Distinguish among oral, sign and written language !
Oral is spoken or people talk using their mouths, and sound Example : there are two man meet in cafe, they talk each other about their nation. ( they use mouth, tounge, and the other sound organs to talk each other )
Written is read or This is a way of expressing what we are trying to say in the English alphabet Example : just like I am doing now, write this assignment
Sign is something that implies a connection between itself and its object. This is in contrast to a symbol which stands for another thing Example : flag is symbol of nation + is symbol of hospital Spoon and fork is symbol of restaurant Etc
REFERENCES
Tellit, will. What is the difference between oral and written communication?. Avaible on : http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_oral_and_written_communication. Access on : february, 09th 2012 ; 08:33 pm
Avaible on : http://www.blurtit.com/q454362.html. Access on : february, 09th 2012 ; 08:33 pm
30 November 2011 at 21:33. Avaible on : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign. Access on : february, 09th 2012 ; 08:33 pm
10 FEBRUARY 2012 Distinguish among oral, sign and written language! Leann Richards, (1997), Oral and written language each has unique characteristics. Command of these features will improve communication skills. Oral and written language is completely different, and there are separate skills and strategies associated with each. Oral or spoken language is the language used to communicate in everyday life. In English, oral language is characterized by features such as, use of contractions, informality and use of personal pronouns.
Wikipedia, (2012),A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts.
Reference : Leann Richards, (1997), Oral and written language, Available on: http://leann-richards.suite101.com/oral-and-written-language-a301070, Accessed on 9 February 2012 Wikipedia, (2012), sign language, Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language, Accessed on 9 February 2012
Oral Language Oral language is a key component of all instruction. Oral language involves both receptive language (the ability to understand spoken language) and expressive language (the ability to use words to convey meaning). Oral language is used in communication, can be significantly more effective in expressing meaning to an audience. This distinction between precision and effectiveness is due to the extensive repertoire of signals available to the speaker: gestures, intonation, inflection, volume, pitch, pauses, movement, visual cues such as appearance, and a whole host of other ways to communicate meaning. Sign Language Sign language is a system of language in which expressions are conveyed using body movements rather than the human voice. Hands, arms, facial muscles and the body's orientation and movement may be used to communicate and share information - a modality as complex as any spoken language for the signers in whom it is a native or second language. Most signers are deaf or hard of hearing, though any child exposed to a sign language in their first years will acquire it, perhaps along side a spoken language. Written Language The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. In the written language usually use standard language as a guidance, and it usually take place in the formal area. References : Brentari D.1999. A Prosodic Model of Sign Language Phonology. Cambridge. Available on http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessed on February, 09th 2012 Ferraro, Vincent & Palmer, Kathryn C. 2005. Written and Oral Language. Available on http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm. Accessed on February, 09th 2012
Task 5. Distinguish among oral, sign and written language!
Distinguish among oral language and written language
The difference is that oral language is a way in which people talk using their mouths, and sound. Language allows us to talk to people by making a sound from our mouth and their ears picking up the sounds that we make. Written language is much different. This is a way of expressing what we are trying to say in the English alphabet - just like I am doing now. Essentially, these are the two most common ways in which people communicate in the Western world. So what ways can be communicate orally? Obviously there's the traditional method of talking to each other face to face. This is the art of language and we do it every day. for example : You can also communicate orally over the phone, too. The telephone allows you to communicate with people all over the world without having to resort to writing them letters. You can simply talk as if you would face to face. This is still oral communication. Written language is just as obvious. Written language can be something like this answer. I'm communicating with you via text. A letter is also a perfect example of written communication. Letters have been written through hundreds of years using the English language, as well as many others that predate it. It's a great way of communicating long distance but can often lack emotion and feeling. Distinguish among sign language and oral language. A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts. A Common misconception is that sign languages are somehow dependent on oral languages, that is, that they are oral language spelled out in gesture, or that they were invented by hearing people. Hearing teachers in deaf schools, such as Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, are often incorrectly referred to as “inventors” of sign language. Although not part of sign languages, elements from the Manual alphabets (finger spelling) may be used in signed communication, mostly for proper names and concepts for which no sign is available at that moment. Elements from the manual alphabet can sometimes be a source of new signs (e.g. initialized signs, in which the shape of the hand represents the first letter of the word for the sign). On the whole, sign languages are independent of oral languages and follow their own paths of development. For example, British Sign Language and American Sign Language are quite different and mutually unintelligible, even though the hearing people of Britain and America share the same oral language. The grammars of sign languages do usually not resemble that of spoken languages used in the same geographical area; in fact, in terms of syntax, ASL shares more with spoken Japanese than it does with English.[18]
Reference
Stokoe, William C. (1960). Sign language structure: An outline of the visual communication systems of the American deaf. Studies in Ferraro and Kathryn C. Palme, Speaking and Arguing: The Rhetoric of Peace and War, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075
Joy (2012) : Oral language involves both speaking and listening, or expressive and receptive language. It is a process whose development requires social interaction. Early communication between infants and caregivers involves gestures, facial expressions and cries. Oral language is the base on which the other language arts develop. So, the oral language is spoken aspect of language that can be heard, interpreted, and understood
wikipedia.org (2012) : A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts. Wherever communities of deaf people exist, sign languages develop. Their complex spatial grammars are markedly different from the grammars of spoken languages.[1][2] Hundreds of sign languages are in use around the world and are at the cores of local deaf cultures. Some sign languages have obtained some form of legal recognition, while others have no status at all. For example, when they want to say “two” they will use two fingers.
wikipedia.org (2012) : A written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children, who will instinctively learn or create spoken or gestural languages.[citation needed] A written language exists only as a complement to a specific spoken or gestural language, and no natural language is purely written. Written language is an easy way to enhance the inheritance of culture, standards and uniformity, to accumulate and bequeath knowledge and skills and the profit is belonging and the realization of accomplishment.
So, the differences among them are, if Oral communication uses words with fewer syllables than the written language, the sentences are shorter, and self-referencing pronouns. Oral communication also allows incomplete sentences if delivered properly, and many sentences will begin with "and," "but," and "except." Then the written language is the complete sentence and in correct grammar. And then, Writing is a fairly static form of transfer. But, Speaking is a dynamic transfer of information. But, if sign language is a language that use symbols to say something without sounds. They usually use their fingers, arms, head, and body.
REFFERENCES
Joy, Katlyn. 2012. Oral Language Development Reading. Available on: http://www.ehow.com/about_6395103_oral-language-development-reading_.html. Accessed on 10th February 2012.
wikipedia.org. 2012. Sign Language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessed on 10th February 2012.
wikipedia.org. 2012. Written Language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_language. Accessed on 10th February 2012.
Task 5 : 10 Feb 2012 Distinguish Among Oral,Sign and Written Language! Most of us intuitively understand that there are differences between oral and written language. All communication includes the transfer of information from one person to another, and while the transfer of information is only the first step in the process of understanding a complex phenomenon, it is an important first step. Writing is a fairly static form of transfer. Speaking is a dynamic transfer of information. To be an effective speaker, you must exploit the dynamism of oral communication, but also learn to work within its limitations. While there is a higher level of immediacy and a lower level of retention in the spoken word, a speaker has more ability to engage the audience psychologically and to use complex forms of non-verbal communication The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. These attributes of writing are possible because the pace of involvement is controlled by both the writer and the reader. The writer can write and rewrite at great length, a span of time which in some cases can be measured in years. Similarly, the reader can read quickly or slowly or even stop to think about what he or she has just read. More importantly, the reader always has the option of re-reading; even if that option is not exercised, its mere possibility has an effect upon a reader's understanding of a text. The written word appeals more to a contemplative, deliberative style. Speeches can also be precise and indeed they ought to be. But precision in oral communication comes only with a great deal of preparation and compression. Once spoken, words cannot be retracted, although one can apologize for a mistake and improvise a clarification or qualification. One can read from a written text and achieve the same degree of verbal precision as written communication. But word-for-word reading from a text is not speech-making, and in most circumstances audiences find speech-reading boring and retain very little of the information transmitted. References http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm http://www.candogo.com/search/insight?i=967
Task 5 : 10 Feb 2012 Distinguish Among Oral,Sign and Written Language! Most of us intuitively understand that there are differences between oral and written language. All communication includes the transfer of information from one person to another, and while the transfer of information is only the first step in the process of understanding a complex phenomenon, it is an important first step. Writing is a fairly static form of transfer. Speaking is a dynamic transfer of information. To be an effective speaker, you must exploit the dynamism of oral communication, but also learn to work within its limitations. While there is a higher level of immediacy and a lower level of retention in the spoken word, a speaker has more ability to engage the audience psychologically and to use complex forms of non-verbal communication The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. These attributes of writing are possible because the pace of involvement is controlled by both the writer and the reader. The writer can write and rewrite at great length, a span of time which in some cases can be measured in years. Similarly, the reader can read quickly or slowly or even stop to think about what he or she has just read. More importantly, the reader always has the option of re-reading; even if that option is not exercised, its mere possibility has an effect upon a reader's understanding of a text. The written word appeals more to a contemplative, deliberative style. Speeches can also be precise and indeed they ought to be. But precision in oral communication comes only with a great deal of preparation and compression. Once spoken, words cannot be retracted, although one can apologize for a mistake and improvise a clarification or qualification. One can read from a written text and achieve the same degree of verbal precision as written communication. But word-for-word reading from a text is not speech-making, and in most circumstances audiences find speech-reading boring and retain very little of the information transmitted. References http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm http://www.candogo.com/search/insight?i=967
Distinguish among oral, sign and written language!
Teale (1978) Oral language begins to develop at a very young age as children and parents interact with one another in the natural surroundings of the home environment . A child's home environment greatly impacts the rate, quality and ability to communicate with others (MacLean, Bryant and Bradley, 1987; Martinez, 1983; National Research Council 1999). Wikipedia (2012) A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts. Bauman, dirksen (1998) The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. A common misconception is that sign languages are somehow dependent on oral languages, that is, that they are oral language spelled out in gesture, or that they were invented by hearing people. Hearing teachers in deaf schools are often incorrectly referred to as “inventors” of sign language. Although not part of sign languages, elements from the Manual alphabets (finger spelling) may be used in signed communication, mostly for proper names and concepts for which no sign is available at that moment. Elements from the manual alphabet can sometimes be a source of new signs (e.g. initialized signs, in which the shape of the hand represents the first letter of the word for the sign). References : Wikipedia(2012). Sign language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessed on: 9 february 2012.
