Here are the definitions of the 21 Concepts. Most are taught across all grades. A few—such as Pronoun Reference—are pedagogically necessary only in early grades. Others—such as Point of View—are appropriate only for later grades. Explicit Information is information that can be clearly found "right there" in the text. Drawing Conclusions is when you figure out what a text means by using what you already know and information from the text. Vocabulary in Context means figuring out the meaning of a word by looking at the words and sentences around it. Figurative Language refers to words that mean something other than what they say. Genre is a type of text, such as fiction or nonfiction. Sequence is the order of events or steps in a text. Character refers to the looks, traits, thoughts, actions, and relationships of a person or animal in a text. Setting tells you where and when a story takes place. Plot is the events that make up the main story of a text. Cause & Effect: Cause is the reason why something happens. Effect is what happens as a result. Predicting is deciding what will most likely happen next in what you are reading. Main Idea is the big idea in a text. It tells you what the text is mostly about. Text Features are words and pictures that help organize and highlight information. Examples include headlines, photographs, and captions. Classify & Categorize: Categorize is when you gather together information that is the same or almost the same. Classify is when you give that information a name. Fact & Opinion: Fact is information that someone can prove true or false. Opinion is what someone believes about a subject. Compare & Contrast: Comparing is noticing how two or more things are alike. Contrasting is noticing how they are different. Pronoun Reference means connecting the pronouns in a sentence to the nouns to which they refer. Point of View is the viewpoint from which a story is told to the reader. Voice is how an author expresses his or her personality or attitude through language. Author's Purpose is the reason why an author has written a text for readers. Theme is the message that an author is trying to share with the reader.
NAME : IKA AYUDIANTI _ UNIV PGRI NIM : 2009 111 263
Reading comprehension concepts is a unique, classroom-tested model of reading instruction that breaks new ground by explicitly showing how content knowledge, reading strategies, and motivational support all merge in successful reading instruction. A theoretical perspective (engagement in reading) frames the book and provides a backdrop for its linkage between hands-on science activities and reading comprehension..
there are concepts of reading comprehension: 1.Theoretical Focus Reading comprehension concept is teaching framework revolves around the engagement perspective of reading: how engaged reading develops and the classroom contexts and motivational supports that promote it. 2. Content-Area Focus Although science is the content area around which reading comprehension has been developed, its basic framework is applicable to other content areas.
3. Focus on Strategy Instruction Reading comprehension concepts revolves around a specific set of reading strategies that the National Reading found to be effective. In some current reading comprehension classrooms collaborating teachers implement all aspects of reading comprehension and in other classrooms teachers implement just the strategy instruction component.
4.Illustrative Vignettes and Cases Throughout the book vignettes and mini-case studies convey a situated view of instructional practices for reading comprehension and engagement. A detailed case study of one teacher and of the reading progress of her students is featured in one chapter.
Mayer (2010)Reading comprehension - techniques for improving students' success in extracting useful knowledge from text . There are several strategies for teaching comprehension. Making Connections Readers make connections between books they read to their own lives. And Teachers can help their students connect on a larger scale Questioning Questions are the key to understanding. They take us into understanding. Example strategy that may work for questioning is the use of a book of questions. When the students are reading and they have a question about something, the students can make a list of questions. When the class is discussing the reading, the class can help answer the students' questions. Visualizing and Inferring Visualizing is creating pictures in our minds. Inferring is being able to read body languages and expressions while reading the text When students visualize and inferring , they create their 'own movie' in their minds. Teachers can use picture books that do not have words to help the students make their mental movies. Fluency and Decoding Phonics - knowing that sounds and writing have a relationship Phonemic Awareness - knowing that sounds and symbols have a relationship Phonological - sounds; hearing Decoding - saying word; pronunciation
In my opinion reading comprehension concept same like the strategies of reading concept. Like mayer’s statement above, reading comprehension is how improve a student in reading skill. There are 4 strategies, first, making connections is the book must connect with the reader and connect with their live. So that they can connect anything from the books to their real live. By doing this, it enhances the students' understanding. Second is questioning, its mean of course every student want to ask question if they don’t know about their lessons and it make student more understand about the text. And third is Visualizing and Inferring, its means the student make have a capability to describe or only in their imagine about their material or lesson . and the last is Fluency and Decoding, its means the student can know the material based on symbol or pronunciation of a word.
adopted from: mayer(2010)Reading comprehension.retrieved from:http://wik.ed.uiuc.edu/index.php/Reading_comprehension. Accessed on 19 April 2012
According to Huey, 1908/1968; Anderson,Hiebert, Scott, & Wilkinson, 1984.Comprehension is a complex process that requires students to use multiple cognitive skills, such as auditory processing.furthermore, according to Dymock (2007).Comprehension consists of a variety of strategies that children must know and manipulate in order to understand readings; struggling readers often have difficulty comprehending texts that they are reading because they lack these skills. Although it is also difficult for teachers to teach strategies.
From the explanation about reading comprehension concepts above, it can be assumed that reading comprehension concepts is one variety of strategies that children must know, and they can understand reading. Even it’s difficult for the teacher to teach the strategies.
adopted from:
Anderson, R., Hiebert, E., Scott, J., & Wilkinson, I.(1984).Becoming a nation of readers. Champaign-Urbana, IL: Center for the Study of Reading.
Dymock, S. (2007). Comprehension strategy instruction:Teaching narrative text structure awareness.The Reading Teacher, 61(2), 161-167.
READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS/CONCEPTS: 1. Word Strategies 2. Main Idea and Details 3. Summarizing 4. Cause and Effect 5. Sequence of Events 6. Making Predictions 7. Drawing Conclusions 8. Making Inferences 9. Compare and Contrast 10. Fact or Opinion 11. Author’s Purpose 12. Fantasy or Realistic 13. Character’s Feelings 14. Character Traits 15. Figurative Language
1.WORD STRATEGIES Try to sound the word out. Think of the sounds you know, think about word families, and/or break the word into syllables (word parts). For example if the word is spoil and you know the /oi/ sound, it will help you say the word more quickly. You can also think of word families- if you know the word oil just add the /sp/ and you know the word is spoil. 2. MAIN IDEA AND DETAILS The main idea is what the paragraph or whole story is mostly about. The details tell more about the main idea. 3. SUMMARIZING A summary tells the most important details of the book or paragraph in your own words. 4. CAUSE AND EFFECT Very often something happens because of something else that happened 5. SEQUENCE OF EVENTS Sequence is the order in which things happen. It also can tell the steps in doing Something.
Related to: http://schools.nyc.gov/NR/rdonlyres/BED7C093-0200-4449-ADB6-D6E2A0179155/47440/ComprehensionReadingSkillsandConcepts.pdf
According to Simanjuntak (1998) states that” reading comprehension is not just reading with aloud voice but reading is established to understand the meaning of words, sentences, and paragraph as well as sense relationship among the ideas. Whenever a student just read loudly but cannot understand the content of the text, it means that he fails in comprehending the passage. From the definition, it can be assumed that reading comprehension concept is the reading that the reader not only read the text loudly, but also the reader must able to comprehend the text and know about the meaning of words, sentences, and paragraph. Reference: Simanjuntak. 1998. Definition Of Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from: http://yoyoii.blogspot.com/2011/06/definition-reading-comprehension.html. Accessed on Tuesday, 24th April 2012
Johnston, 1983. Reading comprehension is a complex process which involves concious and unconcious use of various strategies to build a model of the meaning which the writer is assumed to have intended. The model conscructed using schematic knowledge structure and the various cue systems the writer has given (e.g. words, syntax, macro structures, social information) to generate hypotheses which are tested using various logical and pragmatic strategies. From the definition, it can be assumed that reading comprehension concept is a complex process in which the reader uses his ability to find information, it means that the reader must be able to comprehend the meaning of printed words.
