reading fluency (i.e., reading quickly and accurately with expression), and
comprehension strategies (e.g., using background knowledge to understand a passage).
Without these early skills, a reader cannot understand and construct meaning from text, which is the goal of reading.
Possible solutions
By providing young Spanish-speaking children with high-quality reading instruction in the language in which they need it (i.e., their dominant language), teachers should be able to help them learn to read without experiencing failure. By teaching the essential elements of successful reading in the child's first language, teachers will be supporting the development of the child's first language cognitive academic language proficiency, which will then transfer both to acquiring English as a second language (ESL) and to developing English literacy skills. Even if children receive their primary reading instruction in English in a submersion or ESL program, there is theoretical and research support for providing supplemental instruction in the first language. However, this first-language instruction needs to be the most effective (i.e., explicit and systematic) and focused on the essential skills of reading. Without effective teaching and a rich, supportive language environment, evidence shows that young struggling readers will continue to fail (e.g., Gersten, Brengelman, & Jimenez, 1994; Lyon, 1999).
Effective teaching for children who speak Spanish and who are struggling to learn to read can be provided in an intensive individual Spanish-language tutoring experience. One such tutoring program that provides intensive instruction in Spanish is called Descubriendo la Lectura (DLL), an application of Reading Recovery (RR) in Spanish (Escamilla & Andrade, 1992). Reading Recovery is a short-term intervention program developed for monolingual readers experiencing difficulty (see Clay, 1993) that has been successful in preventing and remediating reading difficulties in first graders.
According to Uni Learning (2000), defines efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows the readers to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. From the definition, it can be assummed that the technique for the reader to get the better comprehend the writer’s text / massage fastly without speding much time in the process. You can use skimming and scanning to build up background knowledge and to select what to read.
ReplyDeleteAccording to Effective Reading Centers INC (2008), effective reading is the way of reading that makes the readers are able to comprehend, or understand, what they read while the reading process occurs and the process of reading to get the main idea that the reader needed o. It can be concluded one of way which the reader can understand what they read during the process. the process when you want to get information from the text which the reader need. And purpose to develop your skill of identifying the main idea in a text without wading through it in detail and avoid spending time to find words in the dictionary.
Adopted from :Uni learning.(2000).how to read efficiently. Retrieved from : http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html
Adopted from : effective reading center INC.(2008).effective reading. Retrieved from : https://effectivereading.com/public_home.php
Name : Saroni
ReplyDeleteNim : 0825 052
THE THEORY OF EFFICIENT & EFFECTIVE READING
Simon Greenall and Michael Swan (1986:1) state that Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. From the definition, so l can conclude that efficient reading is you read quickly without wasting your time, it mean that you read directly without many process that can wasting your time.
Simon Greenall and Michael Swan (1986:1) state that effective reading means being able to read accurately and efficiently, and to understand as much of passage as you need in order to achieve your purpose. From the definition, we can conclude that effective reading is we read accurately and efficient to get mind idea from the passage in order to achieve your reading purpose.
References :
adopted by : Greenall, Simon and Michael Swan (1986). Effective Reading: Reading Skills for Advanced Students, Volume 2.
http://books.google.co.id/books/about/Effective_Reading.html?id=E9B9DAVoTTAC&redir_esc=y
Uni learning (2000), Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that only read material that is relevant. From the definition, it can assummed in a way that allows to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading.
ReplyDeleteTorgesen (1998) have found that effective early reading instruction for at-risk, struggling readers consists of small-group or individual instruction delivered by a highly trained teacher. An example is a small group lesson during language arts instruction using magnetic letters to build decodable words from a story and manipulating the letters to make new words. It can assummed that effective reading an active process to lesson. The meanings student get understand in learning for example make a small group to study in the class.
References
Learning Uni (2000), How to read efficiently. Available on:Comments and questions should http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html
be directed toUnilearning@uow.edu.au . Accessed on 29 March 2012.
Torgesen(1998).Effectivereadinginstruction.Available on:http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/6363/. Accessed on 29 March 2012.
Name : Hanni Paramita Sari
ReplyDeleteNIM : 09250021
According to Pritchard (2007: 33) Effective reading is you have to read with a purpose, with a plan and with concentration. From the definition, it can assume that effective reading is used to read important material; the material has a context and meaning that the reader is going to remember it in their mind.
And, according to Michael Simkins (September 2009: 1) Efficient readers do not stop and decode each and every word. From the definition, it means that efficient reading is reading the material but the reader hasn’t much time to do this and the reader can understand the writer’s message in the short time.