Teale (1978). Oral language. Available on: http://www.bridgew.edu/library/cags_projects/mmau rano/OralLanguage.htm. accessed: 9 february 2012.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_tradition
Bauman, Dirksen (1998). Written language. Available on:http://www.chevroncars.com/learn/his tory/first -written-language. Accessed on: 9 february 2012. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm
Name : Muji Lestari NIM : 09 25 0038 DISTINGUISH AMONG ORAL, SIGN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE ORAL Oral tests become more common as your college career progresses. During an oral test, both your knowledge of a subject and your communication skills are being evaluated. Oral tests may take place in front of one person, a panel or a class. Formal oral tests usually follow a list of questions. You know how to answer the question. You should not give out any extra information unless you have asked. During informal tests, you can give longer responses with more information. When you study for an oral test, be sure you are prepared. Ask your teacher for information as to what is expected on the test. A sign is something that implies a connection between itself and its object. A natural sign bears a causal relation to its object—for instance, thunder is a sign of storm. A conventional sign signifies by agreement, as a full stop signifies the end of a sentence. (This is in contrast to a symbol which stands for another thing, as a flag may be a symbol of a nation). The nature of signs has long been discussed in philosophy. Initially, within linguistics and later semiotics, there were two general schools of thought: those who proposed that signs are ‘dyadic’ (i.e. having two parts), and those who proposed that signs are interpreted in a recursive pattern of triadic (i.e. three-part) relationships.
WRITTEN LANGUAGE Written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children, who will instinctively learn or create spoken or gestural languages. Written Language refers to communication in its written form - most commonly in the forms of reading and writing. However we are in a need for oral language; speaking and listening skills are acquired naturally by young children remarkably without the need for having to teach them. Language in its written form has become a process that is required in our oral language rules and must be clearly taught. There are many languages in our world that exist, but do not have a written form.
DIFFERENCE AMONG ORAL, SIGN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE Oral communication can be significantly more effective in expressing meaning to an audience. This distinction between precision and effectiveness is due to the extensive repertoire of signals available to the speaker: gestures, intonation, inflection, volume, pitch, pauses, movement, visual cues such as appearance, and a whole host of other ways to communicate meaning. A sign is something that implies a connection between itself and its object. A natural sign bears a causal relation to its object—for instance, thunder is a sign of storm. A conventional sign signifies by agreement, as a full stop signifies the end of a sentence. (This is in contrast to a symbol which stands for another thing, as a flag may be a symbol of a nation). Uses of conventional signs are varied. Usually the goal is to elicit a response or simply inform. The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. So the differences among oral, sign and written language are, oral as a action, sign as a symbol and written as an evidanc REFFERENCES
Wikipedia.2012.Written Language.Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_language. Accessed on 25 January 2012. Wikipedia.2011.Sign.Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign. Accessed on 30 November 2011. Wikipedia.2012.Oral Test.Available on: http://www.studytips.org/oraltests.htm. Accessed on 2012. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm Oxford Dictionary
Task 5 Distinguish among oral, sign and written language The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. oral communication can be significantly more effective in expressing meaning to an audience. Vincent Ferraro and Kathryn C. Palmer A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (body language). Sign language includes those important but unspoken signals that individuals exhibit, specifically : carriage/posture, appearance, listening, eye contact, hand gestures and facial expressions. William C. (1960). Sign language structure: An outline of the visual communication systems of the American deaf. Studies in linguistics: Occasional papers (No. 8). Buffalo: Dept. of Anthropology and Linguistics, University at Buffalo.
References: C William.1960.sign language structure. available on:http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm.access on 9 february 2012. Ferraro vincen.available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language .access on 9 february 2012.
Distinguish among oral, sign and written language! The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. These attributes of writing are possible because the pace of involvement is controlled by both the writer and the reader. The writer can write and rewrite at great length, a span of time which in some cases can be measured in years. Similarly, the reader can read quickly or slowly or even stop to think about what he or she has just read. More importantly, the reader always has the option of re-reading; even if that option is not exercised, its mere possibility has an effect upon a reader's understanding of a text. The written word appeals more to a contemplative, deliberative style. oral communication can be significantly more effective in expressing meaning to an audience. This distinction between precision and effectiveness is due to the extensive repertoire of signals available to the speaker: gestures, intonation, inflection, volume, pitch, pauses, movement, visual cues such as appearance, and a whole host of other ways to communicate meaning. A speaker has significantly more control over what the listener will hear than the writer has over what the reader will read. For these techniques to be effective, however, the speaker needs to make sure that he or she has the audience's attention--audiences do not have the luxury of re-reading the words spoken. The speaker, therefore, must become a reader of the audience
A sign language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts.
In linguistic terms, sign languages are as rich and complex as any oral language, despite the common misconception that they are not "real languages". Professional linguists have studied many sign languages and found that they exhibit the fundamental properties that exist in all languages. Sign languages are not mime – in other words, signs are conventional, often arbitrary and do not necessarily have a visual relationship to their referent, much as most spoken language is not onomatopoeic. While iconicity is more systematic and widespread in sign languages than in spoken ones, the difference is not categorical. The visual modality allows the human preference for close connections between form and meaning, present but suppressed in spoken languages, to be more fully expressed. This does not mean that signed languages are a visual rendition of an oral language. They have complex grammars of their own, and can be used to discuss any topic, from the simple and concrete to the lofty and abstract. References : Holyoke, Mount. 2012. Speaking and Arguing. Available on : http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm. Accessed on: February 9th, 2012. wikipedia.org. 2012. Sign language. Available on : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessed on: February 9th, 2012.
ORAL LANGUAGE In Katlyn Joy’s website (2012) Oral language involves both speaking and listening, or expressive and receptive language. It is a process whose development requires social interaction. While not all communication is oral, it is still the interaction of parent and child oral communication that builds a child's vocabulary. The purpose of oral language development is connection with others and understanding experiences.
Furthermore, Holbrook (1983) Many studies have indicated that oral language development has largely been neglected in the classroom
In the other hand, according to Teale (1988) Oral language begins to develop at a very young age as children and parents interact with one another in the natural surroundings of the home environment. Oral language is complex one model for understanding its components and how they interact with one another
SIGN LANGUAGE According to wikipedia a sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts.
WRITTEN LANGUAGE Wikipedia said that written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children, who will instinctively learn or createspoken or gestural languages
Furthermore, Casey MW (2007) Written Language refers to communication in its written form - specifically skills contributing to and including reading and writing. Citizendium defines Written language is a way of recording language using any of various instruments and material, such as pen and paper, chisel and stone, or computers. The language itself is either spoken or signed, so written language develops as a way of representing what has been said. In many cultures, community languages are unwritten (such as Pirahã in Brazil)
Then, in About.com explain that written communications can come much more slowly in English than spoken communications. There are a number of reasons for this: • Written communication is more formal • Spoken communication allows for more 'mistakes' • Less reflection goes into spoken English than written English • Expectations are much higher for formal written English
So, in my opion the summary of the differencess among oral, sign, written language are different from the way of presentation, that is oral with the conversation, sign with motions without speaking, and written with a writing. I will give the example of them: • Oral language : When someone speaking with the other or makes a conversation. • Sign language : You show two fingers and pointed to a book without talking and then someone else will catch you, (meaning: two books) • Written language : You make a note, story, essay, and so on in English language.
Reference: Katlyn Joy.2012.What Is Oral Language Development in Reading?. Available on: http://www.ehow.com/about_6395103_oral-language-development-reading_.html Accessed on: February 10th, 2012.
Willmington, S. Clay.1993."Oral Communication Skills Necessary for Successful Teaching." Educational Research Quarterly Available on:http://www.ericdigests.org/1996-3/oral.htm Accessed on: February 10th, 2012.
Stokoe, William C.1976. Dictionary of American Sign Language on Linguistic Principles Available on:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language Accessed on: February 10th, 2012.
Citizendium.2008.Written language Available on: http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Welcome_to_Citizendium Accessed on: February 10th, 2012.
Kenneth Beare.2012.written language Available on:http://esl.about.com/od/esleflteachingtechnique/a/difference_speaking_writing.htm Accessed on: February 10th, 2012.
The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts. Oral communication uses words with fewer syllables than the written language, the sentences are shorter, and self-referencing pronouns such as I are common. Oral communication also allows incomplete sentences if delivered properly, and many sentences will begin with "and," "but," and "except." On the other hand, oral communication can be significantly more effective in expressing meaning to an audience. This distinction between precision and effectiveness is due to the extensive repertoire of signals available to the speaker: gestures, intonation, inflection, volume, pitch, pauses, movement, visual cues such as appearance, and a whole host of other ways to communicate meaning.
References: Vincent Ferraro and Kathryn C. Palmer. Differences Between Oral and Written Communication. Available on: http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm. access on: 09/02/2012. Wikipedia. Sign language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language. access on: 09/02/2012.
Distinguish among oral, sign and written language!
The development of oral language is an ongoing natural learning process. Children observe oral communication in many contexts – home, preschool, prekindergarten, and begin to develop concepts about its purposes (Dyson, 1983; Halliday,1994;Martinez, 1983). Target skill areas such as sequencing, classification, and letter sounds oral language skills are all components of early childhood educational programs (Kelley and Zamar, 1994). Rog (2001), provides a list of child's oral language skills as a means of evaluating a child's oral language and vocabulary: Behaviors • Uses appropriate volume and tone of voice • Knows how to take turns when speaking • Stays on topic • Asks Questions • Seems to pay attention when another person is speaking Vocabulary • Can name colors, numbers, and names of familiar objects • Uses vocabulary appropriately for purpose and audience • Is able to retell parts or all of a story read aloud • Understands and uses prepositions such as under, over, in, and beside • Understand directions Language Structures • Can use connectors such as and, so, because, and if • Often speaks in complete sentences • Generally speaks with grammatical correctness Speech Sounds • Articulates speech sounds correctly • Speaks clearly and fluently A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts. In linguistic terms, sign languages are as rich and complex as any oral language, despite the common misconception that they are not "real languages". Professional linguists have studied many sign languages and found that they exhibit the fundamental properties that exist in all languages
On the whole, sign languages are independent of oral languages and follow their own paths of development. For example, British Sign Language and American Sign Language are quite different and mutually unintelligible, even though the hearing people of Britain and America share the same oral language. The grammars of sign languages do usually not resemble that of spoken languages used in the same geographical area; in fact, in terms of syntax, ASL shares more with spoken Japanese than it does with English.
written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children, who will instinctively learn or create spoken or gestural languages. A written language exists only as a complement to a specific spoken or gestural language, and no natural language is purely written. However, extinct languages may be in effect purely written when only their writings survive.