Retrieved from: Johntson, 1983. Introduction to Reading Comprehension skills. Retrieved from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/66118785/Introduction-to-Reading-Comprehension-Skills . Accessed on Wenesday, 25th April 2012
according to Rayner Keith (2001: 31-74) reading comprehension is defined as the level of understanding of a text. from the definition, it can be assumed that reading comprehension concepts is reading a text or all of content text, then the reader must understand what the text talk about. usually in a reading comprehension text, there are some answers to (what, where, when, who, which and how) questions. and reading comprehension is about how the reader trigger knowledge outside the text too.
adopted from : Rayner Keith; Barbara Foorman, Charles Perfetti, David Pesetsky & Mark Seidenberg (November 2001). "How Psychological Science Informs The Teaching of Reading". Psychological Science in the Public Interest. retrieved from : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_comprehension#cite_note-0.accessed on : April, 25th 2012
According to Mayer by Partnership for Reading (2005), Reading comprehension is understanding a text that is read, or the process of constructing meaning from a text. Comprehension is a construction process because it involves all of the elements of the reading process working together as a text is read to create a representation of the text in the reader's mind. So my opinion as the level of understanding of a text. This understanding comes from the interaction between the words that are written and how trigger knowledge outside the text. . Reference: Mayer(2005) "Partnership for Reading. Retrieved from http://www.nifl.gov/partnershipforreading/.December 11, 2005. Accessed on, Thursday 26th April 2012
Reading comprehension concept According to Durkin (1973), reading comprehension is reading the essence of the text where the reader should be active and intentional thinking in which the meaning is constructed through interactions between the test and the reader. Based on the Durkin’s definition, it can be implied that reading comprehension concept is reading which involves understanding both the structure and the meaning of the words at various level of complexity in order to get the extract meaning of the text. Furthermore, Franz (2011) said that there are some strategies for reading comprehension. First of all, the reader should define the task by clarifying the purpose in reading the specific material. Then, read carefully and give the text full attention. After that, repeatedly to monitor the level of understanding, but if the reader does not understand yet, just move to the next step. And then, reread to clarify or scan ahead to ask for help by using dictionary and other references. Next, write down the important information in order to get ready to summarize. Finally, the reader can summarize what they have read in their own words.
Adopted from : Durkin. (1973). Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from : http://reading.uoregon.edu/big_ideas/comp/comp_what.php. Franz, vivian. (Last updated August 27, 2011). Strategies for Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from : http://www.thudscave.com/~lamplighter/readcomp.htm.
The Concepts Of Reading Comprehension According to Urban Education Exchange (UEE) (2012), concept as a means of helping educators teach reading-comprehension skills-explicitly, simply, and clearly.Teaching students how to infer meaning from text is the foundation of good reading-comprehension instruction. The research-based Concepts provide a clear and consistent structure that makes it possible to teach these essential skills across all grade levels. Here are the definitions of the 21 Concepts reading comprehension. -Explicit Information is information that can be clearly found "right there" in the text. -Drawing Conclusions is when you figure out what a text means by using what you already know and information from the text. -Vocabulary in Context means figuring out the meaning of a word by looking at the words and sentences around it. -Figurative Language refers to words that mean something other than what they say. -Genre is a type of text, such as fiction or nonfiction. -Sequence is the order of events or steps in a text. -Character refers to the looks, traits, thoughts, actions, and relationships of a person or animal in a text. -Setting tells you where and when a story takes place. -Plot is the events that make up the main story of a text. -Cause & Effect: Cause is the reason why something happens. Effect is what happens as a result. -Predicting is deciding what will most likely happen next in what you are reading. -Main Idea is the big idea in a text. It tells you what the text is mostly about. -Text Features are words and pictures that help organize and highlight information. Examples include headlines, photographs, and captions. -Classify & Categorize: Categorize is when you gather together information that is the same or almost the same. Classify is when you give that information a name. -Fact & Opinion: Fact is information that someone can prove true or false. Opinion is what someone believes about a subject. -Compare & Contrast: Comparing is noticing how two or more things are alike. Contrasting is noticing how they are different. -Pronoun Reference means connecting the pronouns in a sentence to the nouns to which they refer. -Point of View is the viewpoint from which a story is told to the reader. -Voice is how an author expresses his or her personality or attitude through language. -Author's Purpose is the reason why an author has written a text for readers. -Theme is the message that an author is trying to share with the reader. So, from the explanation above it can be assumed that the concepts of the reading comprehension means to help the teacher to teach the student in order the student be able to understand the text easily and clearly.To teach the student how to give conclusion about the text that already read. References: Adopted from. Urban Education Exchange (UEE). (2012) The Concepts Of Reading Comprehension. Retrieved on : http://www.weeklyreader.com/conceptsofcomprehension. Accessed on: 26 April 2012.
Reading comprehension concept According to Wilhelm, Jeff (2012) reading comprehension requires the reader to be an active constructor of meaning. It means that the reader must be able to understand the meaning of text. Further more, the reader base shows that reading is a "transaction" in which the reader brings purposes and life experiences to bear to converse with the text. It can be assumed that the readers have purposes and life experiences that relate to the text. Comprehension always attends to what is coded or written in the text, but it also depends upon the reader's background experiences, purposes, feelings, and needs of the moment. Furthermore, There are some strategies to be an active constructor of meaning as a reader. First, activate prior knowledge, and connect the applicable prior experiences to the reading (if students don't have the requisite background knowledge about a topic, they will be unable to comprehend). It can be assumed that students’s experience relate to the text so that the student can understand the meaning of text easily. If students don’t have experience about the topic so thet they will be difficult to understand the meaning of text. Second, set purposes it means that, the reader manage their purposes, what is their purpose what they want. Third, decode text it means that identify word and sentence meanings. Fifth, Summarize, it means that bring meaning forward throughout the reading, building on prior information to create new and fuller meanings. Sixth, Visualize, it means that see characters, settings, situations, ideas, mental models. Seventh, Monitor understanding it means that the most salient difference between good and poor readers is that good readers know when and often why they are not comprehending. References: Wilhelm, Jeff. (2012). Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from : http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/understanding-reading-comprehension. Accessed on: Thursday, 26 April 2012.
Durkin,(1973)University of Oregon Center on Teaching and Learning.Defined reading comprehension is active and intentional thinking in which the meaning is constructed through interactions between the text and the reader From the definition it can be assumed that reading comprehension is the essence of the reading,and reading comprehension is active and intension reading through interaction between text and reader.
adopted from: Durkin (1973)University of Oregon Center on Teaching and Learning. Reading comprehension.
retriewd from :http://reading.uoregon.edu/big_ideas/comp/comp_what.php
NAME: MAYA YANA ATTENDANCE NUMBER: 58 NIM : 09250030
Reading comprehension concept
According to H. Horowitz (2012). said that reading comprehension is a complex cognitive process that depends upon a number of ingredients all working together in a synchronous, even automatic way. Skilled readers, in order to understand what the readers read are: read with fluency, build vocabulary, have guided oral reading opportunities, and develop reading comprehension strategies. It can be assumed that reading comprehension is a process of understanding the meaning of the printed text that involves the skills such as practice reading, the vocabulary is also participated here or having role to understand what have been read, not only that the reading strategies are also needed to be able understand what the readers have read.
Reference: H. Horowitz ,Dr. Sheldon.2012. Reading Comprehension — Reading for Meaning. Retrieved from: http://www.education.com/reference/article/reading-comprehension-for-meaning/?page=2. Accessed on 26 April 2012.
Name : Saroni Nim : 0825 052 Number : (17) READING COMPREHENSION CONSEPTS. Simanjuntak (1998: 4) states that reading comprehension is not just reading with aloud voice but reading is established to understand the meaning of words,sentences, and paragraph as well as sense relationship among the ideas. From the definition, it can assumed that reading comprehension is a tecnique, that to understand the meaning of passages, and the reader dont need just read loudly but, reader need to to understand all of words in the passages.