Adopted from: Pritchard.(2007). Reading for Academic Purposes. Referenced from: http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/18538_03_Pritchard_Ch_02.pdf (-Ch-02.qxd 11/7/2007 7:42 PM)
Adopted from: Simkins, Michael.(2009). Do kids still need to learn them? What's the role of memorization in 21st century learning?. Retrieved from: http://www.hotchalk.com/mydesk/index.php/editorial/124-practical-tips-and-tools/728-facts-do-kids-still-need-to-learn-them-whats-the-role-of-memorization -in-21st-century-learning (Monday, 07 September 2009 09:30).
According to Nurudin Jauhari, efficient reading is when us read a text enough once read and we have known or understand what the text content, and we read do not always repeat and repeat, and efficient reading more related with time we can know or understand content from a text with a little time and once read that’s a meaning efficient reading
ReplyDeleteWhile effective reading is when us read a book or text because we will get effect from reading itself, example if us often read, unaware we get skill run the eye over or fast in reading, besides perhaps we also will obtain an knowledge from us read that’s one of the effect from reading.
Adapted from :Jauhari, Nurudin(January 16th, 2011) Effective and Efficient reading. Retrieved from: http://ahmadnasrudinillah.blogdetik.com/category/pendidikan/
In my opinion, Efficient reading is about reading in a way that we understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. And Effective reading is a reading that able to comprehend, or understand, what we read while we read.We focus on being able to read quickly while still, consciously, comprehending the material being read
According to Manisha, Efficient reading refers to doing in a right manner. From the definition, it can assumed that efficient reading focuses on the process for doing something in a right manner or way. So that, we have to do a process for getting the result.
ReplyDeleteAccording to Manisha, Effective reading is about doing the right thing at the end. From the definition, it can assumed that effective reading focuses at the end of doing something. As we know that, We have been do more better in long term for getting the result at the end . We must be success at the end of doing something, without thinking the process of doing something.
Adopted from : Manisha. (2011). Difference between efficient and effective reading. Retrieved from :
http://www.differencebetween.net/business/difference-between-efficiency-and-effectiveness/. Accessed on : 19 April 2012
According to Manisha, Efficient reading refers to doing in a right manner. From the definition, it can assumed that efficient reading focuses on the process for doing something in a right manner or way. So that, we have to do a process for getting the result.
ReplyDeleteAccording to Manisha, Effective reading is about doing the right thing at the end. From the definition, it can assumed that effective reading focuses at the end of doing something. As we know that, We have been do more better in long term for getting the result at the end . We must be success at the end of doing something, without thinking the process of doing something.
Adopted from : Manisha. (2011). Difference between efficient and effective reading. Retrieved from :
http://www.differencebetween.net/business/difference-between-efficiency-and-effectiveness/. Accessed on : 19 April 2012
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThe theories of effective and efficient reading
ReplyDeleteAccording to Christine Nuttal (2000:44) Efficiency means using the least effort to obtain satisfactory results;we want the students to use their time and energy to best effect.But understanding is not the only criterion for efficient reading; another is the time taken to read. It can assumed that efficien reading is read quickly with the good result. Futhermore On unilearning(2000) Effective means we are able to comprehend, or understand, what we read while we read. Effective Reading, we focus on being able to read quickly while still, consciously, comprehending the material being read. It can assumed that effective reading means read read quickly and can comprehens the text that have been read.
References:
Adopted from Nuttal, Christine. (Augusut 2007) Efficient Reading Retrieved on : (http://www.fsrd.itb.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/6-Lyli.pdf). Accessed on: 19 April 2012.
Adopted from Unilearning .(june 2000) Effective Reading Retrieved on : https://effectivereading.com/public_home.php?. Accessed on: 19 April 2012.
according to NCTE (2004) Effective reading instruction helps learners make sense of written language. It builds on what learners know at any given time to help them learn more.
ReplyDeleteEffective instruction is grounded in a professional knowledge of how we read and how we learn to read. it is best provided by knowledgeable, caring teachers who organize instruction to meet the varying needs of all their students.
Teachers provide effective reading instruction when they:
• Expect all students to achieve.
• Know their students as individuals, including their interests, their attitudes about reading, and their school, home, and community experiences.