Written languages change more slowly than corresponding spoken languages. When one or more registers of a language come to be strongly divergent from spoken language, the resulting situation is called diglossia. However, such diglossia is often considered as one language, between literary language and other registers, especially if the writing system reflects its pronunciation.
Reference:
Candogo.com. 2009. Available on: http://www.candogo.com/search/insight?i=967. accesed on 12 February 2012S Maurano. Margaret E. 2012. Available on: http://www.bridgew.edu/library/cags_projects/mmaurano/OralLanguage.htm. accesed on 12 February 2012
Wikipedia. 2012. sign language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessed on 12 February 2012
Wikipedia. 2012. written language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_language. Accessed on 12 February 2012
Name: Putra Mahesa Satria Nim: 09250045 Number 5: Distinguish among oral,sign and written language! 7 February 2012 sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language 25 January 2012 written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children, who will instinctively learn or create spoken or gestural languages. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_language ORAL Oral tests become more common as your college career progresses. During an oral test, both your knowledge of a subject and your communication skills are being evaluated. Oral tests may take place in front of one person, a panel or a class. Formal oral tests usually follow a list of questions. You know how to answer the question. You should not give out any extra information unless you have asked. During informal tests, you can give longer responses with more information. When you study for an oral test, be sure you are prepared. Ask your teacher for information as to what is expected on the test. A sign is something that implies a connection between itself and its object. A natural sign bears a causal relation to its object—for instance, thunder is a sign of storm. A conventional sign signifies by agreement, as a full stop signifies the end of a sentence. (This is in contrast to a symbol which stands for another thing, as a flag may be a symbol of a nation). The nature of signs has long been discussed in philosophy. Initially, within linguistics and later semiotics, there were two general schools of thought: those who proposed that signs are ‘dyadic’ (i.e. having two parts), and those who proposed that signs are interpreted in a recursive pattern of triadic (i.e. three-part) relationships. Wikipedia.2012.Written Language.Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_language.
The development of oral language is an ongoing natural learning process. Children observe oral communication in many contexts – home, preschool, prekindergarten, and begin to develop concepts about its purposes (Dyson, 1983; Halliday,1994;Martinez, 1983).
Written language
Vachek (2005) defines written language, tentatively, as "the system of grammatical means employed for the purpose of producing written utterances acceptable in the given language community.
Sign language
Answers.com defines sign language, a language that uses a system of manual, facial, and other body movements as the means of communication, especially among deaf people. Or a method of communication, as between speakers of different languages, that uses hand movements and other gestures.
References
Answers.com. 2012. Sign Language. available on: http://www.answers.com/topic/sign-language. accessed on: february 10th, 2012
http://www.criticism.com/da/vachek1.php. accessed on: february 10th, 2012
mondofacto.com. 2009. Oral Language. available on: http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?oral+language. accessed on: february 10th, 2012
Education.com.(2012). Oral Language Spoken aspect of language that can be heard, interpreted, and understood (Note: Do not confuse with the behavioral concept of "Speech Communication").
Education.com.(2012). Oral Language. available on: http://www.education.com/definition/oral-language/ accessed on: February 10 th 2012
Wikipedia.com.(2012). A sign language is a language which conveys meaning through visual rather than acoustic patterns—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to express a speaker's thoughts.
Wikipedia.com.(2012). Natural language.available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language accessed on: February 10 th 2012
Farlex.(2012). Written Language is Communication by means of written symbols (either printed or handwritten)
Farlex.(2012). Definition written language. Available on: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/written+language accessed on: February 10 th 2012
References:
Education.com.(2012). Oral Language. available on: http://www.education.com/definition/oral-language/ accessed on: February 10 th 2012
Wikipedia.com.(2012). Natural language.available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language accessed on: February 10 th 2012
Farlex.(2012). Definition written language. Available on: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/written+language accessed on: February 10 th 2012
PSYCOLINGUISTIC 5 Distinguish among oral, sign and written language!
Oral is a spoken test, kind of like a spelling bee. And a written test, is obviously, the tests that you write out, like the tests you take in school. adj. 1. Spoken rather than written. See Usage Note at verbal. 2. Of or relating to the mouth: oral surgery. 3. Used in or taken through the mouth: an oral thermometer; an oral vaccine. 4. Consisting of or using speech: oral instruction. 5. Linguistics. Articulated through the mouth only, with the nasal passages closed. 6. Psychology. Of or relating to the first stage of psychosexual development in psychoanalytic theory, from birth to about 18 months, during which the mouth is the chief focus of exploration and pleasure. The oral stage is followed by the anal stage. n. An academic examination in which questions and answers are spoken rather than written. Often used in the plural. Oral communication uses words with fewer syllables than the written language, the sentences are shorter, and self-referencing pronouns such as I are common. Oral communication also allows incomplete sentences if delivered properly, and many sentences will begin with "and," "but," and "except."
The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. These attributes of writing are possible because the pace of involvement is controlled by both the writer and the reader. The writer can write and rewrite at great length, a span of time which in some cases can be measured in years. Similarly, the reader can read quickly or slowly or even stop to think about what he or she has just read. More importantly, the reader always has the option of re-reading; even if that option is not exercised, its mere possibility has an effect upon a reader's understanding of a text. The written word appeals more to a contemplative, deliberative style.
Sign Language No one form of sign language is universal. Different sign languages are used in different countries or regions. For example, British Sign Language (BSL) is a different language from ASL, and Americans who know ASL may not understand BSL. Sign Language is a visual means of communicating using gestures, facial expression, and body language. Sign Language is used mainly by Deaf people and people with hearing difficulties.
British Sign Language Within Britain the most common form of Sign Language is called British Sign Language (BSL). BSL has it's own grammatical structure and syntax, as a language it is not dependant nor is it strongly related to spoken English. BSL is the preferred language of between 50,000 - 70,000 people within the UK.
Oral language acquisition is a natural process for children. It occurs almost without effort. The ability to speak grows with age, but it does not mean that such growth will automatically lead to perfectio
Sign language
A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts.
E.g. Wwhen we sit in front of the office,usually there is a picture of cigarettes, but it is crossed. It is mean forbiden for us to smoke there.
Written language
Witten language communication by means of written symbols (either printed or handwritten). Written language is a way of recording language using any of various instruments and material, such as pen and paper, chisel and stone, or computers. The language itself is either spoken or signed, so written language develops as a way of representing what has been said.
References:
Citizendium. 2008. Written language. available on: http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Written_language. accessed on: february 13th, 2012
MedicineNet.com. 2012. Definition of Sign language. available on: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=39158. accessed on: february 13th, 2012
Wikipedia. 2012. Sign language. available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language. accessed on: february 13th, 2012
1. Oral Languge Oral language is the base on which the other language arts develop (Sticht & James, 1984). Oral language involves both speaking and listening, or expressive and receptive language. It is a process whose development requires social interaction. While not all communication is oral, it is still the interaction of parent and child oral communication that builds a child's vocabulary. Early communication between infants and caregivers involves gestures, facial expressions and cries; over time and with interaction babies will develop oral language from those basic forms of communication. Children must be able to speak and understand a word before they can read or write it. 2. Sign Language A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts. Sign Language is a visual means of communicating using gestures, facial expression, and body language. Sign Language is used mainly by Deaf people and people with hearing difficulties. Sign languages, like oral languages, organize elementary, meaningless units (phonemes; once called cheremes in the case of sign languages) into meaningful semantic units. A common misconception is that sign languages are somehow dependent on oral languages, that is, that they are oral language spelled out in gesture, or that they were invented by hearing people. 3. Written Language A written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing system. Written Language refers to communication in its written form - most commonly in the forms of reading and writing. However we are in a need for oral language; speaking and listening skills are acquired naturally by young children remarkably without the need for having to teach them. Oral and written language are closely intertwined. Therapy to work on language delays and disorders is often done in combination with reading and writing activities. As children develop an understanding of written language and begin to read and write, it is clear that they acquire much of their new vocabulary through reading.
REFERENCES: Joy, ketlyn. 2012. What is oral language development in reading?. Available on: http://www.ehow.com/about_6395103_oral-language-development-reading_.html. Accessed on: February 9th 2012 Mifflin,Houghton Company. 1997. Oral language: speaking and listening. Available on: http://www.eduplace.com/rdg/res/literacy/in_lang1.html. Accessed on: February 9th 2012 Wikipedia. 2012. Sign Language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessed on: February 9th 2012 Wikipedia. 2012. Written language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_language. Accessed on: February 9th 2012
PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 5 TASK 5: 10 FEB 2012 Distinguish among oral, sign and written language! A. Oral Communication Oral communication describes any type of inter-action that makes use of spoken words, and it is a vital, integral part of the modern business world. "The ability to communicate effectively through speaking as well as in writing is highly valued, and demanded, in business, " Herta A. Murphy and Herbert W. Hildebrandt wrote in their book Effective Business Communications. "Knowing the content of the functional areas of business is important, but to give life to those ideas—in meetings or in solo presentations—demands an effective oral presentation." The types of oral communication commonly used within an organization include staff meetings, personal discussions, presentations, telephone discourse, and informal conversation. Oral communication with those outside of the organization might take the form of face-to-face meetings, telephone calls, speeches, teleconferences, or videoconferences.
B. Sign Language A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts. C. Written Language A written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children, who will instinctively learn or create spoken or gestural languages. Written Language refers to communication in its written form - most commonly in the forms of reading and writing. However we are in a need for oral language; speaking and listening skills are acquired naturally by young children remarkably without the need for having to teach them. Language in its written form has become a process that is required in our oral language rules and must be clearly taught. There are many languages in our world that exist, but do not have a written form. REFERENCES: Answers.com. 2012. Oral Communication. Available on: http://www.answers.com/topic/oral-communication#ixzz1mHimsG3b. Accessed on: February 14, 2012.