Adopted From : Simanjuntak (1998). Reading Comprehension Concept. Retrieved From : http://yoyoii.blogspot.com/2011/06/definition-reading- comprehension.html
Reading Comprehension concept Reading comprehension is a complex process in which the reader uses his ability to find information, it means that the reader must be able to comprehend the meaning of printed words. Some definitions of reading comprehension given by some researchers are provided below: a) Clara Wong Kee (1997: 9) states that reading comprehension is a process of making sense of a written text. However, it is not a passive one-way decoding process. Instead, it is an active two-way process in which the reader and the text interact ie. the reader tests clues from the text against his knowledge to arrive at an understanding of the text acceptable to the reader. b) Eksay in Amir (2004: 6) states, “Reading comprehension in general is viewed in this research as the resulting from the four way interaction between readers, text, task, structured activity. The success of this interaction depends of the availability of quality of content and strategist schemata to new problem solving situations. c) Simanjuntak (1998: 4) states that reading comprehension is not just reading with aloud voice but reading is established to understand the meaning of words, sentences, and paragraph as well as sense relationship among the ideas. Whenever a student just read loudly but cannot understand the content of the text, it means that he fails in comprehending the passage.
We can also define reading comprehension as the process of simultaneously extracting and constructing meaning through interaction and involvement with written language. We use the words extracting and constructing to emphasize both the importance and the insufficiency of the text as a determinant of reading comprehension. Comprehension entails three elements: the reader who is doing the comprehending, the text that is to be comprehended and the activity in which comprehension is a part.
*From the passages above, it can be assume that reading comprehension is reading process in which the readers use their capability and ability when they are reading in order to making sense of a written text.
Name : meidiana eka putri The number of attendant : 59 According to Albert Bandura (2010) defines reading comprehension is as the level of understanding of a text. This understanding comes from the interaction between the words that are written and how they trigger knowledge outside the text. From the definition, it can be assummed that Reading comprehension is the process of reading which the reader can comprehend ofa text and develop the ability to find the information of reading and understand the meaning of the text. this understanding comes from the interaction between the reader and a text to extract meaning. It is very Important when the reader read the text because the reader will be able to comprehend the full contain of the text and not only purpose of the text but knowledge outside the text.
Reading Comprehension concept Reading comprehension is a complex process in which the reader uses his ability to find information, it means that the reader must be able to comprehend the meaning of printed words. Some definitions of reading comprehension given by some researchers are provided below: a) Clara Wong Kee (1997: 9) states that reading comprehension is a process of making sense of a written text. However, it is not a passive one-way decoding process. Instead, it is an active two-way process in which the reader and the text interact ie. the reader tests clues from the text against his knowledge to arrive at an understanding of the text acceptable to the reader. b) Eksay in Amir (2004: 6) states, “Reading comprehension in general is viewed in this research as the resulting from the four way interaction between readers, text, task, structured activity. The success of this interaction depends of the availability of quality of content and strategist schemata to new problem solving situations. c) Simanjuntak (1998: 4) states that reading comprehension is not just reading with aloud voice but reading is established to understand the meaning of words, sentences, and paragraph as well as sense relationship among the ideas. Whenever a student just read loudly but cannot understand the content of the text, it means that he fails in comprehending the passage.
We can also define reading comprehension as the process of simultaneously extracting and constructing meaning through interaction and involvement with written language. We use the words extracting and constructing to emphasize both the importance and the insufficiency of the text as a determinant of reading comprehension. Comprehension entails three elements: the reader who is doing the comprehending, the text that is to be comprehended and the activity in which comprehension is a part.
*From the passages above, it can be assume that reading comprehension is reading process in which the readers use their capability and ability when they are reading in order to making sense of a written text.
Clara Wong Kee (1997:3) states that reading comprehension is a process of making sense of a written text. However, its not a passive one way decoding process. Instead, it is an active two-way process in which the reader and the text interact. . From the definition, it can assumed that reading comprehension is a process to understand a passage or content of text actively way, reader and passage do interaction, reader dont need just be passive in understanding process, but among reader and passage is like do interaction in reading understanding process.
Adopted from: Wong Kee,Clara. (1997). Introduction To Reading Comprehension Skills. Retrieved from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/66118785/ Introduction-to-Reading- Comprehension-Skills
Based on Harker,(1973) the concept of reading comprehension is divided into three categories. They are experimental investigations, verbal statements, and models. - Experimantal definintion of comprehension is any definition stated by an author that is derived directly from the testing of a hypothesis by the collection and analysis of data. - Verbal definition of of comprehension is any definition stated by an author that is not directly supported by experimental evidence. Then it is divided into two chategories, they are skill – based definition and cognitive based definition. Skills-based definitions represent concepts of comprehension in terms of the specific skills which are deemed necessary in order for a reader to comprehend. And the second is cognitive based definition. The comprehension is cognitive process involving a variety of operation which may be described in various ways. - Models comprehension is described in terms of a hierarchical organization of educational outcomes. It involves a number of separate overt skills which reflect a coherent psychological whole.
Reference Harker, w. John. 1973. Concepts of Reading Comprehension. Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada. retrieved from: http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED078397.pdf. accessed on: 18 April 2012.
Reading Comprehension concept Reading comprehension is a complex process in which the reader uses his ability to find information, it means that the reader must be able to comprehend the meaning of printed words. Some definitions of reading comprehension given by some researchers are provided below: a) Clara Wong Kee (1997: 9) states that reading comprehension is a process of making sense of a written text. However, it is not a passive one-way decoding process. Instead, it is an active two-way process in which the reader and the text interact ie. the reader tests clues from the text against his knowledge to arrive at an understanding of the text acceptable to the reader. b) Eksay in Amir (2004: 6) states, “Reading comprehension in general is viewed in this research as the resulting from the four way interaction between readers, text, task, structured activity. The success of this interaction depends of the availability of quality of content and strategist schemata to new problem solving situations. c) Simanjuntak (1998: 4) states that reading comprehension is not just reading with aloud voice but reading is established to understand the meaning of words, sentences, and paragraph as well as sense relationship among the ideas. Whenever a student just read loudly but cannot understand the content of the text, it means that he fails in comprehending the passage.
We can also define reading comprehension as the process of simultaneously extracting and constructing meaning through interaction and involvement with written language. We use the words extracting and constructing to emphasize both the importance and the insufficiency of the text as a determinant of reading comprehension. Comprehension entails three elements: the reader who is doing the comprehending, the text that is to be comprehended and the activity in which comprehension is a part.
*From the passages above, it can be assume that reading comprehension is reading process in which the readers use their capability and ability when they are reading in order to making sense of a written text.
According to Ginger bryan (2009) states that reading comprehension was based on a concept of reading as the application of a set of isolated skills such as identifying words, finding main ideas, identifying cause and effect relationships, comparing and contrasting, and sequencing. Reading comprehension was viewed as a mastery of these skills. From the definition it can be assumed Reading comprehension concepts is the ability to understand what has been read and improving students in useful knowledge from text.
Adopted from: Bryan, ginger (1990).Teaching reading comprehension. Retrieved from: http://www.readingresource.net/teachingreadingcomprehension.html. accesed on : Thursday, 26th april 2012
Name : Hanni Paramita Sari Attendance : 50 NIM : 09250021
According to Rayner, Keith; Barbara Foorman, Charles Perfetti, David Pesetsky, and Mark Seidenberg (November 2001). Reading comprehension is defined as the level of understanding of a text. This understanding comes from the interaction between the words that are written and how words trigger knowledge outside the text. From the definition, it can assumed that reading comprehension concept is used to understanding strategy for reading and technique to survey, question, read, recite, and review. The reader use this concept to read individual words and to comprehend what is read.