• Read to students daily using a variety of text types, including various types of fiction and non fiction and multicultural literature, on a variety of topics to build their students’ familiarity with written language and their background knowledge on a variety of topics.
from the definiton, it can be assumed that effective reading is the learners read more and more so that the learners know their reading’s capability.
adopted from:
NCTE(2004).Effective Reading Instruction. retrieved from: http://www.ncte.org/positions/statements/onreading. Accessed on: Thursday, march 29th 2012
UNI learning (2000), efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant. When you're reading in preparation for an essay or for understanding generally, remember that good reading strategies go hand-in-hand with good note-taking skills.
Efficient reading starts with choosing a strategy to suit the kind of text you have to read because your purpose in reading and the nature of text to be read will determine your strategy. Your purpose in reading might be to:
_ Gather information for an essay
_ learn about a particular topic or understand a particular theory
_ prepare for an exam
based on the definition, it can be assumed that
efficient reading is read a text and make you understand about writer’s message without spend much time.
adopted from:
Unilearning(2000). Reading efficiently . retrieved from:http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html. Accessed on: Thursday, march 29th 2012
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName : Dona Febriyanti
ReplyDeleteNIM : 09250013
According to Nurudin Jauhari, efficient reading is when us read a text enough once read and we have known or understand what the text content, and we read do not always repeat and repeat, and efficient reading more related with time we can know or understand content from a text with a little time and once read that’s a meaning efficient reading
While effective reading is when us read a book or text because we will get effect from reading itself, example if us often read, unaware we get skill run the eye over or fast in reading, besides perhaps we also will obtain an knowledge from us read that’s one of the effect from reading.
Adapted from :Jauhari, Nurudin(January 16th, 2011) Effective and Efficient reading. Retrieved from: http://ahmadnasrudinillah.blogdetik.com/category/pendidikan/
In my opinion, Efficient reading is about reading in a way that we understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. And Effective reading is a reading that able to comprehend, or understand, what we read while we read.We focus on being able to read quickly while still, consciously, comprehending the material being read
Uni learning (2000), Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that only read material that is relevant. From the definition, it can assummed in a way that allows to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading.
ReplyDeleteTorgesen (1998) have found that effective early reading instruction for at-risk, struggling readers consists of small-group or individual instruction delivered by a highly trained teacher. An example is a small group lesson during language arts instruction using magnetic letters to build decodable words from a story and manipulating the letters to make new words. It can assummed that effective reading an active process to lesson. The meanings student get understand in learning for example make a small group to study in the class.
References
Learning Uni (2000), How to read efficiently. Available on:Comments and questions should http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html
be directed toUnilearning@uow.edu.au . Accessed on 29 March 2012.
Torgesen(1998).Effectivereadinginstruction.Available on:http://www.colorincolorado.org/article/6363/. Accessed on 29 March 2012.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteName :irma damayanti
ReplyDeleteNim :09250023
The theory of efficient and affective reading
Jauhari,nurudin (2010) defined effective reading is when us read a book or text because we will get effect from reading itself, example if us often read, unaware we get skill run the eye over or fast in reading, besides perhaps we also will obtain an knowledge from us read that’s one of the effect from reading.from the definition it can be assumed that effective reading is reading a book quickly and getting understand about the context.
And efficient reading is efficient reading is when us read a text enough once read and we have known or understand what the text content, and we read do not always repeat and repeat, and efficient reading more related with time we can know or understand content from a text with a little time and once read that’s a meaning efficient reading.from the definition it can be assumed that efficient reading is reading a book without waste much time with repeating the text.
Adopted from jauhari nurudin (2010)efficient and effective reading retriewed from http://ahmadnasrudinillah.blogdetik.com/category/pendidikan/
The effective reading and the efficient reading
ReplyDeleteAccording to Amy Addison, the effective reading is need the strategy in which look over materials before delving into them, noting headings, bold-faced words, charts, and summaries. Skim introductions and conclusions. This will help put the details into a larger context in which they will make sense. it can be assumed that reading effectively involves reading like preview the information that is needed, not only that it is also involved like skimming reading strategy by seeing the bold print of the information.
According to ASA.2009.efficient reading, is gaining and understanding of meaning carried by the printed material with the minimum of energy expended, with usually means in the shortest possible time. It can be assumed that efficient reading is one kind of reading strategy that involved speed reading without spent much time on the information text that people need..