Answers.com. 2012. Oral Communication. Available on: http://www.answers.com/topic/oral-communication. Accessed on: February 14, 2012. Wikipedia. 2012. Sign Language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language#Sign_languages.27_relationships_with_oral_languages. Accessed on: February 14, 2012. Wikipedia. 2012. Written Language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_language. Accessed on: February 14, 2012.
Differences Between Oral and Written Communication Most of us intuitively understand that there are differences between oral and written language. All communication includes the transfer of information from one person to another, and while the transfer of information is only the first step in the process of understanding a complex phenomenon, it is an important first step. Writing is a fairly static form of transfer. Speaking is a dynamic transfer of information. To be an effective speaker, you must exploit the dynamism of oral communication, but also learn to work within its limitations. While there is a higher level of immediacy and a lower level of retention in the spoken word, a speaker has more ability to engage the audience psychologically and to use complex forms of non-verbal communication The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. These attributes of writing are possible because the pace of involvement is controlled by both the writer and the reader. The writer can write and rewrite at great length, a span of time which in some cases can be measured in years. Similarly, the reader can read quickly or slowly or even stop to think about what he or she has just read. More importantly, the reader always has the option of re-reading; even if that option is not exercised, its mere possibility has an effect upon a reader's understanding of a text. The written word appeals more to a contemplative, deliberative style. Speeches can also be precise and indeed they ought to be. But precision in oral communication comes only with a great deal of preparation and compression. Once spoken, words cannot be retracted, although one can apologize for a mistake and improvise a clarification or qualification. One can read from a written text and achieve the same degree of verbal precision as written communication. But word-for-word reading from a text is not speech-making, and in most circumstances audiences find speech-reading boring and retain very little of the information transmitted. On the other hand, oral communication can be significantly more effective in expressing meaning to an audience. This distinction between precision and effectiveness is due to the extensive repertoire of signals available to the speaker: gestures, intonation, inflection, volume, pitch, pauses, movement, visual cues such as appearance, and a whole host of other ways to communicate meaning. A speaker has significantly more control over what the listener will hear than the writer has over what the reader will read. For these techniques to be effective, however, the speaker needs to make sure that he or she has the audience's attention--audiences do not have the luxury of re-reading the words spoken. The speaker, therefore, must become a reader of the audience. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm
(Dyson, 1983; Halliday, 1994; Sulzby,1985), a great deal of research has been done in the field of oral language acquisition. As a means of attempting to negotiate their environment children actively construct language From a child's earliest experience with personal narrative development, oral language acquisition must be continually fostered. (IRA and NAEYC, 1998). This becomes the building block for establishing success in all areas of literacy. (Teale, 1978; Yaden, 1988), oral language begins to develop at a very young age as children and parents interact with one another in the natural surroundings of the home environment A child's home environment greatly impacts the rate, quality and ability to communicate with others (MacLean, Bryant and Bradley, 1987; Martinez, 1983; National Research Council 1999). Factors related to language growth in the home environment include parent interaction, books, being read to, modeling; home language and literacy routines all closely parallel those of the classroom and school. Dyson, 1983; Halliday,1994;Martinez, 1983), the development of oral language is an ongoing natural learning process. Children observe oral communication in many contexts – home, preschool, prekindergarten, and begin to develop concepts about its purposes (. Target skill areas such as sequencing, classification, and letter sounds oral language skills are all components of early childhood educational programs (Kelley and Zamar, 1994). Deaf, sign languagea formal language employing a system of hand gestures for communication (as compare finger spelling). Sign language also, a language that uses a system of manual, facial, and other body movements as the means of communication, especially among deaf people. And method of communication, as between speakers of different languages, that uses hand movements and other gestures. Written language is an easy way to enhance the inheritance of culture, standards and uniformity, to accumulate and bequeath knowledge and skills and the profit is belonging and the realization of accomplishment. The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. These attributes of writing are possible because the pace of involvement is controlled by both the writer and the reader. The writer can write and rewrite at great length, a span of time which in some cases can be measured in years. Similarly, the reader can read quickly or slowly or even stop to think about what he or she has just read. More importantly, the reader always has the option of re-reading; even if that option is not exercised, its mere possibility has an effect upon a reader's understanding of a text. The written word appeals more to a contemplative, deliberative style. References Brentari D (1999) A Prosodic Model of Sign Language Phonology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0262024454. Available on http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessedon9February,2012 Nakamura K (2002) 'About American Sign Language.' Deaf Resource Library. Avaiable on:http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessed 9 on February, 2012 Roskos,Tabors,&Lenhart(2005).orallanguageAvailableon:http://www.eduplace.com/rdg/res/literacy/in_lang1.html.. http://www.readt Accessed 9 on February, 2012
(Dyson, 1983; Halliday, 1994; Sulzby,1985), a great deal of research has been done in the field of oral language acquisition. As a means of attempting to negotiate their environment children actively construct language From a child's earliest experience with personal narrative development, oral language acquisition must be continually fostered. (IRA and NAEYC, 1998). This becomes the building block for establishing success in all areas of literacy. (Teale, 1978; Yaden, 1988), oral language begins to develop at a very young age as children and parents interact with one another in the natural surroundings of the home environment A child's home environment greatly impacts the rate, quality and ability to communicate with others (MacLean, Bryant and Bradley, 1987; Martinez, 1983; National Research Council 1999). Factors related to language growth in the home environment include parent interaction, books, being read to, modeling; home language and literacy routines all closely parallel those of the classroom and school. Dyson, 1983; Halliday,1994;Martinez, 1983), the development of oral language is an ongoing natural learning process. Children observe oral communication in many contexts – home, preschool, prekindergarten, and begin to develop concepts about its purposes (. Target skill areas such as sequencing, classification, and letter sounds oral language skills are all components of early childhood educational programs (Kelley and Zamar, 1994). Deaf, sign languagea formal language employing a system of hand gestures for communication (as compare finger spelling). Sign language also, a language that uses a system of manual, facial, and other body movements as the means of communication, especially among deaf people. And method of communication, as between speakers of different languages, that uses hand movements and other gestures. Written language is an easy way to enhance the inheritance of culture, standards and uniformity, to accumulate and bequeath knowledge and skills and the profit is belonging and the realization of accomplishment. The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. These attributes of writing are possible because the pace of involvement is controlled by both the writer and the reader. The writer can write and rewrite at great length, a span of time which in some cases can be measured in years. Similarly, the reader can read quickly or slowly or even stop to think about what he or she has just read. More importantly, the reader always has the option of re-reading; even if that option is not exercised, its mere possibility has an effect upon a reader's understanding of a text. The written word appeals more to a contemplative, deliberative style. References Brentari D (1999) A Prosodic Model of Sign Language Phonology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0262024454. Available on http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessedon9February,2012 Nakamura K (2002) 'About American Sign Language.' Deaf Resource Library. Avaiable on:http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessed 9 on February, 2012 Roskos,Tabors,&Lenhart(2005).orallanguageAvailableon:http://www.eduplace.com/rdg/res/literacy/in_lang1.html.. http://www.readt Accessed 9 on February, 2012
(Dyson, 1983; Halliday, 1994; Sulzby,1985), a great deal of research has been done in the field of oral language acquisition. As a means of attempting to negotiate their environment children actively construct language From a child's earliest experience with personal narrative development, oral language acquisition must be continually fostered. (IRA and NAEYC, 1998). This becomes the building block for establishing success in all areas of literacy. (Teale, 1978; Yaden, 1988), oral language begins to develop at a very young age as children and parents interact with one another in the natural surroundings of the home environment A child's home environment greatly impacts the rate, quality and ability to communicate with others (MacLean, Bryant and Bradley, 1987; Martinez, 1983; National Research Council 1999). Factors related to language growth in the home environment include parent interaction, books, being read to, modeling; home language and literacy routines all closely parallel those of the classroom and school. Dyson, 1983; Halliday,1994;Martinez, 1983), the development of oral language is an ongoing natural learning process. Children observe oral communication in many contexts – home, preschool, prekindergarten, and begin to develop concepts about its purposes (. Target skill areas such as sequencing, classification, and letter sounds oral language skills are all components of early childhood educational programs (Kelley and Zamar, 1994). Deaf, sign languagea formal language employing a system of hand gestures for communication (as compare finger spelling). Sign language also, a language that uses a system of manual, facial, and other body movements as the means of communication, especially among deaf people. And method of communication, as between speakers of different languages, that uses hand movements and other gestures. Written language is an easy way to enhance the inheritance of culture, standards and uniformity, to accumulate and bequeath knowledge and skills and the profit is belonging and the realization of accomplishment. The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. These attributes of writing are possible because the pace of involvement is controlled by both the writer and the reader. The writer can write and rewrite at great length, a span of time which in some cases can be measured in years. Similarly, the reader can read quickly or slowly or even stop to think about what he or she has just read. More importantly, the reader always has the option of re-reading; even if that option is not exercised, its mere possibility has an effect upon a reader's understanding of a text. The written word appeals more to a contemplative, deliberative style. References Brentari D (1999) A Prosodic Model of Sign Language Phonology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0262024454. Available on http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessedon9February,2012 Nakamura K (2002) 'About American Sign Language.' Deaf Resource Library. Avaiable on:http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessed 9 on February, 2012 Roskos,Tabors,&Lenhart(2005).orallanguageAvailableon:http://www.eduplace.com/rdg/res/literacy/in_lang1.html.. http://www.readt Accessed 9 on February, 2012
Distinguish among oral, sign and written language !
ReplyDeleteOral is spoken or people talk using their mouths, and sound
Example : there are two man meet in cafe, they talk each other about their nation.
( they use mouth, tounge, and the other sound organs to talk each other )
Written is read or This is a way of expressing what we are trying to say in the English
alphabet
Example : just like I am doing now, write this assignment
Sign is something that implies a connection between itself and its object. This is in contrast to
a symbol which stands for another thing
Example :
flag is symbol of nation
+ is symbol of hospital
Spoon and fork is symbol of restaurant
Etc
REFERENCES
Tellit, will. What is the difference between oral and written communication?. Avaible on : http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_oral_and_written_communication. Access on : february, 09th 2012 ; 08:33 pm
Avaible on : http://www.blurtit.com/q454362.html. Access on : february, 09th 2012 ; 08:33 pm
30 November 2011 at 21:33. Avaible on : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign. Access on : february, 09th 2012 ; 08:33 pm
10 FEBRUARY 2012
ReplyDeleteDistinguish among oral, sign and written language!