Adapted from: Rayner, Keith; Barbara Foorman, Charles Perfetti, David Pesetsky, and Mark Seidenberg. (2001). How Psychological Science Informs the Teaching of Reading. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 2: 31–74. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_comprehension (April 26th, 2012. 19.30p.m.)
According to Basri (2011), reading comprehension is the ability of processing the written or passages from what has been read, and develop and construct the ideas in main department on the experience or prior knowledge of the reader, to understand and to find out the information in text. From the definition, It can be assumed that reading comprehension is the ability in the process of understanding of what has been read before, how the readers can understand the information from the text, and passages that have been read to understand and find out the information of the text.
Adopted from: Basri. (2011).Definition of Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from:http://www.greateducationnews.com/2011/definition-of-reading-comprehension.html.Accessed on: 26 April 2012
According to Basri (2011), reading comprehension is the ability of processing the written or passages from what has been read, and develop and construct the ideas in main department on the experience or prior knowledge of the reader, to understand and to find out the information in text. From the definition, It can be assumed that reading comprehension is the ability in the process of understanding of what has been read before, how the readers can understand the information from the text, and passages that have been read to understand and find out the information of the text.
Adopted from: Basri. (2011).Definition of Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from:http://www.greateducationnews.com/2011/definition-of-reading-comprehension.html.Accessed on: 26 April 2012
According to Mayer.(2010) that Reading comprehension is understanding a text that is read, or the process of "constructing meaning" from a text. It can be concluded that reading comprehension is the reading process working together as a text is read to create a representation of the text in the reader's mind.
There are several strategies for teaching comprehension. But, Mayer is going to focus on three strategies.
• Making connection Readers make connections between books they read to their own lives. Readers can make these connections with what they read to their lives.
• Questioning Questions are the key to understanding. They take us into understanding. Students need to feel that their questions are important.
• Visualizing and Inferring Visualizing is creating pictures in our minds. When students visualize, they create their 'own movie' in their minds. Teachers can use picture books that do not have words to help the students make their mental movies.
Inferring is being able to read body languages and expressions while reading the text. To help the students find inferrences in picture books is to focus on the illustrations. The pictures give clues to help gain meaning.
Adopted from: Mayer.(2010). Reading comprehension. Retrieved from: http://wik.ed.uiuc.edu/index.php/Reading_comprehension. accessed on: April, 26th 2012
According to ed1@weeklyreader.com Reading comprehension is a reading activity that the readers do to get: 1. explicit information; information that can be found from the text clearly 2. Genre; type of thee text 3. Predicting; guessing what will happen next in the text that the reader is reading. 4. Setting; where and when the reading text takes place. 5. Sequence; steps of conflict in the reading text. 6. Main idea; point of the text 7. Drawing conclusion; when the readers conclude what the text about. 8. Character; related to the type of thee player or object inn the text. 9. Comparing; compare something alike. 10. Vocabulary in Context; thee meaning of a word related to the context of the text. 11. Figurative 12. Plot 13. Cause 14. Fact 15. Theme 16. Author purpose 17. Voice; language expression 18. Point of view 19. categorize 20. text features 21. Pronoun reference
References:
ed1@weeklyreader.com.(2012). Top Tips for Teaching Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/66118785/Introduction-to-Reading-Comprehension-Skills. accessed on: April, 26th 2012
According to Rayner, Barbara, Charles, David , and Mark (2001). Reading comprehension is defined as the level of understanding of a text. This understanding comes from the interaction between the words that are written and how they trigger knowledge outside the text. From the definition, it can be interviewed that reading comprehension concept is used to understand the text and also the process of reading which the reader develop the ability to find the information of reading, then try to understand unfamiliar words encountered in text.
Reference
Adopted from: Rayner, Keith; Barbara Foorman, Charles Perfetti, David Pesetsky, and Mark Seidenberg (2001). How Psychological Science Informs the Teaching of Reading. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_comprehension. Accessed on: April 27, 2012
A N : 65 Simanjuntak (1998) said that reading comprehension is not just reading with aloud voice but reading is established to understand the meaning of words, sentences, and paragraph as well as sense relationship among the ideas.
Based on the Harker (1973) : he said that, the concept of reading comprehension is devided into three categories. The are experimental investigation, verbal statements, and models. Experimentela investigation of comprehension is deived directly from the testing of a hypothesis by collection and analysis of data. Verbal statements of comprehension is not directly supported by experimental evidence. Then it is derived into two categories, they are skill-based definition and cognitive based definition. Skill-based defitions represent concepts of comprehension interms of the specific skills which are deemed necessary in order for a reader to comprehend. And the second is cognitive based defition, the comprehension is cognitive process involving a variety of operation which may be described in various ways. Models comprehension is described interms of hierarchical organization of educational outcomes. It involves a number of separate overt skills which reflect a coherent psychological whole.
References Simanjuntak. 1998. Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from: http://yoyoii.blogspot.com/2011/06/definition-reading-comprehension.html. Accessed on 18 April 2012. Harker, W. John. 1973. Concept of Reading Comprehension. Memorical University of Newfoundland St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada. Retrieved from: http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED078397. Accessed on: 18 April 2012
According to ed1@weeklyreader.com Reading comprehension is a reading activity that the readers do to get: 1. explicit information; information that can be found from the text clearly 2. Genre; type of thee text 3. Predicting; guessing what will happen next in the text that the reader is reading. 4. Setting; where and when the reading text takes place. 5. Sequence; steps of conflict in the reading text. 6. Main idea; point of the text 7. Drawing conclusion; when the readers conclude what the text about. 8. Character; related to the type of thee player or object inn the text. 9. Comparing; compare something alike. 10. Vocabulary in Context; thee meaning of a word related to the context of the text. 11. Figurative 12. Plot 13. Cause 14. Fact 15. Theme 16. Author purpose 17. Voice; language expression 18. Point of view 19. categorize 20. text features 21. Pronoun reference
References:
ed1@weeklyreader.com.(2012). Top Tips for Teaching Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/66118785/Introduction-to-Reading-Comprehension-Skills. accessed on: April, 26th 2012
Weekly Reader materials incorporate a set of inferential thinking skills known as the Concepts of Comprehension©. This framework of 21 Concepts was developed by a not-for-profit educational organization, Urban Education Exchange (UEE), as a means of helping educators teach reading-comprehension skills-explicitly, simply, and clearly.
ReplyDeleteTeaching students how to infer meaning from text is the foundation of good reading-comprehension instruction. The research-based Concepts provide a clear and consistent structure that makes it possible to teach these essential skills across all grade levels.
Weekly Reader editions 1, 2, 3, and 4-6 include ideas about how to discuss and use the Concepts with students. Each digital edition of those publications specifically highlight one Concept, and activities in the student editions and Teacher's Guides also reinforce the Concepts.
Here are the definitions of the 21 Concepts. Most are taught across all grades. A few—such as Pronoun Reference—are pedagogically necessary only in early grades. Others—such as Point of View—are appropriate only for later grades.
Explicit Information is information that can be clearly found "right there" in the text.
Drawing Conclusions is when you figure out what a text means by using what you already know and information from the text.
Vocabulary in Context means figuring out the meaning of a word by looking at the words and sentences around it.
Figurative Language refers to words that mean something other than what they say.
Genre is a type of text, such as fiction or nonfiction.
Sequence is the order of events or steps in a text.
Character refers to the looks, traits, thoughts, actions, and relationships of a person or animal in a text.
Setting tells you where and when a story takes place.
Plot is the events that make up the main story of a text.
Cause & Effect: Cause is the reason why something happens. Effect is what happens as a result.
Predicting is deciding what will most likely happen next in what you are reading.
Main Idea is the big idea in a text. It tells you what the text is mostly about.
Text Features are words and pictures that help organize and highlight information. Examples include headlines, photographs, and captions.
Classify & Categorize: Categorize is when you gather together information that is the same or almost the same. Classify is when you give that information a name.
