PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 9 TASK 9: 16 FEBRUARI 2012 Explain the differences about text and discourse!
Oxford dictionaries (2012) Text is a book or other written or printed work, regarded in terms of its content rather than its physical form Example : if she was going to go she would have texted us
Oxford dictionaries (2012) Discourse is written or spoken communication or debate Example : she could discourse at great length on the history of Europe
REFERENCE :
Oxford dictionaries. 2012. Text. Avaible on : http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/text. access on : February, 16th 2012 : 08:38 am
Oxford dictionaries. 2012. Discourse. Avaible on : http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/discourse. access on : February, 16th 2012 ; 08:38 am
DEFINITION OF DISCOURSE From a sociological standpoint, discourse is defined as any practice by which individuals imbue reality with meaning. When defined in these terms, discourse is found in a wide range of forms. Indeed, any social practice from a dance, ritual or a piece of music to a job contract, myth or culinary custom can be analyzed discursively Jorge Ruiz Ruiz (2009), sociological discourse analysis shares many of the procedures of other social sciences. Yet sociologists differ greatly in terms of how they approach discourse analysis, thus leading to confusion and doubts regarding the scientific status of sociological discourse analysis. In this article we attempt to clarify the methodological basis of sociological discourse analysis by differentiating it from other discourse analysis practices. To do so, we examine what sociologists actually do when they analyze discourse, while focusing on the common elements and principles shared by the different approaches to sociological discourse analysis. Key words: discourse analysis; qualitative social research; textual analysis; contextual analysis; sociological interpretation; abduction Application of discourse analysis to teaching text interpretation Obviously, all texts have a certain feature in common, namely they are indented to convey some meaning. This function, however, might be fulfilled in a number of different ways: a road sign 'stop', and a six hundred pages long novel are both texts which might serve that purpose, yet, there are certain characteristics that distinguish them. The above example presents the idea somewhat in the extreme, although, enumerating several other common types of texts might affirm that the notion of text is a very broad one and is not limited to such varieties as those that can be found in language course books (Cook 1990, Crystal 1995). Patterns in text .One other frequently occurring arrangement of texts is based on general-specific pattern which is thought to have two variations. In the first one a general statement is followed by a series of more specific sentences referring to the same broad idea, ultimately summarized by one more general remark. Alternatively, a general statement at the beginning of a paragraph might be followed by a specific statement after which several more sentences ensue, each of which is more precise than its predecessor, finally going back to the general idea (McCarthy 1991:158). Available on:http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/discourse.htm. Accssed on 14 February 2012 Availableon:http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1298/2882. Accssed on 14 February 2012 Ruiz Ruiz, Jorge(2009), Sociological Discourse Analysis: Methods and Logic. Available on: Home > Vol 10, No 2 (2009) > Ruiz Ruiz. Accssed on 14 February 2012
Text Mohammad s. Zeidan (2004) Text is a sequence of cohesive and coherent sentences realizing a set of mutually relevant intentions. For example : reading text Discourse Mohammad s. Zeidan (2004) Discourse is modes of speaking and writing which involve participants in adopting aparticular attitude towards areas of socio-cultural activity. For example : conversation and essay.
Zeidan, Mohammad S. 2004. Text and discourse. Available on:http://www.scribd.com/doc/24770073/Discourse-and-Text. Acessed on February, 15th 2012
Ghorboon(2010),"Text" is written material. We discuss the text when we study a novel, drama, or short story. You might even call a letter to someone a text. Diffrerent, "Discourse" can mean spoken conversation or a written discussion of a single topic.
reference: Ghorboon(2010), What's the difference between text, context, and discourse? Avalaible on:http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100727062833AA9OkW0. Acessed on february,16th 2012
Answer.com(2012)Text is something written. Discourse is conversation (written or spoken).
reference: answer.com(2012), what is the differences between text and discourse? Available on: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_'text'_and_'discourse'#ixzz1mWkAWgqo. Acessed on february,16th 2012
Ghorboon(2010),"Text" is written material. We discuss the text when we study a novel, drama, or short story. You might even call a letter to someone a text. Diffrerent, "Discourse" can mean spoken conversation or a written discussion of a single topic. Ghorboon(2010), What's the difference between text, context, and discourse? Avalaible on:http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100727062833AA9OkW0. Acessed on february,16th 2012 Answer.com(2012)Text is something written. Discourse is conversation (written or spoken).
answer.com(2012), what is the differences between text and discourse? Available on: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_'text'_and_'discourse'#ixzz1mWkAWgqo. Acessed on february,16th 2012
Wikipedia (2012) Text is the words in a written work. The main body of a book or other piece of writing, as distinct from other material such as notes or appendices. Wikipedia (2012) The term "discourse" is defined in a number of different ways. Discourse analysts examine spoken, signed and written language and may focus on any aspect of linguistic behaviour, from the study of particular patterns of pronunciation, through word choice, sentence structure and semantic representation, to the pragmatic analysis of how we organize speech encounters (and any combination of these in spoken, written and signed discourse). For example, as language use above the level of the sentence, as language use in context and as real language use So, differences between them. Text is something written. Discourse is conversation (written or spoken).
REFERENCES; Wikipedia.2012. discourse analysis. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse_analysis. Accessed on: 16 february 2012.
Oxford. Definition text. Available on: http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/text. Accessed on: 16 february 2012.
Answer.2012. Available on: distinguish between text and discourse. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_%27text%27_and_%27discourse%27#ixzz1mWaCTXyV. Accessed on: 16 february 2012.