Reference
Adopted from: Addison, amy.2009. Effective Reading Strategies. Retrieved from: http://writing2.richmond.edu/writing/wweb/effreadprint.htm. Accessed on 19 april 2012
Adopted from: asa.2009. efficient reading. Retrieved from: http://asa-2009.blogspot.com/2012/03/efficient-reading.html. accessed on: 19 april 2012
According to Ken Goodman (1996) states that efficient reading tends to be relatively fast.
ReplyDeleteFrom the definition, it can be interviewed that efficient reading is used to understand what author’s message about things and it needn’t much time.
Reading centre (2008) Effective reading : focus on being able to read quickly while still, consciously, comprehending the material being read.
From the definition it can be interviewed that effective reading is used to comprehend texts and knowledge of the material being read. Taking in information (Ex. for a final exam)
REFERENCES
Adopted from: Goodman, Ken. (1996). New learning. Retrieved from: http://newlearningonline.com/literacies/chapter-4-authentic-literacy-pedagogy/goodman-on-the-construction-of-meaning-in-reading/. Accessed on: 19 April 2012
Adopted from: Reading centre. (2008). Welcome to effective reading. Retrieved from: https://effectivereading.com/public_home.php?. Accessed on: 29 March 2012
Name : Ferbawanti Srikandi (09250018)
ReplyDeleteEfficient Reading
According to Jill S.Russ (April 7, 2012), efficient readers are not only reading faster, but they are also reading with better comprehension. An efficient reader has learned the art of reading text in much the same way that most of us look at objects in the world around us. When an efficient reader comes across the word "blue", they don't repeat the word "blue" to themselves, then think about the meaning. Instead, an efficient reader will understand and visualize the color much in the same way most people do when they look up at a blue sky. When you look up at a blue sky, you are typically not saying "blue sky", then thinking about the meaning, but instead you simply absorb the meaning immediately and effortlessly.
And according to Kenneth Goodman (1997), efficient readers derive meaning using the least amount of time, energy, and visual input.
Effective Reading
According to the Commission on Reading of the National Council of Teachers of English (May 1, 2004), effective reading instruction helps learners make sense of written language. It builds on what learners know at any given time to help them learn more. Effective instruction is grounded in a professional knowledge of how we read and how we learn to read. It is best provided by knowledgeable, caring teachers who organize instruction to meet the varying needs of all their students.
References :
Goodman, Kenneth.(1997). On Reading. Retrieved April 19, 2012 from: (http://www.amazon.com/On-Reading-Kenneth-S-Goodman/dp/0435072005)
Russ, Jill.(April 7, 2012). Efficient Reading = Reading Faster + Better Comprehension. Retrieved April 19, 2012 from: (http://www.mrsruss.com/Parents/efficien.htm)
The Commission on Reading of the National Council of Teachers of English.(May 1, 2004). On Reading, Learning to Read, and Effective Reading Instruction: An Overview of What We Know and How We Know It. Retrieved April 19,2012 from: (http://www.ncte.org/positions/statements/onreading)
From the passages above, I can assume that:
Efficient reading is reading with using the least amount of time and energy but get better comprehension. And effective reading is reading in order to comprehend or to understand what we read while we read. Depending on what you are reading and why, you will find some of the following strategies useful.
Theory of Efficient and effective reading
DeleteAccording to Unilearning 2000 Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant. When you're reading in preparation for an essay or for understanding generally, remember that good reading strategies go hand-in-hand with good note-taking skills.
It can be assumed that Efficient reading is about reading to understand the writer’s mean in the text without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant.
Theory of Effective Reading
According to Effective Reading Centers, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Efeective reading is We are able to comprehend, or understand, what we read while we read.
From the explanation about it can be assumed that reading is not simply a matter of starting at the beginning and going on until you reach the end. If people want to gain something from reading, people need to read actively, not passively. people must know why they are reading it, and people should not always need to understand every single word.
Adopted from Effective Reading Centers, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2008. Retrieved from http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html
Adopted from unilearning.uow.edu 2000.
Retrieved from https://effectivereading.com/public_home.php?.%20accessed%20on%20:%2028%20march%202012
According to Hill, Edge (Tuesday, 5 July 2005) there are seven steps to effective reading.
ReplyDeleteSTEP 1 - Different types of reading
Think about the various items we may have read today. It may be a newspaper. It can be assumed that, We read things in different ways because we are always reading for different purposes. For example, We read newspapers for various reasons, from finding out the political situation of the day to seeing what's on TV.
STEP 2 - Deciding what to read
Decide on what we are looking for from the text. It means that we look at the contents page, the preface, the introduction, and the index. Skim read the first and last paragraphs of the chapters/pages we have selected. Decide if these chapters/pages really are relevant to we and therefore worth reading.