Fact & Opinion: Fact is information that someone can prove true or false. Opinion is what someone believes about a subject.
Compare & Contrast: Comparing is noticing how two or more things are alike. Contrasting is noticing how they are different.
Pronoun Reference means connecting the pronouns in a sentence to the nouns to which they refer.
Point of View is the viewpoint from which a story is told to the reader.
Voice is how an author expresses his or her personality or attitude through language.
Author's Purpose is the reason why an author has written a text for readers.
Theme is the message that an author is trying to share with the reader.
Reference
http://www.weeklyreader.com/conceptsofcomprehension
NAME : IKA AYUDIANTI _ UNIV PGRI
ReplyDeleteNIM : 2009 111 263
Reading comprehension concepts is a unique, classroom-tested model of reading instruction that breaks new ground by explicitly showing how content knowledge, reading strategies, and motivational support all merge in successful reading instruction. A theoretical perspective (engagement in reading) frames the book and provides a backdrop for its linkage between hands-on science activities and reading comprehension..
there are concepts of reading comprehension:
1.Theoretical Focus
Reading comprehension concept is teaching framework revolves around the engagement perspective of reading: how engaged reading develops and the classroom contexts and motivational supports that promote it.
2. Content-Area Focus
Although science is the content area around which reading comprehension has been developed, its basic framework is applicable to other content areas.
3. Focus on Strategy Instruction
Reading comprehension concepts revolves around a specific set of reading strategies that the National Reading found to be effective. In some current reading comprehension classrooms collaborating teachers implement all aspects of reading comprehension and in other classrooms teachers implement just the strategy instruction component.
4.Illustrative Vignettes and Cases
Throughout the book vignettes and mini-case studies convey a situated view of instructional practices for reading comprehension and engagement. A detailed case study of one teacher and of the reading progress of her students is featured in one chapter.
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ReplyDeleteMayer (2010)Reading comprehension - techniques for improving students' success in extracting useful knowledge from text .
ReplyDeleteThere are several strategies for teaching comprehension.
Making Connections
Readers make connections between books they read to their own lives. And Teachers can help their students connect on a larger scale
Questioning
Questions are the key to understanding. They take us into understanding. Example strategy that may work for questioning is the use of a book of questions. When the students are reading and they have a question about something, the students can make a list of questions. When the class is discussing the reading, the class can help answer the students' questions.
Visualizing and Inferring
Visualizing is creating pictures in our minds. Inferring is being able to read body languages and expressions while reading the text When students visualize and inferring , they create their 'own movie' in their minds. Teachers can use picture books that do not have words to help the students make their mental movies.
Fluency and Decoding
Phonics - knowing that sounds and writing have a relationship
Phonemic Awareness - knowing that sounds and symbols have a relationship
Phonological - sounds; hearing
Decoding - saying word; pronunciation
In my opinion reading comprehension concept same like the strategies of reading concept. Like mayer’s statement above, reading comprehension is how improve a student in reading skill. There are 4 strategies, first, making connections is the book must connect with the reader and connect with their live. So that they can connect anything from the books to their real live. By doing this, it enhances the students' understanding. Second is questioning, its mean of course every student want to ask question if they don’t know about their lessons and it make student more understand about the text. And third is Visualizing and Inferring, its means the student make have a capability to describe or only in their imagine about their material or lesson . and the last is Fluency and Decoding, its means the student can know the material based on symbol or pronunciation of a word.
adopted from: mayer(2010)Reading comprehension.retrieved from:http://wik.ed.uiuc.edu/index.php/Reading_comprehension. Accessed on 19 April 2012
According to Huey, 1908/1968; Anderson,Hiebert, Scott, & Wilkinson, 1984.Comprehension is a complex process that requires students to use multiple cognitive skills, such as auditory processing.furthermore, according to Dymock (2007).Comprehension consists of a variety of strategies that children must know and manipulate in order to understand readings; struggling readers often have difficulty comprehending texts that they are reading because they lack these skills. Although it is also difficult for teachers to teach strategies.
DeleteFrom the explanation about reading comprehension concepts above, it can be assumed that reading comprehension concepts is one variety of strategies that children must know, and they can understand reading. Even it’s difficult for the teacher to teach the strategies.
adopted from:
Anderson, R., Hiebert, E., Scott, J., & Wilkinson, I.(1984).Becoming a nation of readers. Champaign-Urbana, IL: Center for the Study of Reading.
Dymock, S. (2007). Comprehension strategy instruction:Teaching narrative text structure awareness.The Reading Teacher, 61(2), 161-167.
Retrieved from:
http://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=reading%20comprehension%20concepts&source=web&cd=13&ved=0CDMQFjACOAo&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcie.asu.edu%2Fojs%2Findex.php%2Fcieatasu%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F890%2F280&ei=9nqPT43YFsL3rQfZkoH3BA&usg=AFQjCNEKTf_tfV2jpWW5aun8pnw0QTR__g&cad=rja
Retrieved : http://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=concept+of+reading+comprehension&source=web&cd=27&ved=0CFsQFjAGOBQ&url=http%3A%2 %2Fwww.pitt.edu%2F~perfetti%2FPDF%2FThe%2520Acquisition%2520of%2520Reading%2520Comprehension%2520Skill.pdf&ei=e8iKT4eoFpCGrAfVv5TICw&usg=AFQjCNGnQ2UL8K31vTsstjH1VLJmgloTkg&cad=rja
Name: Fatimah Y Sari
ReplyDeleteSN : 09 250016
READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS/CONCEPTS:
1. Word Strategies
2. Main Idea and Details
3. Summarizing
4. Cause and Effect
5. Sequence of Events
6. Making Predictions
7. Drawing Conclusions
8. Making Inferences
9. Compare and Contrast
10. Fact or Opinion
11. Author’s Purpose
12. Fantasy or Realistic
13. Character’s Feelings
14. Character Traits
15. Figurative Language
1.WORD STRATEGIES
Try to sound the word out. Think of the sounds you know, think about word
families, and/or break the word into syllables (word parts).
For example if the word is spoil and you know the /oi/ sound, it will help you say
the word more quickly. You can also think of word families- if you know the
word oil just add the /sp/ and you know the word is spoil.
2. MAIN IDEA AND DETAILS
The main idea is what the paragraph or whole story is mostly about.
The details tell more about the main idea.
3. SUMMARIZING
A summary tells the most important details of the book or paragraph
in your own words.
4. CAUSE AND EFFECT
Very often something happens because of something else that happened
5. SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
Sequence is the order in which things happen. It also can tell the steps in doing
Something.
Related to:
http://schools.nyc.gov/NR/rdonlyres/BED7C093-0200-4449-ADB6-D6E2A0179155/47440/ComprehensionReadingSkillsandConcepts.pdf
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ReplyDeleteAccording to Simanjuntak (1998) states that” reading comprehension is not just reading with aloud voice but reading is established to understand the meaning of words, sentences, and paragraph as well as sense relationship among the ideas. Whenever a student just read loudly but cannot understand the content of the text, it means that he fails in comprehending the passage. From the definition, it can be assumed that reading comprehension concept is the reading that the reader not only read the text loudly, but also the reader must able to comprehend the text and know about the meaning of words, sentences, and paragraph.
ReplyDeleteReference:
Simanjuntak. 1998. Definition Of Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from: http://yoyoii.blogspot.com/2011/06/definition-reading-comprehension.html. Accessed on Tuesday, 24th April 2012
Name : 42. Dona Febriyanti
ReplyDeleteNim : 09250013
Johnston, 1983. Reading comprehension is a complex process which involves concious and unconcious use of various strategies to build a model of the meaning which the writer is assumed to have intended. The model conscructed using schematic knowledge structure and the various cue systems the writer has given (e.g. words, syntax, macro structures, social information) to generate hypotheses which are tested using various logical and pragmatic strategies.