Ghorboon(2010),"Text" is written material. We discuss the text when we study a novel, drama, or short story. You might even call a letter to someone a text. Diffrerent, "Discourse" can mean spoken conversation or a written discussion of a single topic.
reference: Ghorboon(2010), What's the difference between text, context, and discourse? Avalaible on:http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100727062833AA9OkW0. Acessed on february,16th 2012
Answer.com(2012)Text is something written. Discourse is conversation (written or spoken). reference: answer.com(2012), what is the differences between text and discourse? Available on: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_'text'_and_'discourse'#ixzz1mWkAWgqo. Acessed on february,16th 2012
DEFINITION OF DISCOURSE From a sociological standpoint, discourse is defined as any practice by which individuals imbue reality with meaning. When defined in these terms, discourse is found in a wide range of forms. Indeed, any social practice from a dance, ritual or a piece of music to a job contract, myth or culinary custom can be analyzed discursively Jorge Ruiz Ruiz (2009), sociological discourse analysis shares many of the procedures of other social sciences. Yet sociologists differ greatly in terms of how they approach discourse analysis, thus leading to confusion and doubts regarding the scientific status of sociological discourse analysis. In this article we attempt to clarify the methodological basis of sociological discourse analysis by differentiating it from other discourse analysis practices. To do so, we examine what sociologists actually do when they analyze discourse, while focusing on the common elements and principles shared by the different approaches to sociological discourse analysis. Key words: discourse analysis; qualitative social research; textual analysis; contextual analysis; sociological interpretation; abduction Application of discourse analysis to teaching text interpretation Obviously, all texts have a certain feature in common, namely they are indented to convey some meaning. This function, however, might be fulfilled in a number of different ways: a road sign 'stop', and a six hundred pages long novel are both texts which might serve that purpose, yet, there are certain characteristics that distinguish them. The above example presents the idea somewhat in the extreme, although, enumerating several other common types of texts might affirm that the notion of text is a very broad one and is not limited to such varieties as those that can be found in language course books (Cook 1990, Crystal 1995). Patterns in text .One other frequently occurring arrangement of texts is based on general-specific pattern which is thought to have two variations. In the first one a general statement is followed by a series of more specific sentences referring to the same broad idea, ultimately summarized by one more general remark. Alternatively, a general statement at the beginning of a paragraph might be followed by a specific statement after which several more sentences ensue, each of which is more precise than its predecessor, finally going back to the general idea (McCarthy 1991:158). Available on:http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/discourse.htm. Accssed on 14 February 2012 Availableon:http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1298/2882. Accssed on 14 February 2012 Ruiz Ruiz, Jorge(2009), Sociological Discourse Analysis: Methods and Logic. Available on: Home > Vol 10, No 2 (2009) > Ruiz Ruiz. Accssed on 14 February 2012
DEFINITION OF DISCOURSE From a sociological standpoint, discourse is defined as any practice by which individuals imbue reality with meaning. When defined in these terms, discourse is found in a wide range of forms. Indeed, any social practice from a dance, ritual or a piece of music to a job contract, myth or culinary custom can be analyzed discursively Jorge Ruiz Ruiz (2009), sociological discourse analysis shares many of the procedures of other social sciences. Yet sociologists differ greatly in terms of how they approach discourse analysis, thus leading to confusion and doubts regarding the scientific status of sociological discourse analysis. In this article we attempt to clarify the methodological basis of sociological discourse analysis by differentiating it from other discourse analysis practices. To do so, we examine what sociologists actually do when they analyze discourse, while focusing on the common elements and principles shared by the different approaches to sociological discourse analysis. Key words: discourse analysis; qualitative social research; textual analysis; contextual analysis; sociological interpretation; abduction Application of discourse analysis to teaching text interpretation Obviously, all texts have a certain feature in common, namely they are indented to convey some meaning. This function, however, might be fulfilled in a number of different ways: a road sign 'stop', and a six hundred pages long novel are both texts which might serve that purpose, yet, there are certain characteristics that distinguish them. The above example presents the idea somewhat in the extreme, although, enumerating several other common types of texts might affirm that the notion of text is a very broad one and is not limited to such varieties as those that can be found in language course books (Cook 1990, Crystal 1995). Patterns in text .One other frequently occurring arrangement of texts is based on general-specific pattern which is thought to have two variations. In the first one a general statement is followed by a series of more specific sentences referring to the same broad idea, ultimately summarized by one more general remark. Alternatively, a general statement at the beginning of a paragraph might be followed by a specific statement after which several more sentences ensue, each of which is more precise than its predecessor, finally going back to the general idea (McCarthy 1991:158). Available on:http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/discourse.htm. Accssed on 14 February 2012 Availableon:http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1298/2882. Accssed on 14 February 2012 Ruiz Ruiz, Jorge(2009), Sociological Discourse Analysis: Methods and Logic. Available on: Home > Vol 10, No 2 (2009) > Ruiz Ruiz. Accssed on 14 February 2012
DEFINITION OF DISCOURSE From a sociological standpoint, discourse is defined as any practice by which individuals imbue reality with meaning. When defined in these terms, discourse is found in a wide range of forms. Indeed, any social practice from a dance, ritual or a piece of music to a job contract, myth or culinary custom can be analyzed discursively Jorge Ruiz Ruiz (2009), sociological discourse analysis shares many of the procedures of other social sciences. Yet sociologists differ greatly in terms of how they approach discourse analysis, thus leading to confusion and doubts regarding the scientific status of sociological discourse analysis. In this article we attempt to clarify the methodological basis of sociological discourse analysis by differentiating it from other discourse analysis practices. To do so, we examine what sociologists actually do when they analyze discourse, while focusing on the common elements and principles shared by the different approaches to sociological discourse analysis. Key words: discourse analysis; qualitative social research; textual analysis; contextual analysis; sociological interpretation; abduction Application of discourse analysis to teaching text interpretation Obviously, all texts have a certain feature in common, namely they