Leann Richards, (1997), Oral and written language each has unique characteristics. Command of these features will improve communication skills. Oral and written language is completely different, and there are separate skills and strategies associated with each. Oral or spoken language is the language used to communicate in everyday life. In English, oral language is characterized by features such as, use of contractions, informality and use of personal pronouns.
Wikipedia, (2012),A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts.
Reference :
Leann Richards, (1997), Oral and written language, Available on: http://leann-richards.suite101.com/oral-and-written-language-a301070, Accessed on 9 February 2012
Wikipedia, (2012), sign language, Available on:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language, Accessed on 9 February 2012
Oral Language
ReplyDeleteOral language is a key component of all instruction. Oral language involves both receptive language (the ability to understand spoken language) and expressive language (the ability to use words to convey meaning). Oral language is used in communication, can be significantly more effective in expressing meaning to an audience. This distinction between precision and effectiveness is due to the extensive repertoire of signals available to the speaker: gestures, intonation, inflection, volume, pitch, pauses, movement, visual cues such as appearance, and a whole host of other ways to communicate meaning.
Sign Language
Sign language is a system of language in which expressions are conveyed using body movements rather than the human voice. Hands, arms, facial muscles and the body's orientation and movement may be used to communicate and share information - a modality as complex as any spoken language for the signers in whom it is a native or second language. Most signers are deaf or hard of hearing, though any child exposed to a sign language in their first years will acquire it, perhaps along side a spoken language.
Written Language
The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. In the written language usually use standard language as a guidance, and it usually take place in the formal area.
References :
Brentari D.1999. A Prosodic Model of Sign Language Phonology. Cambridge. Available on http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessed on February, 09th 2012
Ferraro, Vincent & Palmer, Kathryn C. 2005. Written and Oral Language. Available on http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm. Accessed on February, 09th 2012
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ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteTask 5. Distinguish among oral, sign and written language!
ReplyDeleteDistinguish among oral language and written language
The difference is that oral language is a way in which people talk using their mouths, and sound. Language allows us to talk to people by making a sound from our mouth and their ears picking up the sounds that we make. Written language is much different. This is a way of expressing what we are trying to say in the English alphabet - just like I am doing now. Essentially, these are the two most common ways in which people communicate in the Western world. So what ways can be communicate orally? Obviously there's the traditional method of talking to each other face to face. This is the art of language and we do it every day.
for example : You can also communicate orally over the phone, too. The telephone allows you to communicate with people all over the world without having to resort to writing them letters. You can simply talk as if you would face to face. This is still oral communication.
Written language is just as obvious. Written language can be something like this answer. I'm communicating with you via text. A letter is also a perfect example of written communication. Letters have been written through hundreds of years using the English language, as well as many others that predate it. It's a great way of communicating long distance but can often lack emotion and feeling.
Distinguish among sign language and oral language.
A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts. A Common misconception is that sign languages are somehow dependent on oral languages, that is, that they are oral language spelled out in gesture, or that they were invented by hearing people. Hearing teachers in deaf schools, such as Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, are often incorrectly referred to as “inventors” of sign language. Although not part of sign languages, elements from the Manual alphabets (finger spelling) may be used in signed communication, mostly for proper names and concepts for which no sign is available at that moment. Elements from the manual alphabet can sometimes be a source of new signs (e.g. initialized signs, in which the shape of the hand represents the first letter of the word for the sign).
On the whole, sign languages are independent of oral languages and follow their own paths of development. For example, British Sign Language and American Sign Language are quite different and mutually unintelligible, even though the hearing people of Britain and America share the same oral language. The grammars of sign languages do usually not resemble that of spoken languages used in the same geographical area; in fact, in terms of syntax, ASL shares more with spoken Japanese than it does with English.[18]
Reference
Stokoe, William C. (1960). Sign language structure: An outline of the visual communication systems of the American deaf. Studies in
Ferraro and Kathryn C. Palme, Speaking and Arguing: The Rhetoric of Peace and War, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075
Joy (2012) : Oral language involves both speaking and listening, or expressive and receptive language. It is a process whose development requires social interaction. Early communication between infants and caregivers involves gestures, facial expressions and cries.
ReplyDeleteOral language is the base on which the other language arts develop.
So, the oral language is spoken aspect of language that can be heard, interpreted, and understood
wikipedia.org (2012) : A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts. Wherever communities of deaf people exist, sign languages develop. Their complex spatial grammars are markedly different from the grammars of spoken languages.[1][2] Hundreds of sign languages are in use around the world and are at the cores of local deaf cultures. Some sign languages have obtained some form of legal recognition, while others have no status at all.
For example, when they want to say “two” they will use two fingers.
wikipedia.org (2012) : A written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children, who will instinctively learn or create spoken or gestural languages.[citation needed]
A written language exists only as a complement to a specific spoken or gestural language, and no natural language is purely written. Written language is an easy way to enhance the inheritance of culture, standards and uniformity, to accumulate and bequeath knowledge and skills and the profit is belonging and the realization of accomplishment.
So, the differences among them are, if Oral communication uses words with fewer syllables than the written language, the sentences are shorter, and self-referencing pronouns. Oral communication also allows incomplete sentences if delivered properly, and many sentences will begin with "and," "but," and "except." Then the written language is the complete sentence and in correct grammar. And then, Writing is a fairly static form of transfer. But, Speaking is a dynamic transfer of information. But, if sign language is a language that use symbols to say something without sounds. They usually use their fingers, arms, head, and body.
REFFERENCES
Joy, Katlyn. 2012. Oral Language Development Reading. Available on: http://www.ehow.com/about_6395103_oral-language-development-reading_.html. Accessed on 10th February 2012.
wikipedia.org. 2012. Sign Language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessed on 10th February 2012.
wikipedia.org. 2012. Written Language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_language. Accessed on 10th February 2012.
Task 5 : 10 Feb 2012
ReplyDeleteDistinguish Among Oral,Sign and Written Language!
Most of us intuitively understand that there are differences between oral and written language. All communication includes the transfer of information from one person to another, and while the transfer of information is only the first step in the process of understanding a complex phenomenon, it is an important first step. Writing is a fairly static form of transfer. Speaking is a dynamic transfer of information. To be an effective speaker, you must exploit the dynamism of oral communication, but also learn to work within its limitations. While there is a higher level of immediacy and a lower level of retention in the spoken word, a speaker has more ability to engage the audience psychologically and to use complex forms of non-verbal communication
The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. These attributes of writing are possible because the pace of involvement is controlled by both the writer and the reader. The writer can write and rewrite at great length, a span of time which in some cases can be measured in years. Similarly, the reader can read quickly or slowly or even stop to think about what he or she has just read. More importantly, the reader always has the option of re-reading; even if that option is not exercised, its mere possibility has an effect upon a reader's understanding of a text. The written word appeals more to a contemplative, deliberative style.
Speeches can also be precise and indeed they ought to be. But precision in oral communication comes only with a great deal of preparation and compression. Once spoken, words cannot be retracted, although one can apologize for a mistake and improvise a clarification or qualification. One can read from a written text and achieve the same degree of verbal precision as written communication. But word-for-word reading from a text is not speech-making, and in most circumstances audiences find speech-reading boring and retain very little of the information transmitted.
References
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm
http://www.candogo.com/search/insight?i=967
Task 5 : 10 Feb 2012
ReplyDeleteDistinguish Among Oral,Sign and Written Language!
Most of us intuitively understand that there are differences between oral and written language. All communication includes the transfer of information from one person to another, and while the transfer of information is only the first step in the process of understanding a complex phenomenon, it is an important first step. Writing is a fairly static form of transfer. Speaking is a dynamic transfer of information. To be an effective speaker, you must exploit the dynamism of oral communication, but also learn to work within its limitations. While there is a higher level of immediacy and a lower level of retention in the spoken word, a speaker has more ability to engage the audience psychologically and to use complex forms of non-verbal communication
The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. These attributes of writing are possible because the pace of involvement is controlled by both the writer and the reader. The writer can write and rewrite at great length, a span of time which in some cases can be measured in years. Similarly, the reader can read quickly or slowly or even stop to think about what he or she has just read. More importantly, the reader always has the option of re-reading; even if that option is not exercised, its mere possibility has an effect upon a reader's understanding of a text. The written word appeals more to a contemplative, deliberative style.
Speeches can also be precise and indeed they ought to be. But precision in oral communication comes only with a great deal of preparation and compression. Once spoken, words cannot be retracted, although one can apologize for a mistake and improvise a clarification or qualification. One can read from a written text and achieve the same degree of verbal precision as written communication. But word-for-word reading from a text is not speech-making, and in most circumstances audiences find speech-reading boring and retain very little of the information transmitted.
References
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm
http://www.candogo.com/search/insight?i=967
Distinguish among oral, sign and written language!
ReplyDeleteTeale (1978) Oral language begins to develop at a very young age as children and parents interact with one another in the natural surroundings of the home environment . A child's home environment greatly impacts the rate, quality and ability to communicate with others (MacLean, Bryant and Bradley, 1987; Martinez, 1983; National Research Council 1999).
Wikipedia (2012) A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts.
Bauman, dirksen (1998) The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy.
A common misconception is that sign languages are somehow dependent on oral languages, that is, that they are oral language spelled out in gesture, or that they were invented by hearing people. Hearing teachers in deaf schools are often incorrectly referred to as “inventors” of sign language.
Although not part of sign languages, elements from the Manual alphabets (finger spelling) may be used in signed communication, mostly for proper names and concepts for which no sign is available at that moment. Elements from the manual alphabet can sometimes be a source of new signs (e.g. initialized signs, in which the shape of the hand represents the first letter of the word for the sign).
References :
Wikipedia(2012). Sign language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessed on: 9 february 2012.
Teale (1978). Oral language. Available on: http://www.bridgew.edu/library/cags_projects/mmau rano/OralLanguage.htm. accessed: 9 february 2012.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_tradition
Bauman, Dirksen (1998). Written language. Available on:http://www.chevroncars.com/learn/his tory/first -written-language. Accessed on: 9 february 2012.