From the definition, it can be assumed that reading comprehension concept is a complex process in which the reader uses his ability to find information, it means that the reader must be able to comprehend the meaning of printed words.
Retrieved from: Johntson, 1983. Introduction to Reading Comprehension skills. Retrieved from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/66118785/Introduction-to-Reading-Comprehension-Skills . Accessed on Wenesday, 25th April 2012
READING COMPREHENSION CONCEPTS
ReplyDeleteaccording to Rayner Keith (2001: 31-74) reading comprehension is defined as the level of understanding of a text. from the definition, it can be assumed that reading comprehension concepts is reading a text or all of content text, then the reader must understand what the text talk about. usually in a reading comprehension text, there are some answers to (what, where, when, who, which and how) questions. and reading comprehension is about how the reader trigger knowledge outside the text too.
adopted from : Rayner Keith; Barbara Foorman, Charles Perfetti, David Pesetsky & Mark Seidenberg (November 2001). "How Psychological Science Informs The Teaching of Reading". Psychological Science in the Public Interest.
retrieved from : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_comprehension#cite_note-0.accessed on : April, 25th 2012
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteAccording to Mayer by Partnership for Reading (2005), Reading comprehension is understanding a text that is read, or the process of constructing meaning from a text. Comprehension is a construction process because it involves all of the elements of the reading process working together as a text is read to create a representation of the text in the reader's mind. So my opinion as the level of understanding of a text. This understanding comes from the interaction between the words that are written and how trigger knowledge outside the text. .
ReplyDeleteReference:
Mayer(2005) "Partnership for Reading. Retrieved from http://www.nifl.gov/partnershipforreading/.December 11, 2005. Accessed on, Thursday 26th April 2012
Attendance list number (62)
ReplyDeleteReading comprehension concept
According to Durkin (1973), reading comprehension is reading the essence of the text where the reader should be active and intentional thinking in which the meaning is constructed through interactions between the test and the reader. Based on the Durkin’s definition, it can be implied that reading comprehension concept is reading which involves understanding both the structure and the meaning of the words at various level of complexity in order to get the extract meaning of the text. Furthermore, Franz (2011) said that there are some strategies for reading comprehension. First of all, the reader should define the task by clarifying the purpose in reading the specific material. Then, read carefully and give the text full attention. After that, repeatedly to monitor the level of understanding, but if the reader does not understand yet, just move to the next step. And then, reread to clarify or scan ahead to ask for help by using dictionary and other references. Next, write down the important information in order to get ready to summarize. Finally, the reader can summarize what they have read in their own words.
Adopted from :
Durkin. (1973). Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from : http://reading.uoregon.edu/big_ideas/comp/comp_what.php.
Franz, vivian. (Last updated August 27, 2011). Strategies for Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from : http://www.thudscave.com/~lamplighter/readcomp.htm.
The Concepts Of Reading Comprehension
ReplyDeleteAccording to Urban Education Exchange (UEE) (2012), concept as a means of helping educators teach reading-comprehension skills-explicitly, simply, and clearly.Teaching students how to infer meaning from text is the foundation of good reading-comprehension instruction. The research-based Concepts provide a clear and consistent structure that makes it possible to teach these essential skills across all grade levels.
Here are the definitions of the 21 Concepts reading comprehension.
-Explicit Information is information that can be clearly found "right there" in the text.
-Drawing Conclusions is when you figure out what a text means by using what you already know and information from the text.
-Vocabulary in Context means figuring out the meaning of a word by looking at the words and sentences around it.
-Figurative Language refers to words that mean something other than what they say.
-Genre is a type of text, such as fiction or nonfiction.
-Sequence is the order of events or steps in a text.
-Character refers to the looks, traits, thoughts, actions, and relationships of a person or animal in a text.
-Setting tells you where and when a story takes place.
-Plot is the events that make up the main story of a text.
-Cause & Effect: Cause is the reason why something happens. Effect is what happens as a result.
-Predicting is deciding what will most likely happen next in what you are reading.
-Main Idea is the big idea in a text. It tells you what the text is mostly about.
-Text Features are words and pictures that help organize and highlight information. Examples include headlines, photographs, and captions.
-Classify & Categorize: Categorize is when you gather together information that is the same or almost the same. Classify is when you give that information a name.
-Fact & Opinion: Fact is information that someone can prove true or false. Opinion is what someone believes about a subject.
-Compare & Contrast: Comparing is noticing how two or more things are alike. Contrasting is noticing how they are different.
-Pronoun Reference means connecting the pronouns in a sentence to the nouns to which they refer.
-Point of View is the viewpoint from which a story is told to the reader.
-Voice is how an author expresses his or her personality or attitude through language.
-Author's Purpose is the reason why an author has written a text for readers.
-Theme is the message that an author is trying to share with the reader.
So, from the explanation above it can be assumed that the concepts of the reading comprehension means to help the teacher to teach the student in order the student be able to understand the text easily and clearly.To teach the student how to give conclusion about the text that already read.
References:
Adopted from. Urban Education Exchange (UEE). (2012) The Concepts Of Reading Comprehension. Retrieved on : http://www.weeklyreader.com/conceptsofcomprehension. Accessed on: 26 April 2012.
Reading Comprehension Concept
ReplyDelete40. Cici Murdiyani (09250011)
Reading comprehension concept
According to Wilhelm, Jeff (2012) reading comprehension requires the reader to be an active constructor of meaning. It means that the reader must be able to understand the meaning of text. Further more, the reader base shows that reading is a "transaction" in which the reader brings purposes and life experiences to bear to converse with the text. It can be assumed that the readers have purposes and life experiences that relate to the text. Comprehension always attends to what is coded or written in the text, but it also depends upon the reader's background experiences, purposes, feelings, and needs of the moment.
Furthermore, There are some strategies to be an active constructor of meaning as a reader. First, activate prior knowledge, and connect the applicable prior experiences to the reading (if students don't have the requisite background knowledge about a topic, they will be unable to comprehend). It can be assumed that students’s experience relate to the text so that the student can understand the meaning of text easily. If students don’t have experience about the topic so thet they will be difficult to understand the meaning of text. Second, set purposes it means that, the reader manage their purposes, what is their purpose what they want. Third, decode text it means that identify word and sentence meanings. Fifth, Summarize, it means that bring meaning forward throughout the reading, building on prior information to create new and fuller meanings. Sixth, Visualize, it means that see characters, settings, situations, ideas, mental models. Seventh, Monitor understanding it means that the most salient difference between good and poor readers is that good readers know when and often why they are not comprehending.
References:
Wilhelm, Jeff. (2012). Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from : http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/understanding-reading-comprehension. Accessed on: Thursday, 26 April 2012.
Durkin,(1973)University of Oregon Center on Teaching and Learning.Defined reading comprehension is active and intentional thinking in which the meaning is constructed through interactions between the text and the reader
ReplyDeleteFrom the definition it can be assumed that reading comprehension is the essence of the reading,and reading comprehension is active and intension reading through interaction between text and reader.
adopted from: Durkin (1973)University of Oregon Center on Teaching and Learning. Reading comprehension.
retriewd from :http://reading.uoregon.edu/big_ideas/comp/comp_what.php
NAME: MAYA YANA
ReplyDeleteATTENDANCE NUMBER: 58
NIM : 09250030
Reading comprehension concept
According to H. Horowitz (2012). said that reading comprehension is a complex cognitive process that depends upon a number of ingredients all working together in a synchronous, even automatic way. Skilled readers, in order to understand what the readers read are: read with fluency, build vocabulary, have guided oral reading opportunities, and develop reading comprehension strategies. It can be assumed that reading comprehension is a process of understanding the meaning of the printed text that involves the skills such as practice reading, the vocabulary is also participated here or having role to understand what have been read, not only that the reading strategies are also needed to be able understand what the readers have read.