are indented to convey some meaning. This function, however, might be fulfilled in a number of different ways: a road sign 'stop', and a six hundred pages long novel are both texts which might serve that purpose, yet, there are certain characteristics that distinguish them. The above example presents the idea somewhat in the extreme, although, enumerating several other common types of texts might affirm that the notion of text is a very broad one and is not limited to such varieties as those that can be found in language course books (Cook 1990, Crystal 1995). Patterns in text .One other frequently occurring arrangement of texts is based on general-specific pattern which is thought to have two variations. In the first one a general statement is followed by a series of more specific sentences referring to the same broad idea, ultimately summarized by one more general remark. Alternatively, a general statement at the beginning of a paragraph might be followed by a specific statement after which several more sentences ensue, each of which is more precise than its predecessor, finally going back to the general idea (McCarthy 1991:158). Available on:http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/discourse.htm. Accssed on 14 February 2012 Availableon:http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1298/2882. Accssed on 14 February 2012 Ruiz Ruiz, Jorge(2009), Sociological Discourse Analysis: Methods and Logic. Available on: Home > Vol 10, No 2 (2009) > Ruiz Ruiz. Accssed on 14 February 2012
DEFINITION OF DISCOURSE From a sociological standpoint, discourse is defined as any practice by which individuals imbue reality with meaning. When defined in these terms, discourse is found in a wide range of forms. Indeed, any social practice from a dance, ritual or a piece of music to a job contract, myth or culinary custom can be analyzed discursively Jorge Ruiz Ruiz (2009), sociological discourse analysis shares many of the procedures of other social sciences. Yet sociologists differ greatly in terms of how they approach discourse analysis, thus leading to confusion and doubts regarding the scientific status of sociological discourse analysis. In this article we attempt to clarify the methodological basis of sociological discourse analysis by differentiating it from other discourse analysis practices. To do so, we examine what sociologists actually do when they analyze discourse, while focusing on the common elements and principles shared by the different approaches to sociological discourse analysis. Key words: discourse analysis; qualitative social research; textual analysis; contextual analysis; sociological interpretation; abduction Application of discourse analysis to teaching text interpretation Obviously, all texts have a certain feature in common, namely they are indented to convey some meaning. This function, however, might be fulfilled in a number of different ways: a road sign 'stop', and a six hundred pages long novel are both texts which might serve that purpose, yet, there are certain characteristics that distinguish them. The above example presents the idea somewhat in the extreme, although, enumerating several other common types of texts might affirm that the notion of text is a very broad one and is not limited to such varieties as those that can be found in language course books (Cook 1990, Crystal 1995). Patterns in text .One other frequently occurring arrangement of texts is based on general-specific pattern which is thought to have two variations. In the first one a general statement is followed by a series of more specific sentences referring to the same broad idea, ultimately summarized by one more general remark. Alternatively, a general statement at the beginning of a paragraph might be followed by a specific statement after which several more sentences ensue, each of which is more precise than its predecessor, finally going back to the general idea (McCarthy 1991:158). Available on:http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/discourse.htm. Accssed on 14 February 2012 Availableon:http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1298/2882. Accssed on 14 February 2012 Ruiz Ruiz, Jorge(2009), Sociological Discourse Analysis: Methods and Logic. Available on: Home > Vol 10, No 2 (2009) > Ruiz Ruiz. Accssed on 14 February 2012
Widdowson (1973). Text: is made up of sentences. - A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion. -Text Analysis: deals with cohesion. Discourse: is the use of such sentences. - A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence. - Discourse analysis: investigates coherence.
The other distinction: • Text: • Text is defined in terms of its being a physical product.
• Meaning is not found in text. • written • Text analysis: investigates written form
• Discourse: • Discourse is viewed as a process.
• Meaning is derived through the reader’s interaction with the text à discourse. • Spoken • Discourse analysis: analyzes spoken form.
Many researchers have come to this conclusion: Discourse analysis includes all studies investigating the supra-sentential structure of any stretch of language, spoken or written.
Reference: faculty.ksu.edu.sa/.Text.pp. Discourse vs. Text. Available on: http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Kamal/429/Discourse%20vs.Text.ppt. accesed on 16 February 2012
Widdowson (1973). Text: is made up of sentences. - A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion. -Text Analysis: deals with cohesion. Discourse: is the use of such sentences. - A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence. - Discourse analysis: investigates coherence.
The other distinction: • Text: • Text is defined in terms of its being a physical product.
• Meaning is not found in text. • written • Text analysis: investigates written form
• Discourse: • Discourse is viewed as a process.
• Meaning is derived through the reader’s interaction with the text à discourse. • Spoken • Discourse analysis: analyzes spoken form.
Many researchers have come to this conclusion: Discourse analysis includes all studies investigating the supra-sentential structure of any stretch of language, spoken or written.
Reference: faculty.ksu.edu.sa/.Text.pp. Discourse vs. Text. Available on: http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Kamal/429/Discourse%20vs.Text.ppt. accesed on 16 February 2012
• Text is made up of sentences. • Text is written - A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion. - Meaning is not found in text - Text is defined in terms of its being a physical product. - Text Analysis: deals with cohesion.
• Discourse is the use of such sentences. - A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence. - Discourse is spoken. - Discourse is viewed as a process. - Meaning is derived through the reader’s interaction with the text à discourse. - Discourse analysis: investigates coherence.
Widdowson. 1973. differences between text and discourse. Available on: http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=differences%20between%20text%20and%20discourse&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCwQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.ksu.edu.sa%2FKamal%2F429%2FDiscourse%2520vs.Text.ppt&ei=jAQ9T9zFEJGyrAeorPi3Bw&usg=AFQjCNGvKvycFpuf1r0ZrzOKSfUo4lPbyg&cad=rja. Accessed on: 16th February 2012.
• Text: Widdowson (1973) • Text is defined in terms of its being a physical product. • Meaning is not found in text. • written • Text analysis: investigates written form • Therefore, the term ‘text’ should be abandoned unless it is used to refer to the physical arrangement of linguistic signals on paper ( Tadros , 1981).