STEP 3 - Getting ready to read
Before we begin reading anything, it is worth considering why it has been written:
What is the author's purpose in writing this text/article?
What are the aims and objectives of the author?
STEP 4 - SQ3R
Survey : look at the text to see if it is relevant to our purpose.
Question : decide on the questions we want answered by the text.
Read : without making notes, perhaps a section at a time.
Recall : close the text, and try to write down the answers to our questions.
Review : go back to the text and check what we have written against the text.
STEP 5 - Taking notes from reading
it means that The purpose of taking notes from our reading is to help us remember what we read, and so we have a record for future reference.
STEP 6 - Problems with reading
One of the main reading problems encountered by students is that what they are reading is 'boring'. It can be assumed that making sure student only read what is relevant to your purpose.
If we don't understand what we are reading, try and read ahead to see if what comes next sheds any light on it.
STEP 7 - Continuing to improve your reading
Hopefully we will now have gained a little insight into ways in which you can try to improve our reading technique. It can be assumed that experiment a little with fast and slow reading, skimming and scanning, and taking notes.
References:
Adopted from Hill, edge (Tuesday, 5 July 2005). Seven Steps to Effective Reading. Retrieved from: http://www.edgehill.ac.uk/tld/student/7steps/reading.htm. Available on: 2012-04-19
According to Harmer, Jeremy (2012), there are some technique how to improve efficient reading skill:
a. Practice scanning: by scanning we read briefly to search for specific information whether we read a discourse suitable or in accordance with the data we want.
b. Practice skimming: skimming require more concentration than scanning because it is difficult to scan quickly through a discourse a group of friend. It can be assumed that these difficulties can be overcome by dividing the discourse of each member of the group read with the different paragraph. Practice can also be given by a discourse with a few titles figures topics such as pictures or diagram.
c. Making use of all the resource: the book contain a variety of source of information. It can be assumed that can help readers to understand and search for data from linear and non-linear. From non-linear dictionary, appendixes, notes/footnotes, list of symbols.
d. Improving reading speed: to practice speed reading, it can be assumed that. we start by selecting the discourse of the English language that is easy and interesting, make reading a fun activity.
References:
Adopted from: Harmer, Jeremy (2012). Chapter II Theoritical framework and action research. Retrieved from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/45980645/Improving-Students-Reading-Skill-Through-Communicative-Language-Teaching-Method-Chapter-II. available on: 19 April 2012
Unilearning (2000) Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows you to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant. So, From the the definition : theory efficient reading is read with understanding the message author of the relevant message without spending to much time.
ReplyDeleteRefference :
Adopted from : uni Learning (2000). how to read efficiently. Retrieved from : http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html. accessed on 19 april 2012
Rory Donnelly (1990) Effective Reading :
• Read a wide variety of material with a high level of comprehension
• Pick out main points and recognize significant details
• Connect new information to other things you know
• Read critically
So, from the definition : we can read variety of material to more comprehension and find main points or main idea in the material. If we have new information that relate our material we can connect in our material.
Reference :
Adopted from : Donnelly Rory (1990). Active Learning: A Study Skills Worktext. Retrieved from : http://unilearning.uow.edu. au/reading/1a.html. accessed on 19 april 2012
• Unilearning(2000) describe that Efficient reading is about reading in a way that allows the reader to understand the writer's message without spending too much time in the process. It's also about reading with a clear purpose in mind so that you only read material that is relevant. When the reader are reading in preparation for an essay or for understanding generally, remember that good reading strategies go hand-in-hand with good note-taking skills.
ReplyDeleteEfficient reading starts with choosing a strategy to suit the kind of text the reader has to read because her/his purpose in reading and the nature of text to be read will determine your strategy. Her/his purpose in reading might be to:
gather information for an essay
learn about a particular topic or understand a particular theory
prepare for an exam
• According to Effective reading centers(2008), Effective Reading is about reading activity when the reader just focuses on being able to comprehend the material being read. Some reading programs concentrate strictly on speed without testing comprehension. Other programs rely upon the unconscious mind to synthesize, remember and understand the information.
References:
• Unilearning. 2000. Reading. Available on: http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/reading/1a.html. accessed on :28 march 2012
• Effective reading centers. 2008. Reading. Available on: https://effectivereading.com/public_home.php?. accessed on : 28 march 2012