Reference:
H. Horowitz ,Dr. Sheldon.2012. Reading Comprehension — Reading for Meaning. Retrieved from: http://www.education.com/reference/article/reading-comprehension-for-meaning/?page=2. Accessed on 26 April 2012.
Name : Saroni
ReplyDeleteNim : 0825 052
Number : (17)
READING COMPREHENSION CONSEPTS.
Simanjuntak (1998: 4) states that reading comprehension is not just reading with aloud voice but reading is established to understand the meaning of words,sentences, and paragraph as well as sense relationship among the ideas. From the definition, it can assumed that reading comprehension is a tecnique, that to understand the meaning of passages, and the reader dont need just read loudly but, reader need to to understand all of words in the passages.
Adopted From :
Simanjuntak (1998). Reading Comprehension Concept.
Retrieved From : http://yoyoii.blogspot.com/2011/06/definition-reading- comprehension.html
Ferbawanti. S (47)
ReplyDeleteReading Comprehension concept
Reading comprehension is a complex process in which the reader uses his ability to find information, it means that the reader must be able to comprehend the meaning of printed words. Some definitions of reading comprehension given by some researchers are provided below:
a) Clara Wong Kee (1997: 9) states that reading comprehension is a process of making sense of a written text. However, it is not a passive one-way decoding process. Instead, it is an active two-way process in which the reader and the text interact ie. the reader tests clues from the text against his knowledge to arrive at an understanding of the text acceptable to the reader.
b) Eksay in Amir (2004: 6) states, “Reading comprehension in general is viewed in this research as the resulting from the four way interaction between readers, text, task, structured activity. The success of this interaction depends of the availability of quality of content and strategist schemata to new problem solving situations.
c) Simanjuntak (1998: 4) states that reading comprehension is not just reading with aloud voice but reading is established to understand the meaning of words, sentences, and paragraph as well as sense relationship among the ideas. Whenever a student just read loudly but cannot understand the content of the text, it means that he fails in comprehending the passage.
We can also define reading comprehension as the process of simultaneously extracting and constructing meaning through interaction and involvement with written language. We use the words extracting and constructing to emphasize both the importance and the insufficiency of the text as a determinant of reading comprehension. Comprehension entails three elements: the reader who is doing the comprehending, the text that is to be comprehended and the activity in which comprehension is a part.
*From the passages above, it can be assume that reading comprehension is reading process in which the readers use their capability and ability when they are reading in order to making sense of a written text.
Reference :
Novthami, M.Yosta.(2011). Definition Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from : (http://yoyoii.blogspot.com/2011/06/definition-reading-comprehension.html)
Name : meidiana eka putri
ReplyDeleteThe number of attendant : 59
According to Albert Bandura (2010) defines reading comprehension is as the level of understanding of a text. This understanding comes from the interaction between the words that are written and how they trigger knowledge outside the text.
From the definition, it can be assummed that Reading comprehension is the process of reading which the reader can comprehend ofa text and develop the ability to find the information of reading and understand the meaning of the text. this understanding comes from the interaction between the reader and a text to extract meaning. It is very Important when the reader read the text because the reader will be able to comprehend the full contain of the text and not only purpose of the text but knowledge outside the text.
References:
Adopted from : Bandura, Albert. (2010) .Comprehension Connections . Retrieved from: http://reading.uoregon.edu/comp/comp_features.php.
Ferbawanti. S (47)
ReplyDeleteReading Comprehension concept
Reading comprehension is a complex process in which the reader uses his ability to find information, it means that the reader must be able to comprehend the meaning of printed words. Some definitions of reading comprehension given by some researchers are provided below:
a) Clara Wong Kee (1997: 9) states that reading comprehension is a process of making sense of a written text. However, it is not a passive one-way decoding process. Instead, it is an active two-way process in which the reader and the text interact ie. the reader tests clues from the text against his knowledge to arrive at an understanding of the text acceptable to the reader.
b) Eksay in Amir (2004: 6) states, “Reading comprehension in general is viewed in this research as the resulting from the four way interaction between readers, text, task, structured activity. The success of this interaction depends of the availability of quality of content and strategist schemata to new problem solving situations.
c) Simanjuntak (1998: 4) states that reading comprehension is not just reading with aloud voice but reading is established to understand the meaning of words, sentences, and paragraph as well as sense relationship among the ideas. Whenever a student just read loudly but cannot understand the content of the text, it means that he fails in comprehending the passage.
We can also define reading comprehension as the process of simultaneously extracting and constructing meaning through interaction and involvement with written language. We use the words extracting and constructing to emphasize both the importance and the insufficiency of the text as a determinant of reading comprehension. Comprehension entails three elements: the reader who is doing the comprehending, the text that is to be comprehended and the activity in which comprehension is a part.
*From the passages above, it can be assume that reading comprehension is reading process in which the readers use their capability and ability when they are reading in order to making sense of a written text.
Reference :
Novthami, M.Yosta.(2011). Definition Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from : (http://yoyoii.blogspot.com/2011/06/definition-reading-comprehension.html)
Name : Saroni
ReplyDeleteNim : 0825 052
Number : (17)
READING COMPREHENSION CONSEPTS
Clara Wong Kee (1997:3) states that reading comprehension is a process of making sense of a written text. However, its not a passive one way decoding process. Instead, it is an active two-way process in which the reader and the text interact. . From the definition, it can assumed that reading comprehension is a process to understand a passage or content of text actively way, reader and passage do interaction, reader dont need just be passive in understanding process, but among reader and passage is like do interaction in reading understanding process.
Adopted from: Wong Kee,Clara. (1997).
Introduction To Reading
Comprehension Skills. Retrieved from:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/66118785/
Introduction-to-Reading-
Comprehension-Skills
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeletereading comprehension concept
ReplyDeleteBased on Harker,(1973) the concept of reading comprehension is divided into three categories. They are experimental investigations, verbal statements, and models.
- Experimantal definintion of comprehension is any definition stated by an author that is derived directly from the testing of a hypothesis by the collection and analysis of data.
- Verbal definition of of comprehension is any definition stated by an author that is not directly supported by experimental evidence. Then it is divided into two chategories, they are skill – based definition and cognitive based definition. Skills-based definitions represent concepts of comprehension in terms of the specific skills which are deemed necessary in order for a reader to comprehend. And the second is cognitive based definition. The comprehension is cognitive process involving a variety of operation which may be described in various ways.
- Models comprehension is described in terms of a hierarchical organization of educational outcomes. It involves a number of separate overt skills which reflect a coherent psychological whole.
Reference
Harker, w. John. 1973. Concepts of Reading Comprehension. Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada. retrieved from: http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED078397.pdf. accessed on: 18 April 2012.
Ferbawanti. S (47)
ReplyDeleteReading Comprehension concept
Reading comprehension is a complex process in which the reader uses his ability to find information, it means that the reader must be able to comprehend the meaning of printed words. Some definitions of reading comprehension given by some researchers are provided below:
a) Clara Wong Kee (1997: 9) states that reading comprehension is a process of making sense of a written text. However, it is not a passive one-way decoding process. Instead, it is an active two-way process in which the reader and the text interact ie. the reader tests clues from the text against his knowledge to arrive at an understanding of the text acceptable to the reader.
b) Eksay in Amir (2004: 6) states, “Reading comprehension in general is viewed in this research as the resulting from the four way interaction between readers, text, task, structured activity. The success of this interaction depends of the availability of quality of content and strategist schemata to new problem solving situations.
c) Simanjuntak (1998: 4) states that reading comprehension is not just reading with aloud voice but reading is established to understand the meaning of words, sentences, and paragraph as well as sense relationship among the ideas. Whenever a student just read loudly but cannot understand the content of the text, it means that he fails in comprehending the passage.
We can also define reading comprehension as the process of simultaneously extracting and constructing meaning through interaction and involvement with written language. We use the words extracting and constructing to emphasize both the importance and the insufficiency of the text as a determinant of reading comprehension. Comprehension entails three elements: the reader who is doing the comprehending, the text that is to be comprehended and the activity in which comprehension is a part.