Discourse: Widdowson (1973) • Discourse is viewed as a process. Meaning is derived through the reader’s interaction with the text à discourse • Spoken • Discourse analysis: analyzes spoken form. • Discourse analysis includes all studies investigating the supra-sentential structure of any stretch of language, spoken or written.
In my opinion : Text is written material. We discuss the text when we study a novel, drama, or short story. You might even call a letter to someone a text. Discourse can mean spoken conversation or a written discussion of a single topic.
Example : Widdowson (1973) • Text: is made up of sentences. - A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion. -Text Analysis: deals with cohesion.
• Discourse: is the use of such sentences. - A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence. - Discourse analysis: investigates coherence.
References http://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=differences%20about%20text%20and%20discourse%20widdowson&source=web&cd=1&ved : accessed on 15 February 2012
http://fdslive.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/elt/catalogue/9780194372404-a.pdf?cc=global&selLanguage=en : accessed on 15 February 2012
• Text: Widdowson (1973) • Text is defined in terms of its being a physical product. • Meaning is not found in text. • written • Text analysis: investigates written form • Therefore, the term ‘text’ should be abandoned unless it is used to refer to the physical arrangement of linguistic signals on paper ( Tadros , 1981).
Discourse: Widdowson (1973) • Discourse is viewed as a process. Meaning is derived through the reader’s interaction with the text à discourse • Spoken • Discourse analysis: analyzes spoken form. • Discourse analysis includes all studies investigating the supra-sentential structure of any stretch of language, spoken or written.
In my opinion : Text is written material. We discuss the text when we study a novel, drama, or short story. You might even call a letter to someone a text. Discourse can mean spoken conversation or a written discussion of a single topic.
Example : Widdowson (1973) • Text: is made up of sentences. - A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion. -Text Analysis: deals with cohesion.
• Discourse: is the use of such sentences. - A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence. - Discourse analysis: investigates coherence.
References http://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=differences%20about%20text%20and%20discourse%20widdowson&source=web&cd=1&ved : accessed on 15 February 2012
http://fdslive.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/elt/catalogue/9780194372404-a.pdf?cc=global&selLanguage=en : accessed on 15 February 2012
• Text: Widdowson (1973) • Text is defined in terms of its being a physical product. • Meaning is not found in text. • written • Text analysis: investigates written form • Therefore, the term ‘text’ should be abandoned unless it is used to refer to the physical arrangement of linguistic signals on paper ( Tadros , 1981).
Discourse: Widdowson (1973) • Discourse is viewed as a process. Meaning is derived through the reader’s interaction with the text à discourse • Spoken • Discourse analysis: analyzes spoken form. • Discourse analysis includes all studies investigating the supra-sentential structure of any stretch of language, spoken or written.
In my opinion : Text is written material. We discuss the text when we study a novel, drama, or short story. You might even call a letter to someone a text. Discourse can mean spoken conversation or a written discussion of a single topic.
Example : Widdowson (1973) • Text: is made up of sentences. - A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion. -Text Analysis: deals with cohesion.
• Discourse: is the use of such sentences. - A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence. - Discourse analysis: investigates coherence.
References http://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=differences%20about%20text%20and%20discourse%20widdowson&source=web&cd=1&ved : accessed on 15 February 2012
http://fdslive.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/elt/catalogue/9780194372404-a.pdf?cc=global&selLanguage=en : accessed on 15 February 2012
TEXT In Wikipedia (2012) said, Text is the words in a written work.
According to Oxford dictionaries (2012) Text is a book or other written or printed work, regarded in terms of its content rather than its physical form Example : if she was going to go she would have texted us
Furthermore, Mohammad s. Zeidan (2004) Text is a sequence of cohesive and coherent sentences realizing a set of mutually relevant intentions. For example : reading text . DISCOURSE In Oxford dictionaries (2012) Discourse is written or spoken communication or debate Example : she could discourse at great length on the history of Europe
In the other hand, Mohammad s. Zeidan (2004) explain that, Discourse is modes of speaking and writing which involve participants in adopting aparticular attitude towards areas of socio-cultural activity. For example : conversation and essay.
So, in my opinion, Text is words in written material and Discourse is activity like written or spoken discussion. Example : • Text text of drama, news, or in a magazine • Discourse discourse analysis
Reference: Oxford dictionaries. 2012. Discourse. Avaible on : http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/discourse. Access on : February, 16th 2012
Oxford dictionaries. 2012. Text. Avaible on : http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/text. Access on : February, 16th 2012
Zeidan, Mohammad S. 2004. Text and discourse. Available on:http://www.scribd.com/doc/24770073/Discourse-and-Text. Acessed on February, 16th 2012
Wikipedia.2012. discourse analysis. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse_analysis. Accessed on: February,16th 2012.
3 Januari 2012 Text : A sequence of cohesive and coherent sentences realizing a set of mutuallyrelevant intentions.
Discourse : Modes of speaking and writing which involve participants in adopting aparticular attitude towards areas of socio-cultural activity. Example In order to have a good idea about the way through which we can study discourse, theinterface between text, genre and discourse, and the concept of translation shifts, it isbetter to give some examples: 1) "She reminded me of a northern Italian peasant woman with her clothes, her mobileface and her lovely, thick, alive immigrant hair which she wore put up in the sameway she had probably worn it in college. She talked all the time and at first it wasabout people and places". 2) She was working on a piece of needlepoint when we first met them and she workedon this and saw to the food and drink and talked to my wife. She made oneconversation and listened to two and often interrupted the one she was not making.