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm
Name : Muji Lestari
ReplyDeleteNIM : 09 25 0038
DISTINGUISH AMONG ORAL, SIGN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE
ORAL
Oral tests become more common as your college career progresses. During an oral test, both your knowledge of a subject and your communication skills are being evaluated. Oral tests may take place in front of one person, a panel or a class. Formal oral tests usually follow a list of questions. You know how to answer the question. You should not give out any extra information unless you have asked. During informal tests, you can give longer responses with more information. When you study for an oral test, be sure you are prepared. Ask your teacher for information as to what is expected on the test.
A sign is something that implies a connection between itself and its object. A natural sign bears a causal relation to its object—for instance, thunder is a sign of storm. A conventional sign signifies by agreement, as a full stop signifies the end of a sentence. (This is in contrast to a symbol which stands for another thing, as a flag may be a symbol of a nation).
The nature of signs has long been discussed in philosophy. Initially, within linguistics and later semiotics, there were two general schools of thought: those who proposed that signs are ‘dyadic’ (i.e. having two parts), and those who proposed that signs are interpreted in a recursive pattern of triadic (i.e. three-part) relationships.
WRITTEN LANGUAGE
Written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children, who will instinctively learn or create spoken or gestural languages. Written Language refers to communication in its written form - most commonly in the forms of reading and writing. However we are in a need for oral language; speaking and listening skills are acquired naturally by young children remarkably without the need for having to teach them. Language in its written form has become a process that is required in our oral language rules and must be clearly taught. There are many languages in our world that exist, but do not have a written form.
DIFFERENCE AMONG ORAL, SIGN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE
Oral communication can be significantly more effective in expressing meaning to an audience. This distinction between precision and effectiveness is due to the extensive repertoire of signals available to the speaker: gestures, intonation, inflection, volume, pitch, pauses, movement, visual cues such as appearance, and a whole host of other ways to communicate meaning.
A sign is something that implies a connection between itself and its object. A natural sign bears a causal relation to its object—for instance, thunder is a sign of storm. A conventional sign signifies by agreement, as a full stop signifies the end of a sentence. (This is in contrast to a symbol which stands for another thing, as a flag may be a symbol of a nation). Uses of conventional signs are varied. Usually the goal is to elicit a response or simply inform.
The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy.
So the differences among oral, sign and written language are, oral as a action, sign as a symbol and written as an evidanc
REFFERENCES
Wikipedia.2012.Written Language.Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_language.
Accessed on 25 January 2012.
Wikipedia.2011.Sign.Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign.
Accessed on 30 November 2011.
Wikipedia.2012.Oral Test.Available on: http://www.studytips.org/oraltests.htm.
Accessed on 2012.
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm
Oxford Dictionary
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteTask 5
ReplyDeleteDistinguish among oral, sign and written language
The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy.
oral communication can be significantly more effective in expressing meaning to an audience. Vincent Ferraro and Kathryn C. Palmer
A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (body language). Sign language includes those important but unspoken signals that individuals exhibit, specifically : carriage/posture, appearance, listening, eye contact, hand gestures and facial expressions.
William C. (1960). Sign language structure: An outline of the visual communication systems of the American deaf. Studies in linguistics: Occasional papers (No. 8). Buffalo: Dept. of Anthropology and Linguistics, University at Buffalo.
References:
C William.1960.sign language structure. available on:http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm.access on 9 february 2012.
Ferraro vincen.available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language .access on 9 february 2012.
Distinguish among oral, sign and written language!
ReplyDeleteThe written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. These attributes of writing are possible because the pace of involvement is controlled by both the writer and the reader. The writer can write and rewrite at great length, a span of time which in some cases can be measured in years. Similarly, the reader can read quickly or slowly or even stop to think about what he or she has just read. More importantly, the reader always has the option of re-reading; even if that option is not exercised, its mere possibility has an effect upon a reader's understanding of a text. The written word appeals more to a contemplative, deliberative style.
oral communication can be significantly more effective in expressing meaning to an audience. This distinction between precision and effectiveness is due to the extensive repertoire of signals available to the speaker: gestures, intonation, inflection, volume, pitch, pauses, movement, visual cues such as appearance, and a whole host of other ways to communicate meaning. A speaker has significantly more control over what the listener will hear than the writer has over what the reader will read. For these techniques to be effective, however, the speaker needs to make sure that he or she has the audience's attention--audiences do not have the luxury of re-reading the words spoken. The speaker, therefore, must become a reader of the audience
A sign language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts.
In linguistic terms, sign languages are as rich and complex as any oral language, despite the common misconception that they are not "real languages". Professional linguists have studied many sign languages and found that they exhibit the fundamental properties that exist in all languages.
Sign languages are not mime – in other words, signs are conventional, often arbitrary and do not necessarily have a visual relationship to their referent, much as most spoken language is not onomatopoeic. While iconicity is more systematic and widespread in sign languages than in spoken ones, the difference is not categorical. The visual modality allows the human preference for close connections between form and meaning, present but suppressed in spoken languages, to be more fully expressed. This does not mean that signed languages are a visual rendition of an oral language. They have complex grammars of their own, and can be used to discuss any topic, from the simple and concrete to the lofty and abstract.
References :
Holyoke, Mount. 2012. Speaking and Arguing. Available on : http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm. Accessed on: February 9th, 2012.
wikipedia.org. 2012. Sign language. Available on : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessed on: February 9th, 2012.
ORAL LANGUAGE
ReplyDeleteIn Katlyn Joy’s website (2012) Oral language involves both speaking and listening, or expressive and receptive language. It is a process whose development requires social interaction. While not all communication is oral, it is still the interaction of parent and child oral communication that builds a child's vocabulary. The purpose of oral language development is connection with others and understanding experiences.
Furthermore, Holbrook (1983) Many studies have indicated that oral language development has largely been neglected in the classroom
In the other hand, according to Teale (1988) Oral language begins to develop at a very young age as children and parents interact with one another in the natural surroundings of the home environment.
Oral language is complex one model for understanding its components and how they interact with one another
SIGN LANGUAGE
According to wikipedia a sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts.
WRITTEN LANGUAGE
Wikipedia said that written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children, who will instinctively learn or createspoken or gestural languages
Furthermore, Casey MW (2007) Written Language refers to communication in its written form - specifically skills contributing to and including reading and writing.
Citizendium defines Written language is a way of recording language using any of various instruments and material, such as pen and paper, chisel and stone, or computers. The language itself is either spoken or signed, so written language develops as a way of representing what has been said. In many cultures, community languages are unwritten (such as Pirahã in Brazil)
Then, in About.com explain that written communications can come much more slowly in English than spoken communications. There are a number of reasons for this:
• Written communication is more formal
• Spoken communication allows for more 'mistakes'
• Less reflection goes into spoken English than written English
• Expectations are much higher for formal written English
So, in my opion the summary of the differencess among oral, sign, written language are different from the way of presentation, that is oral with the conversation, sign with motions without speaking, and written with a writing.
I will give the example of them:
• Oral language : When someone speaking with the other or makes a conversation.
• Sign language : You show two fingers and pointed to a book without talking and then someone else will catch you, (meaning: two books)
• Written language : You make a note, story, essay, and so on in English language.
Reference:
Katlyn Joy.2012.What Is Oral Language Development in Reading?. Available on: http://www.ehow.com/about_6395103_oral-language-development-reading_.html
Accessed on: February 10th, 2012.
Willmington, S. Clay.1993."Oral Communication Skills Necessary for Successful Teaching." Educational Research Quarterly Available on:http://www.ericdigests.org/1996-3/oral.htm
Accessed on: February 10th, 2012.
Stokoe, William C.1976. Dictionary of American Sign Language on Linguistic Principles Available on:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language
Accessed on: February 10th, 2012.
Citizendium.2008.Written language Available on: http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Welcome_to_Citizendium
Accessed on: February 10th, 2012.
Kenneth Beare.2012.written language Available on:http://esl.about.com/od/esleflteachingtechnique/a/difference_speaking_writing.htm
Accessed on: February 10th, 2012.
The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy.
ReplyDeleteA sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts.
Oral communication uses words with fewer syllables than the written language, the sentences are shorter, and self-referencing pronouns such as I are common. Oral communication also allows incomplete sentences if delivered properly, and many sentences will begin with "and," "but," and "except."
On the other hand, oral communication can be significantly more effective in expressing meaning to an audience. This distinction between precision and effectiveness is due to the extensive repertoire of signals available to the speaker: gestures, intonation, inflection, volume, pitch, pauses, movement, visual cues such as appearance, and a whole host of other ways to communicate meaning.
References:
Vincent Ferraro and Kathryn C. Palmer. Differences Between Oral and Written Communication. Available on: http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm. access on: 09/02/2012.
Wikipedia. Sign language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language. access on: 09/02/2012.
Distinguish among oral, sign and written language!
ReplyDeleteThe development of oral language is an ongoing natural learning process. Children observe oral communication in many contexts – home, preschool, prekindergarten, and begin to develop concepts about its purposes (Dyson, 1983; Halliday,1994;Martinez, 1983). Target skill areas such as sequencing, classification, and letter sounds oral language skills are all components of early childhood educational programs (Kelley and Zamar, 1994).
Rog (2001), provides a list of child's oral language skills as a means of evaluating a child's oral language and vocabulary:
Behaviors
• Uses appropriate volume and tone of voice
• Knows how to take turns when speaking
• Stays on topic
• Asks Questions
• Seems to pay attention when another person is speaking
Vocabulary
• Can name colors, numbers, and names of familiar objects
• Uses vocabulary appropriately for purpose and audience
• Is able to retell parts or all of a story read aloud
• Understands and uses prepositions such as under, over, in, and beside
• Understand directions
Language Structures
• Can use connectors such as and, so, because, and if
• Often speaks in complete sentences
• Generally speaks with grammatical correctness
Speech Sounds
• Articulates speech sounds correctly
• Speaks clearly and fluently
A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts.
In linguistic terms, sign languages are as rich and complex as any oral language, despite the common misconception that they are not "real languages". Professional linguists have studied many sign languages and found that they exhibit the fundamental properties that exist in all languages
On the whole, sign languages are independent of oral languages and follow their own paths of development. For example, British Sign Language and American Sign Language are quite different and mutually unintelligible, even though the hearing people of Britain and America share the same oral language. The grammars of sign languages do usually not resemble that of spoken languages used in the same geographical area; in fact, in terms of syntax, ASL shares more with spoken Japanese than it does with English.
written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children, who will instinctively learn or create spoken or gestural languages.