*From the passages above, it can be assume that reading comprehension is reading process in which the readers use their capability and ability when they are reading in order to making sense of a written text.
Reference :
Novthami, M.Yosta.(2011). Definition Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from : (http://yoyoii.blogspot.com/2011/06/definition-reading-comprehension.html)
According to Ginger bryan (2009) states that reading comprehension was based on a concept of reading as the application of a set of isolated skills such as identifying words, finding main ideas, identifying cause and effect relationships, comparing and contrasting, and sequencing. Reading comprehension was viewed as a mastery of these skills. From the definition it can be assumed Reading comprehension concepts is the ability to understand what has been read and improving students in useful knowledge from text.
ReplyDeleteAdopted from:
Bryan, ginger (1990).Teaching reading comprehension. Retrieved from: http://www.readingresource.net/teachingreadingcomprehension.html. accesed on : Thursday, 26th april 2012
Name : Hanni Paramita Sari
ReplyDeleteAttendance : 50
NIM : 09250021
According to Rayner, Keith; Barbara Foorman, Charles Perfetti, David Pesetsky, and Mark Seidenberg (November 2001). Reading comprehension is defined as the level of understanding of a text. This understanding comes from the interaction between the words that are written and how words trigger knowledge outside the text. From the definition, it can assumed that reading comprehension concept is used to understanding strategy for reading and technique to survey, question, read, recite, and review.
The reader use this concept to read individual words and to comprehend what is read.
Adapted from: Rayner, Keith; Barbara Foorman, Charles Perfetti, David Pesetsky, and Mark Seidenberg. (2001). How Psychological Science Informs the Teaching of Reading. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 2: 31–74.
Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_comprehension (April 26th, 2012. 19.30p.m.)
According to Basri (2011), reading comprehension is the ability of processing the written or passages from what has been read, and develop and construct the ideas in main department on the experience or prior knowledge of the reader, to understand and to find out the information in text. From the definition, It can be assumed that reading comprehension is the ability in the process of understanding of what has been read before, how the readers can understand the information from the text, and passages that have been read to understand and find out the information of the text.
ReplyDeleteAdopted from: Basri. (2011).Definition of Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from:http://www.greateducationnews.com/2011/definition-of-reading-comprehension.html.Accessed on: 26 April 2012
According to Basri (2011), reading comprehension is the ability of processing the written or passages from what has been read, and develop and construct the ideas in main department on the experience or prior knowledge of the reader, to understand and to find out the information in text. From the definition, It can be assumed that reading comprehension is the ability in the process of understanding of what has been read before, how the readers can understand the information from the text, and passages that have been read to understand and find out the information of the text.
ReplyDeleteAdopted from: Basri. (2011).Definition of Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from:http://www.greateducationnews.com/2011/definition-of-reading-comprehension.html.Accessed on: 26 April 2012
Reading Comprehension Concepts
ReplyDeleteAccording to Mayer.(2010) that Reading comprehension is understanding a text that is read, or the process of "constructing meaning" from a text. It can be concluded that reading comprehension is the reading process working together as a text is read to create a representation of the text in the reader's mind.
There are several strategies for teaching comprehension. But, Mayer is going to focus on three strategies.
• Making connection
Readers make connections between books they read to their own lives. Readers can make these connections with what they read to their lives.
• Questioning
Questions are the key to understanding. They take us into understanding. Students need to feel that their questions are important.
• Visualizing and Inferring
Visualizing is creating pictures in our minds. When students visualize, they create their 'own movie' in their minds. Teachers can use picture books that do not have words to help the students make their mental movies.
Inferring is being able to read body languages and expressions while reading the text. To help the students find inferrences in picture books is to focus on the illustrations. The pictures give clues to help gain meaning.
Adopted from:
Mayer.(2010). Reading comprehension. Retrieved from: http://wik.ed.uiuc.edu/index.php/Reading_comprehension. accessed on: April, 26th 2012
Attendance number 48
According to ed1@weeklyreader.com Reading comprehension is a reading activity that the readers do to get:
ReplyDelete1. explicit information; information that can be found from the text clearly
2. Genre; type of thee text
3. Predicting; guessing what will happen next in the text that the reader is reading.
4. Setting; where and when the reading text takes place.
5. Sequence; steps of conflict in the reading text.
6. Main idea; point of the text
7. Drawing conclusion; when the readers conclude what the text about.
8. Character; related to the type of thee player or object inn the text.
9. Comparing; compare something alike.
10. Vocabulary in Context; thee meaning of a word related to the context of the text.
11. Figurative
12. Plot
13. Cause
14. Fact
15. Theme
16. Author purpose
17. Voice; language expression
18. Point of view
19. categorize
20. text features
21. Pronoun reference
References:
ed1@weeklyreader.com.(2012). Top Tips for Teaching Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/66118785/Introduction-to-Reading-Comprehension-Skills. accessed on: April, 26th 2012
Attendance number: 60
ReplyDeleteAccording to Rayner, Barbara, Charles, David , and Mark (2001). Reading comprehension is defined as the level of understanding of a text. This understanding comes from the interaction between the words that are written and how they trigger knowledge outside the text.
From the definition, it can be interviewed that reading comprehension concept is used to understand the text and also the process of reading which the reader develop the ability to find the information of reading, then try to understand unfamiliar words encountered in text.
Reference
Adopted from: Rayner, Keith; Barbara Foorman, Charles Perfetti, David Pesetsky, and Mark Seidenberg (2001). How Psychological Science Informs the Teaching of Reading. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_comprehension. Accessed on: April 27, 2012
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ReplyDeleteA N : 65
ReplyDeleteSimanjuntak (1998) said that reading comprehension is not just reading with aloud voice but reading is established to understand the meaning of words, sentences, and paragraph as well as sense relationship among the ideas.
Based on the Harker (1973) : he said that, the concept of reading comprehension is devided into three categories. The are experimental investigation, verbal statements, and models.
Experimentela investigation of comprehension is deived directly from the testing of a hypothesis by collection and analysis of data.
Verbal statements of comprehension is not directly supported by experimental evidence. Then it is derived into two categories, they are skill-based definition and cognitive based definition. Skill-based defitions represent concepts of comprehension interms of the specific skills which are deemed necessary in order for a reader to comprehend. And the second is cognitive based defition, the comprehension is cognitive process involving a variety of operation which may be described in various ways.
Models comprehension is described interms of hierarchical organization of educational outcomes. It involves a number of separate overt skills which reflect a coherent psychological whole.
References
Simanjuntak. 1998. Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from: http://yoyoii.blogspot.com/2011/06/definition-reading-comprehension.html. Accessed on 18 April 2012.
Harker, W. John. 1973. Concept of Reading Comprehension. Memorical University of Newfoundland St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada. Retrieved from: http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED078397. Accessed on: 18 April 2012
Attandance number:01
ReplyDeleteAccording to ed1@weeklyreader.com Reading comprehension is a reading activity that the readers do to get:
1. explicit information; information that can be found from the text clearly
2. Genre; type of thee text
3. Predicting; guessing what will happen next in the text that the reader is reading.
4. Setting; where and when the reading text takes place.
5. Sequence; steps of conflict in the reading text.
6. Main idea; point of the text
7. Drawing conclusion; when the readers conclude what the text about.
8. Character; related to the type of thee player or object inn the text.
9. Comparing; compare something alike.
10. Vocabulary in Context; thee meaning of a word related to the context of the text.
11. Figurative
12. Plot
13. Cause
14. Fact
15. Theme
16. Author purpose
17. Voice; language expression
18. Point of view
19. categorize
20. text features
21. Pronoun reference
References:
ed1@weeklyreader.com.(2012). Top Tips for Teaching Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/66118785/Introduction-to-Reading-Comprehension-Skills. accessed on: April, 26th 2012