Text is the written or printed words, as opposed to the illustrations. The term ‘Text’ has many complex and intricate meanings. Philosophers have labeled it a non-definableconcept. Its original use refers simply to a body of writing. The classical concept of text concerns only thewritten and linguistic domains, where text is regarded as “an autonomous stable, coherent object with adeterminate identity” ,involving two components: The signifier, i.e. words which carry the meaning; andthe signified, i.e. the fixed meaning communicated by the text..
DISCOURSE
Discourse generally refers to "written or spoken communication". Discourse is modes of speaking and writing which involve participants in adopting aparticular attitude towards areas of socio-cultural activity. Discourse analysis includes all studies investigating the supra-sentential structure of any stretch of language, spoken or written. And discourse analysis has been taken up in a variety of social science disciplines, including linguistics, sociology, anthropology, social work, cognitive psychology, social psychology, international relations, human geography, communication studies and translation studies, each of which is subject to its own assumptions, dimensions of analysis, and methodologies.
THE DIFFERENCES ABOUT TEXT AND DISCOURSE
So from defitions above we can know that the differences between text and discourse: text is something written and discourse is conversation (written or spoken).
REFFERENCES
Wikipedia.2012.Discouse Analysis.Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse_analysis. Accessed on 14 February 2012. Wikipedia.2012.Discourse.Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse. Accessed on 8 February 2012. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_'text'_and_'discourse'
NAME: NUR AZIZAH ZATMEDIKA NIM: 09250044 PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 9 TASK 9: 16 FEBRUARI 2012 Explain the differences about text and discourse! Definitions.net (2012): Text is a discourse or composition on which a note or commentary is written; the original words of an author, in distinction from a paraphrase, annotation, or commentary. Wikipedia.org (2012): Discourse (from Latin discursus, meaning "running to and from") generally refers to "written or spoken communication". The following are three more specific definitions: • In semantics and discourse analysis: A generalization of the concept of conversation to all modalities and contexts. • "The totality of codified linguistic usages attached to a given type of social practice. (E.g.: legal discourse, medical discourse, religious discourse.)" • In the work of Michel Foucault, and social theorists inspired by him: "an entity of sequences of signs in that they are enouncements (enoncés). An enouncement (l'énoncé - often translated as "statement") is not a unity of signs, but an abstract matter that enables signs to assign specific repeatable relations to objects, subjects and other enouncements. Thus, a discourse constitutes sequences of such relations to objects, subjects and other enouncements. A discursive formation is defined as the regularities that produces such discourses. Foucault used the concept of discursive formation in relation to his analysis of large bodies of knowledge, such as political economy and natural history. Anglozof.com, (2008): Originally the word 'discourse' comes from Latin 'discursus' which denoted 'conversation, speech'. Thus understood, however, discourse refers to too wide an area of human life, therefore only discourse from the vantage point of linguistics, and especially applied linguistics, is explained here."Discourse: a continuous stretch of (especially spoken) language larger than a sentence, often constituting a coherent unit such as a sermon, argument, joke, or narrative" (Crystal 1992:25). On the other hand Dakowska, being aware of differences between kinds of discourses indicates the unity of communicative intentions as a vital element of each of them. Consequently she suggests using terms 'text' and 'discourse' almost interchangeably betokening the former refers to the linguistic product, while the latter implies the entire dynamics of the processes (Dakowska 2001:81). According to Cook (1990:7) novels, as well as short conversations or groans might be equally rightfully named discourses. Seven criteria which have to be fulfilled to qualify either a written or a spoken text as a discourse have been suggested by Beaugrande (1981). These include: • Cohesion - grammatical relationship between parts of a sentence essential for its interpretation; • Coherence - the order of statements relates one another by sense. • Intentionality - the message has to be conveyed deliberately and consciously; • Acceptability - indicates that the communicative product needs to be satisfactory in that the audience approves it; • Informativeness - some new information has to be included in the discourse; • Situationality - circumstances in which the remark is made are important; • Intertextuality - reference to the world outside the text or the interpreters' schemata;
In my opinion, the difference between about text and discourse that text is something written and discourse is conversation (written or spoken). REFERENCE: Definitions.net. 2012. Definitions of Text. Available on: http://www.definitions.net/definition/text. Accessed on: 16th, February 2012. en.wikipedia.org. 2012. Discourse. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse. Accessed on: 16th, February 2012. Anglozof.com. 2008. Discourse Analysis. Available on: http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/discourse.htm. Accessed on: 16th, February 2012.
NAME: NUR AZIZAH ZATMEDIKA NIM: O9250044 PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 9 TASK 9: 16 FEBRUARI 2012 Explain the differences about text and discourse! Definitions.net (2012): Text is a discourse or composition on which a note or commentary is written; the original words of an author, in distinction from a paraphrase, annotation, or commentary Wikipedia.org (2012): Discourse (from Latin discursus, meaning "running to and from") generally refers to "written or spoken communication". The following are three more specific definitions: • In semantics and discourse analysis: A generalization of the concept of conversation to all modalities and contexts. • "The totality of codified linguistic usages attached to a given type of social practice. (E.g.: legal discourse, medical discourse, religious discourse.)" • In the work of Michel Foucault, and social theorists inspired by him: "an entity of sequences of signs in that they are enouncements (enoncés). An enouncement (l'énoncé - often translated as "statement") is not a unity of signs, but an abstract matter that enables signs to assign specific repeatable relations to objects, subjects and other enouncements. Thus, a discourse constitutes sequences of such relations to objects, subjects and other enouncements. A discursive formation is defined as the regularities that produces such discourses. Foucault used the concept of discursive formation in relation to his analysis of large bodies of knowledge, such as political economy and natural history. (Anglozof.com, 2008): Originally the word 'discourse' comes from Latin 'discursus' which denoted 'conversation, speech'. Thus understood, however, discourse refers to too wide an area of human life, therefore only discourse from the vantage point of linguistics, and especially applied linguistics, is explained here. "Discourse: a continuous stretch of (especially spoken) language larger than a sentence, often constituting a coherent unit such as a sermon, argument, joke, or narrative" (Crystal 1992:25). On the other hand Dakowska, being aware of differences between kinds of discourses indicates the unity of communicative intentions as a vital element of each of them. Consequently she suggests using terms 'text' and 'discourse' almost interchangeably betokening the former refers to the linguistic product, while the latter implies the entire dynamics of the processes (Dakowska 2001:81). According to Cook (1990:7) novels, as well as short conversations or groans might be equally rightfully named discourses. Seven criteria which have to be fulfilled to qualify either a written or a spoken text as a discourse have been suggested by Beaugrande (1981). These include: • Cohesion - grammatical relationship between parts of a sentence essential for its interpretation; • Coherence - the order of statements relates one another by sense. • Intentionality - the message has to be conveyed deliberately and consciously; • Acceptability - indicates that the communicative product needs to be satisfactory in that the audience approves it; • Informativeness - some new information has to be included in the discourse; • Situationality - circumstances in which the remark is made are important; • Intertextuality - reference to the world outside the text or the interpreters' schemata; In my opinion, the difference between about text and discourse that text is something written and discourse is conversation (written or spoken).