A written language exists only as a complement to a specific spoken or gestural language, and no natural language is purely written. However, extinct languages may be in effect purely written when only their writings survive.
Written languages change more slowly than corresponding spoken languages. When one or more registers of a language come to be strongly divergent from spoken language, the resulting situation is called diglossia. However, such diglossia is often considered as one language, between literary language and other registers, especially if the writing system reflects its pronunciation.
Reference:
Candogo.com. 2009. Available on: http://www.candogo.com/search/insight?i=967. accesed on 12 February 2012S
Maurano. Margaret E. 2012. Available on: http://www.bridgew.edu/library/cags_projects/mmaurano/OralLanguage.htm. accesed on 12 February 2012
Wikipedia. 2012. sign language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language.
Accessed on 12 February 2012
Wikipedia. 2012. written language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_language.
Accessed on 12 February 2012
Name: Putra Mahesa Satria
ReplyDeleteNim: 09250045
Number 5:
Distinguish among oral,sign and written language!
7 February 2012
sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language
25 January 2012
written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children, who will instinctively learn or create spoken or gestural languages.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_language
ORAL
Oral tests become more common as your college career progresses. During an oral test, both your knowledge of a subject and your communication skills are being evaluated. Oral tests may take place in front of one person, a panel or a class. Formal oral tests usually follow a list of questions. You know how to answer the question. You should not give out any extra information unless you have asked. During informal tests, you can give longer responses with more information. When you study for an oral test, be sure you are prepared. Ask your teacher for information as to what is expected on the test.
A sign is something that implies a connection between itself and its object. A natural sign bears a causal relation to its object—for instance, thunder is a sign of storm. A conventional sign signifies by agreement, as a full stop signifies the end of a sentence. (This is in contrast to a symbol which stands for another thing, as a flag may be a symbol of a nation).
The nature of signs has long been discussed in philosophy. Initially, within linguistics and later semiotics, there were two general schools of thought: those who proposed that signs are ‘dyadic’ (i.e. having two parts), and those who proposed that signs are interpreted in a recursive pattern of triadic (i.e. three-part) relationships.
Wikipedia.2012.Written Language.Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_language.
Oral language
ReplyDeleteThe development of oral language is an ongoing natural learning process. Children observe oral communication in many contexts – home, preschool, prekindergarten, and begin to develop concepts about its purposes (Dyson, 1983; Halliday,1994;Martinez, 1983).
Written language
Vachek (2005) defines written language, tentatively, as "the system of grammatical means employed for the purpose of producing written utterances acceptable in the given language community.
Sign language
Answers.com defines sign language, a language that uses a system of manual, facial, and other body movements as the means of communication, especially among deaf people. Or a method of communication, as between speakers of different languages, that uses hand movements and other gestures.
References
Answers.com. 2012. Sign Language. available on: http://www.answers.com/topic/sign-language. accessed on: february 10th, 2012
http://www.criticism.com/da/vachek1.php. accessed on: february 10th, 2012
mondofacto.com. 2009. Oral Language. available on: http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?oral+language. accessed on: february 10th, 2012
Education.com.(2012). Oral Language Spoken aspect of language that can be heard, interpreted, and understood (Note: Do not confuse with the behavioral concept of "Speech Communication").
ReplyDeleteEducation.com.(2012). Oral Language. available on: http://www.education.com/definition/oral-language/ accessed on: February 10 th 2012
Wikipedia.com.(2012). A sign language is a language which conveys meaning through visual rather than acoustic patterns—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to express a speaker's thoughts.
Wikipedia.com.(2012). Natural language.available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language accessed on: February 10 th 2012
Farlex.(2012). Written Language is Communication by means of written symbols (either printed or handwritten)
Farlex.(2012). Definition written language. Available on: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/written+language accessed on: February 10 th 2012
References:
Education.com.(2012). Oral Language. available on: http://www.education.com/definition/oral-language/ accessed on: February 10 th 2012
Wikipedia.com.(2012). Natural language.available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language accessed on: February 10 th 2012
Farlex.(2012). Definition written language. Available on: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/written+language accessed on: February 10 th 2012
PSYCOLINGUISTIC 5
ReplyDeleteDistinguish among oral, sign and written language!
Oral is a spoken test, kind of like a spelling bee. And a written test, is obviously, the tests that you write out, like the tests you take in school.
adj.
1. Spoken rather than written. See Usage Note at verbal.
2. Of or relating to the mouth: oral surgery.
3. Used in or taken through the mouth: an oral thermometer; an oral vaccine.
4. Consisting of or using speech: oral instruction.
5. Linguistics. Articulated through the mouth only, with the nasal passages closed.
6. Psychology. Of or relating to the first stage of psychosexual development in psychoanalytic theory, from birth to about 18 months, during which the mouth is the chief focus of exploration and pleasure. The oral stage is followed by the anal stage.
n.
An academic examination in which questions and answers are spoken rather than written. Often used in the plural.
Oral communication uses words with fewer syllables than the written language, the sentences are shorter, and self-referencing pronouns such as I are common. Oral communication also allows incomplete sentences if delivered properly, and many sentences will begin with "and," "but," and "except."
The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. These attributes of writing are possible because the pace of involvement is controlled by both the writer and the reader. The writer can write and rewrite at great length, a span of time which in some cases can be measured in years. Similarly, the reader can read quickly or slowly or even stop to think about what he or she has just read. More importantly, the reader always has the option of re-reading; even if that option is not exercised, its mere possibility has an effect upon a reader's understanding of a text. The written word appeals more to a contemplative, deliberative style.
Sign Language
No one form of sign language is universal. Different sign languages are used in different countries or regions. For example, British Sign Language (BSL) is a different language from ASL, and Americans who know ASL may not understand BSL.
Sign Language is a visual means of communicating using gestures, facial expression, and body language. Sign Language is used mainly by Deaf people and people with hearing difficulties.
British Sign Language
Within Britain the most common form of Sign Language is called British Sign Language (BSL). BSL has it's own grammatical structure and syntax, as a language it is not dependant nor is it strongly related to spoken English. BSL is the preferred language of between 50,000 - 70,000 people within the UK.
Reference:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_of_%27oral%27_and_%27written%27
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm
http://www.british-sign.co.uk/learnbslsignlanguage/whatissignlanguage.htm
Oral language
ReplyDeleteOral language acquisition is a natural process for children. It occurs almost without effort. The ability to speak grows with age, but it does not mean that such growth will automatically lead to perfectio
Sign language
A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts.
E.g. Wwhen we sit in front of the office,usually there is a picture of cigarettes, but it is crossed. It is mean forbiden for us to smoke there.
Written language
Witten language communication by means of written symbols (either printed or handwritten). Written language is a way of recording language using any of various instruments and material, such as pen and paper, chisel and stone, or computers. The language itself is either spoken or signed, so written language develops as a way of representing what has been said.
References:
Citizendium. 2008. Written language. available on: http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Written_language. accessed on: february 13th, 2012
MedicineNet.com. 2012. Definition of Sign language. available on: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=39158. accessed on: february 13th, 2012
Wikipedia. 2012. Sign language. available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language. accessed on: february 13th, 2012
1. Oral Languge
ReplyDeleteOral language is the base on which the other language arts develop (Sticht & James, 1984). Oral language involves both speaking and listening, or expressive and receptive language. It is a process whose development requires social interaction. While not all communication is oral, it is still the interaction of parent and child oral communication that builds a child's vocabulary. Early communication between infants and caregivers involves gestures, facial expressions and cries; over time and with interaction babies will develop oral language from those basic forms of communication. Children must be able to speak and understand a word before they can read or write it.
2. Sign Language
A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts. Sign Language is a visual means of communicating using gestures, facial expression, and body language. Sign Language is used mainly by Deaf people and people with hearing difficulties.
Sign languages, like oral languages, organize elementary, meaningless units (phonemes; once called cheremes in the case of sign languages) into meaningful semantic units. A common misconception is that sign languages are somehow dependent on oral languages, that is, that they are oral language spelled out in gesture, or that they were invented by hearing people.
3. Written Language
A written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing system. Written Language refers to communication in its written form - most commonly in the forms of reading and writing. However we are in a need for oral language; speaking and listening skills are acquired naturally by young children remarkably without the need for having to teach them.
Oral and written language are closely intertwined. Therapy to work on language delays and disorders is often done in combination with reading and writing activities. As children develop an understanding of written language and begin to read and write, it is clear that they acquire much of their new vocabulary through reading.
REFERENCES:
Joy, ketlyn. 2012. What is oral language development in reading?. Available on: http://www.ehow.com/about_6395103_oral-language-development-reading_.html. Accessed on: February 9th 2012
Mifflin,Houghton Company. 1997. Oral language: speaking and listening. Available on: http://www.eduplace.com/rdg/res/literacy/in_lang1.html. Accessed on: February 9th 2012
Wikipedia. 2012. Sign Language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessed on: February 9th 2012
Wikipedia. 2012. Written language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_language. Accessed on: February 9th 2012
NAMA: NUR AZIZAH ZATMEDIKA
ReplyDeleteNIM: 09250044
PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 5
TASK 5: 10 FEB 2012
Distinguish among oral, sign and written language!
A. Oral Communication
Oral communication describes any type of inter-action that makes use of spoken words, and it is a vital, integral part of the modern business world. "The ability to communicate effectively through speaking as well as in writing is highly valued, and demanded, in business, " Herta A. Murphy and Herbert W. Hildebrandt wrote in their book Effective Business Communications. "Knowing the content of the functional areas of business is important, but to give life to those ideas—in meetings or in solo presentations—demands an effective oral presentation." The types of oral communication commonly used within an organization include staff meetings, personal discussions, presentations, telephone discourse, and informal conversation. Oral communication with those outside of the organization might take the form of face-to-face meetings, telephone calls, speeches, teleconferences, or videoconferences.
B. Sign Language
A sign language (also signed language) is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns (manual communication, body language) to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's thoughts.
C. Written Language
A written language is the representation of a language by means of a writing system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children, who will instinctively learn or create spoken or gestural languages. Written Language refers to communication in its written form - most commonly in the forms of reading and writing. However we are in a need for oral language; speaking and listening skills are acquired naturally by young children remarkably without the need for having to teach them. Language in its written form has become a process that is required in our oral language rules and must be clearly taught. There are many languages in our world that exist, but do not have a written form.