REFERENCE: Definitions.net. 2012. Definitions of Text. Available on: http://www.definitions.net/definition/text. Accessed on: 16th, February 2012. en.wikipedia.org. 2012. Discourse. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse. Accessed on: 16th, February 2012. Anglozof.com. 2008. Discourse Analysis. Available on: http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/discourse.htm. Accessed on: 16th, February 2012.
Task 9, Explain the differences about text and discourse!
Nordquist,Richard.(2012). Text is (1) The original words of something written, printed, or spoken, (2) A coherent stretch of language that may be regarded as an object of critical analysis.
Yourdictionary.com(2012). Text is the words in a writtten work. An example of text is the words in a book.
Examples of Text according Merriam Webster (2012) 1. A good critic will refer back to the text often. 2. You can find the full text of his speech on his Web site.
Nordquist,Richard.(2012). In linguistics, Discourse is (1). a unit of language longer than a single sentence. (2) More broadly, the use of spoken or written language in a social context.
Examples of Discourse according merriam Webster (2012) 1. He likes to engage in lively discourse with his visitors. 2. She delivered an entertaining discourse on the current state of the film industry
According answer.com (2012) the differences between text and discourse is Text is description and Discourse is speech.
References:
Nordquist,Richard.2012.Text. Available On: http://grammar.about.com/od/tz/g/textterm.htm Accessed On: February 11th 2012
Yourdictionary.com(2012).definition text Available On: http://www.yourdictionary.com/text Accessed On: February 11th 2012
Webster,Merriam.2012. text. Available On: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/text Accessed On: February 11th 2012
Nordquist,Richard.2012.Definition of Discourse. Available On: http://grammar.about.com/od/d/g/discourseterm.htm Accessed On: February 11th 2012
Webster,meriam.2012.Discourse. Available On: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/discourse Accessed On: February 11th 2012
Answer.com.2012). The differences between text and discourse? Available on: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/The_differences_between_text_and_discourse accessed on: february 11th 2012.
Text is the words in a writtten work. (noun) An example of text is the words in a book. Text means to send a text message, often by cell phone. (verb) An example of text is to send a message to your family to tell them you will be home late.
Texts are words which carry the meaning; signified, i.e. the fixed meaning communicated by the text. It gives the example of the letters R, E, and D,which form a word
Discourse
Discourse is a term that can be described in a number of ways. In language studies, it refers to the speech patterns and how language, dialects, and acceptable statements are used in a particular community. Discourse is a subject of study particularly in peoples who reside in secluded areas and share the same speech conventions.
brainz.org/what-discourse/ -.2010. what is Discourse?. Available on: http://brainz.org/what-discourse/. Accessed on: 17 february 2012.
www.yourdictionary.com.2012.text. Available on: http://www.yourdictionary.com/text. Accessed on: 17 february 2012.
www.scribd.com.2012.Fine Art Theories and Histories: Text. Available on: http://www.scribd.com/Adzza24/d/29767913-What-is-Text. Accessed on: 17 february 2012.
Nim : 09250049 Discourse (from Latin discursus, meaning "running to and from") generally refers to "written or spoken communication". Discourses are seen to affect our views on all things; it is not possible to avoid discourse. FIn other words, the chosen discourse provides the vocabulary, expressions and perhaps also the style needed to communicate.
For example, two notably distinct discourses can be used about various guerrilla movements describing them either as "freedom fighters" or "terrorists".
Text is the original words of something written, printed, or spoken, in contrast to a summary or paraphrase. Text, A stretch of language, either in speech or in writing, that is semantically and pragmatically coherent in its real-world context. A text can range from just one word.
For example : a SLOW sign on the road) to a sequence of utterances or sentences in a speech, a letter, a novel, etc. (Ronald Carter and Michael McCarthy, Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006)
REFERENCE -A. McHoul & W. Grace (1993). A Foucault primer: Discourse, power, and the subject. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse -Ronald Carter and Michael McCarthy, Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006 http://grammar.about.com/od/tz/g/textterm.htm
English dictionary.com defined text as a piece of writing such as a book or play that you study for an examination or for research.
An example of text is the words in a book
Definition of discourse
yourdictionary.com defined discourse as The definition of discourse is a discussion about a topic either in writing or face to face.
An example of discourse is muhammad yusuf meeting with a student to discuss a book.
references:
English dictionary.com. 2009. text - definition. Available on: http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/text. Accessed on February, 19th 2012
yourdictionary.com. 2012. discourse. Available on: http://www.yourdictionary.com/discourse. Accessed on February, 19th 2012
Text: A sequence of cohesive and coherent sentences realizing a set of mutually relevant intentions. Text is made up of sentences. A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion.Text Analysis: deals with cohesion. Discourse: Modes of speaking and writing which involve participants in adopting aparticular attitude towards areas of socio-cultural activity. is the use of such sentences. A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence. Discourse analysis: investigates coherence. Originally the word 'discourse' comes from Latin 'discursus' which denoted 'conversation, speech'. Thus understood, however, discourse refers to too wide an area of human life. "Discourse: a continuous stretch of (especially spoken) language larger than a sentence, often constituting a coherent unit such as a sermon, argument, joke, or narrative" (Crystal 1992:25). On the other hand Dakowska, being aware of differences between kinds of discourses indicates the unity of communicative intentions as a vital element of each of them. Consequently she suggests using terms 'text' and 'discourse' almost interchangeably betokening the former refers to the linguistic product, while the latter implies the entire dynamics of the processes (Dakowska 2001:81). According to Cook (1990:7) novels, as well as short conversations or groans might be equally rightfully named discourses. Seven criteria which have to be fulfilled to qualify either a written or a spoken text as a discourse have been suggested by Beaugrande (1981). These include: • Cohesion - grammatical relationship between parts of a sentence essential for its interpretation; • Coherence - the order of statements relates one another by sense. • Intentionality - the message has to be conveyed deliberately and consciously; • Acceptability - indicates that the communicative product needs to be satisfactory in that the audience approves it; • Informativeness - some new information has to be included in the discourse; • Situationality - circumstances in which the remark is made are important; • Intertextuality - reference to the world outside the text or the interpreters' schemata;
Wiśniewski, Kamil. 2006. Discourse Analysis. Available on: http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/discourse.htm. Accessed on: February 18, 2012 Zeidan, Mohammad S. 2012. Discorse and Text. Available on: http://www.scribd.com/doc/24770073/Discourse-and-Text. Accessed on: February 18, 2012
"Text" is written material. We discuss the text when we study a novel, drama, or short story. You might even call a letter to someone a text. "Discourse" can mean spoken conversation or a written discussion of a single topic.
Widdowson (1973) Text: is made up of sentences. - A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion. -Text Analysis: deals with cohesion Discourse: is the use of such sentences. - A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence. Discourse analysis: investigates coherence.
Therefore, the term ‘text’ should be abandoned unless it is used to refer to the physical arrangement of linguistic signals on paper (Tadros, 1981).
Text: • Text is defined in terms of its being a physical product. • Meaning is not found in text.
Discourse: • Discourse is viewed as a process. • Meaning is derived through the reader’s interaction with the text à discourse.
"Text" is written material. We discuss the text when we study a novel, drama, or short story. You might even call a letter to someone a text. "Discourse" can mean spoken conversation or a written discussion of a single topic.
Widdowson (1973) Text: is made up of sentences. - A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion. -Text Analysis: deals with cohesion Discourse: is the use of such sentences. - A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence. Discourse analysis: investigates coherence.
Therefore, the term ‘text’ should be abandoned unless it is used to refer to the physical arrangement of linguistic signals on paper (Tadros, 1981).
Text: • Text is defined in terms of its being a physical product. • Meaning is not found in text.
Discourse: • Discourse is viewed as a process. • Meaning is derived through the reader’s interaction with the text à discourse.
Wikipedia (2012) Discourse analysis (DA), or discourse studies, is a general term for a number of approaches to analyzing written, spoken, signed language use or any significant semiotic event. The objects of discourse analysis — discourse, writing, conversation, communicative event, etc.—are variously defined in terms of coherent sequences of sentences, propositions, speech acts or turns-at-talk. Contrary to much of traditional linguistics, discourse analysts not only study language use 'beyond the sentence boundary', but also prefer to analyze 'naturally occurring' language use, and not invented examples. This is known as corpus linguistics; text linguistics is related. The essential difference between discourse analysis and text linguistics is that it aims at revealing socio-psychological characteristics of a person/persons rather than text structure. Wikipedia (2012) TEXT is the band founded by Kristofer Steen, David Sandström, Fredrik Bäckström and Jon F Brännström. All, except Bäckström, were ex-members of hardcore band Refused. Stylistically, they have little in common with Refused. Their debut album, Text, is a mix of spoken word, music of various styles, and ambient sound effects, often producing an ethereal, avant-garde sound. Apart from the three "Tableau" tracks (which are one piece, split up across the album), each track could be described as fitting into a different genre. In 2008, a second album, Vital Signs, was released. Yet again the style of music is far from Refused and the first Text album. Only Fredrik Bäckström and Jon F Brännström appear on this album. Reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TEXT http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DISCOURSE
Nim: 09250054 Discourse Is behavioral unit. It is a set of utterances which constitute a recognizable speech event such as, aconversation, a joke, a sermon, an intervieew, etc. e.g. aconversation between father and son. father : is that your coat on th efloor again ? Son : Yes ( goes on reading )
Text focuses on the structure of written languge, as found in such text as essays, notices, road signs and chapters.
References : Lucid, Cupid. 2008. Available on:http://www.slideshare.net/cupidlucid/discourse-analysis-presentation-710333. Acessed on February, 22th 2012
A sequence of cohesive and coherent sentences realizing a set of mutually relevant intentions. Text is description, we have communication through writing. example of such small-scale texts are public notices like “danger” , “slow”, “keep left” and “exit”.
DISCOURSE
Modes of speaking and writing which involve participants in adopting particular attitude towards areas of socio-cultural activity. Discourse is speech, we have communication to others as direct speech. (Hatim and Munday: 2004 p. 88).
Example ; when we talk each other directly.
References: Oxford university press.available on:http://fdslive.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/elt/catalogue/9780194372404-a.pdf?cc=hu&selLanguage=hu .access on 18 february 2012 Zeidan mohammda.2012.available on:http://www.scribd.com/doc/24770073/Discourse-and-Text.access on 23 february 2012.