REFERENCES:
Answers.com. 2012. Oral Communication. Available on: http://www.answers.com/topic/oral-communication#ixzz1mHimsG3b. Accessed on: February 14, 2012.
Answers.com. 2012. Oral Communication. Available on: http://www.answers.com/topic/oral-communication. Accessed on: February 14, 2012.
Wikipedia. 2012. Sign Language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language#Sign_languages.27_relationships_with_oral_languages. Accessed on: February 14, 2012.
Wikipedia. 2012. Written Language. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_language. Accessed on: February 14, 2012.
Differences Between Oral and Written Communication
ReplyDeleteMost of us intuitively understand that there are differences between oral and written language. All communication includes the transfer of information from one person to another, and while the transfer of information is only the first step in the process of understanding a complex phenomenon, it is an important first step. Writing is a fairly static form of transfer. Speaking is a dynamic transfer of information. To be an effective speaker, you must exploit the dynamism of oral communication, but also learn to work within its limitations. While there is a higher level of immediacy and a lower level of retention in the spoken word, a speaker has more ability to engage the audience psychologically and to use complex forms of non-verbal communication
The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. These attributes of writing are possible because the pace of involvement is controlled by both the writer and the reader. The writer can write and rewrite at great length, a span of time which in some cases can be measured in years. Similarly, the reader can read quickly or slowly or even stop to think about what he or she has just read. More importantly, the reader always has the option of re-reading; even if that option is not exercised, its mere possibility has an effect upon a reader's understanding of a text. The written word appeals more to a contemplative, deliberative style.
Speeches can also be precise and indeed they ought to be. But precision in oral communication comes only with a great deal of preparation and compression. Once spoken, words cannot be retracted, although one can apologize for a mistake and improvise a clarification or qualification. One can read from a written text and achieve the same degree of verbal precision as written communication. But word-for-word reading from a text is not speech-making, and in most circumstances audiences find speech-reading boring and retain very little of the information transmitted.
On the other hand, oral communication can be significantly more effective in expressing meaning to an audience. This distinction between precision and effectiveness is due to the extensive repertoire of signals available to the speaker: gestures, intonation, inflection, volume, pitch, pauses, movement, visual cues such as appearance, and a whole host of other ways to communicate meaning. A speaker has significantly more control over what the listener will hear than the writer has over what the reader will read. For these techniques to be effective, however, the speaker needs to make sure that he or she has the audience's attention--audiences do not have the luxury of re-reading the words spoken. The speaker, therefore, must become a reader of the audience.
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/speech/differences.htm
http://www.bloggermajalengka.com/2011/09/psycholingustics-sign-language-written-language-and-the-deaf.html
http://portal.wpspublish.com/portal/page?_dad=portal&_pageid=53,241061&_schema=PORTAL
(Dyson, 1983; Halliday, 1994; Sulzby,1985), a great deal of research has been done in the field of oral language acquisition. As a means of attempting to negotiate their environment children actively construct language From a child's earliest experience with personal narrative development, oral language acquisition must be continually fostered. (IRA and NAEYC, 1998). This becomes the building block for establishing success in all areas of literacy.
ReplyDelete(Teale, 1978; Yaden, 1988), oral language begins to develop at a very young age as children and parents interact with one another in the natural surroundings of the home environment A child's home environment greatly impacts the rate, quality and ability to communicate with others (MacLean, Bryant and Bradley, 1987; Martinez, 1983; National Research Council 1999). Factors related to language growth in the home environment include parent interaction, books, being read to, modeling; home language and literacy routines all closely parallel those of the classroom and school.
Dyson, 1983; Halliday,1994;Martinez, 1983), the development of oral language is an ongoing natural learning process. Children observe oral communication in many contexts – home, preschool, prekindergarten, and begin to develop concepts about its purposes (. Target skill areas such as sequencing, classification, and letter sounds oral language skills are all components of early childhood educational programs (Kelley and Zamar, 1994).
Deaf, sign languagea formal language employing a system of hand gestures for communication (as compare finger spelling).
Sign language also, a language that uses a system of manual, facial, and other body movements as the means of communication, especially among deaf people. And method of communication, as between speakers of different languages, that uses hand movements and other gestures.
Written language is an easy way to enhance the inheritance of culture, standards and uniformity, to accumulate and bequeath knowledge and skills and the profit is belonging and the realization of accomplishment. The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. These attributes of writing are possible because the pace of involvement is controlled by both the writer and the reader. The writer can write and rewrite at great length, a span of time which in some cases can be measured in years. Similarly, the reader can read quickly or slowly or even stop to think about what he or she has just read. More importantly, the reader always has the option of re-reading; even if that option is not exercised, its mere possibility has an effect upon a reader's understanding of a text. The written word appeals more to a contemplative, deliberative style.
References
Brentari D (1999) A Prosodic Model of Sign Language Phonology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0262024454. Available on http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessedon9February,2012
Nakamura K (2002) 'About American Sign Language.' Deaf Resource Library. Avaiable on:http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessed 9 on February, 2012
Roskos,Tabors,&Lenhart(2005).orallanguageAvailableon:http://www.eduplace.com/rdg/res/literacy/in_lang1.html.. http://www.readt Accessed 9 on February, 2012
(Dyson, 1983; Halliday, 1994; Sulzby,1985), a great deal of research has been done in the field of oral language acquisition. As a means of attempting to negotiate their environment children actively construct language From a child's earliest experience with personal narrative development, oral language acquisition must be continually fostered. (IRA and NAEYC, 1998). This becomes the building block for establishing success in all areas of literacy.
ReplyDelete(Teale, 1978; Yaden, 1988), oral language begins to develop at a very young age as children and parents interact with one another in the natural surroundings of the home environment A child's home environment greatly impacts the rate, quality and ability to communicate with others (MacLean, Bryant and Bradley, 1987; Martinez, 1983; National Research Council 1999). Factors related to language growth in the home environment include parent interaction, books, being read to, modeling; home language and literacy routines all closely parallel those of the classroom and school.
Dyson, 1983; Halliday,1994;Martinez, 1983), the development of oral language is an ongoing natural learning process. Children observe oral communication in many contexts – home, preschool, prekindergarten, and begin to develop concepts about its purposes (. Target skill areas such as sequencing, classification, and letter sounds oral language skills are all components of early childhood educational programs (Kelley and Zamar, 1994).
Deaf, sign languagea formal language employing a system of hand gestures for communication (as compare finger spelling).
Sign language also, a language that uses a system of manual, facial, and other body movements as the means of communication, especially among deaf people. And method of communication, as between speakers of different languages, that uses hand movements and other gestures.
Written language is an easy way to enhance the inheritance of culture, standards and uniformity, to accumulate and bequeath knowledge and skills and the profit is belonging and the realization of accomplishment. The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. These attributes of writing are possible because the pace of involvement is controlled by both the writer and the reader. The writer can write and rewrite at great length, a span of time which in some cases can be measured in years. Similarly, the reader can read quickly or slowly or even stop to think about what he or she has just read. More importantly, the reader always has the option of re-reading; even if that option is not exercised, its mere possibility has an effect upon a reader's understanding of a text. The written word appeals more to a contemplative, deliberative style.
References
Brentari D (1999) A Prosodic Model of Sign Language Phonology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0262024454. Available on http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessedon9February,2012
Nakamura K (2002) 'About American Sign Language.' Deaf Resource Library. Avaiable on:http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessed 9 on February, 2012
Roskos,Tabors,&Lenhart(2005).orallanguageAvailableon:http://www.eduplace.com/rdg/res/literacy/in_lang1.html.. http://www.readt Accessed 9 on February, 2012
(Dyson, 1983; Halliday, 1994; Sulzby,1985), a great deal of research has been done in the field of oral language acquisition. As a means of attempting to negotiate their environment children actively construct language From a child's earliest experience with personal narrative development, oral language acquisition must be continually fostered. (IRA and NAEYC, 1998). This becomes the building block for establishing success in all areas of literacy.
ReplyDelete(Teale, 1978; Yaden, 1988), oral language begins to develop at a very young age as children and parents interact with one another in the natural surroundings of the home environment A child's home environment greatly impacts the rate, quality and ability to communicate with others (MacLean, Bryant and Bradley, 1987; Martinez, 1983; National Research Council 1999). Factors related to language growth in the home environment include parent interaction, books, being read to, modeling; home language and literacy routines all closely parallel those of the classroom and school.
Dyson, 1983; Halliday,1994;Martinez, 1983), the development of oral language is an ongoing natural learning process. Children observe oral communication in many contexts – home, preschool, prekindergarten, and begin to develop concepts about its purposes (. Target skill areas such as sequencing, classification, and letter sounds oral language skills are all components of early childhood educational programs (Kelley and Zamar, 1994).
Deaf, sign languagea formal language employing a system of hand gestures for communication (as compare finger spelling).
Sign language also, a language that uses a system of manual, facial, and other body movements as the means of communication, especially among deaf people. And method of communication, as between speakers of different languages, that uses hand movements and other gestures.
Written language is an easy way to enhance the inheritance of culture, standards and uniformity, to accumulate and bequeath knowledge and skills and the profit is belonging and the realization of accomplishment. The written language can be significantly more precise. Written words can be chosen with greater deliberation and thought, and a written argument can be extraordinarily sophisticated, intricate, and lengthy. These attributes of writing are possible because the pace of involvement is controlled by both the writer and the reader. The writer can write and rewrite at great length, a span of time which in some cases can be measured in years. Similarly, the reader can read quickly or slowly or even stop to think about what he or she has just read. More importantly, the reader always has the option of re-reading; even if that option is not exercised, its mere possibility has an effect upon a reader's understanding of a text. The written word appeals more to a contemplative, deliberative style.
References
Brentari D (1999) A Prosodic Model of Sign Language Phonology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0262024454. Available on http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessedon9February,2012
Nakamura K (2002) 'About American Sign Language.' Deaf Resource Library. Avaiable on:http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Sign_language. Accessed 9 on February, 2012
Roskos,Tabors,&Lenhart(2005).orallanguageAvailableon:http://www.eduplace.com/rdg/res/literacy/in_lang1.html.. http://www.readt Accessed 9 on February, 2012