A sequence of cohesive and coherent sentences realizing a set of mutually relevant intentions. Text is description, we have communication through writing. example of such small-scale texts are public notices like “danger” , “slow”, “keep left” and “exit”.
DISCOURSE
Modes of speaking and writing which involve participants in adopting particular attitude towards areas of socio-cultural activity. Discourse is speech, we have communication to others as direct speech. (Hatim and Munday: 2004 p. 88).
Example ; when we talk each other directly.
References: Oxford university press.available on:http://fdslive.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/elt/catalogue/9780194372404-a.pdf?cc=hu&selLanguage=hu .access on 18 february 2012 Zeidan mohammda.2012.available on:http://www.scribd.com/doc/24770073/Discourse-and-Text.access on 23 february 2012.
PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 9
ReplyDeleteTASK 9: 16 FEBRUARI 2012
Explain the differences about text and discourse!
Oxford dictionaries (2012) Text is a book or other written or printed work, regarded in terms of its content rather than its physical form
Example : if she was going to go she would have texted us
Oxford dictionaries (2012) Discourse is written or spoken communication or debate
Example : she could discourse at great length on the history of Europe
REFERENCE :
Oxford dictionaries. 2012. Text. Avaible on : http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/text. access on : February, 16th 2012 : 08:38 am
Oxford dictionaries. 2012. Discourse. Avaible on : http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/discourse. access on : February, 16th 2012 ; 08:38 am
DEFINITION OF DISCOURSE
ReplyDeleteFrom a sociological standpoint, discourse is defined as any practice by which individuals imbue reality with meaning. When defined in these terms, discourse is found in a wide range of forms. Indeed, any social practice from a dance, ritual or a piece of music to a job contract, myth or culinary custom can be analyzed discursively
Jorge Ruiz Ruiz (2009), sociological discourse analysis shares many of the procedures of other social sciences. Yet sociologists differ greatly in terms of how they approach discourse analysis, thus leading to confusion and doubts regarding the scientific status of sociological discourse analysis. In this article we attempt to clarify the methodological basis of sociological discourse analysis by differentiating it from other discourse analysis practices. To do so, we examine what sociologists actually do when they analyze discourse, while focusing on the common elements and principles shared by the different approaches to sociological discourse analysis. Key words: discourse analysis; qualitative social research; textual analysis; contextual analysis; sociological interpretation; abduction
Application of discourse analysis to teaching text interpretation
Obviously, all texts have a certain feature in common, namely they are indented to convey some meaning. This function, however, might be fulfilled in a number of different ways: a road sign 'stop', and a six hundred pages long novel are both texts which might serve that purpose, yet, there are certain characteristics that distinguish them. The above example presents the idea somewhat in the extreme, although, enumerating several other common types of texts might affirm that the notion of text is a very broad one and is not limited to such varieties as those that can be found in language course books (Cook 1990, Crystal 1995).
Patterns in text
.One other frequently occurring arrangement of texts is based on general-specific pattern which is thought to have two variations. In the first one a general statement is followed by a series of more specific sentences referring to the same broad idea, ultimately summarized by one more general remark. Alternatively, a general statement at the beginning of a paragraph might be followed by a specific statement after which several more sentences ensue, each of which is more precise than its predecessor, finally going back to the general idea (McCarthy 1991:158).
Available on:http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/discourse.htm. Accssed on 14 February 2012
Availableon:http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1298/2882. Accssed on 14 February 2012
Ruiz Ruiz, Jorge(2009), Sociological Discourse Analysis: Methods and Logic. Available on: Home > Vol 10, No 2 (2009) > Ruiz Ruiz. Accssed on 14 February 2012
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ReplyDeleteText
ReplyDeleteMohammad s. Zeidan (2004)
Text is a sequence of cohesive and coherent sentences realizing a set of mutually relevant intentions.
For example : reading text
Discourse
Mohammad s. Zeidan (2004)
Discourse is modes of speaking and writing which involve participants in adopting aparticular attitude towards areas of socio-cultural activity.
For example : conversation and essay.
Zeidan, Mohammad S. 2004. Text and discourse. Available on:http://www.scribd.com/doc/24770073/Discourse-and-Text. Acessed on February, 15th 2012
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteGhorboon(2010),"Text" is written material. We discuss the text when we study a novel, drama, or short story. You might even call a letter to someone a text.
ReplyDeleteDiffrerent, "Discourse" can mean spoken conversation or a written discussion of a single topic.
reference:
Ghorboon(2010), What's the difference between text, context, and discourse? Avalaible on:http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100727062833AA9OkW0. Acessed on february,16th 2012
Answer.com(2012)Text is something written. Discourse is conversation (written or spoken).
reference:
answer.com(2012), what is the differences between text and discourse? Available on: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_'text'_and_'discourse'#ixzz1mWkAWgqo. Acessed on february,16th 2012
Ghorboon(2010),"Text" is written material. We discuss the text when we study a novel, drama, or short story. You might even call a letter to someone a text.
ReplyDeleteDiffrerent, "Discourse" can mean spoken conversation or a written discussion of a single topic.
Ghorboon(2010), What's the difference between text, context, and discourse? Avalaible on:http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100727062833AA9OkW0. Acessed on february,16th 2012
Answer.com(2012)Text is something written. Discourse is conversation (written or spoken).
answer.com(2012), what is the differences between text and discourse? Available on: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_'text'_and_'discourse'#ixzz1mWkAWgqo. Acessed on february,16th 2012
Wikipedia (2012) Text is the words in a written work. The main body of a book or other piece of writing, as distinct from other material such as notes or appendices.
ReplyDeleteWikipedia (2012) The term "discourse" is defined in a number of different ways. Discourse analysts examine spoken, signed and written language and may focus on any aspect of linguistic behaviour, from the study of particular patterns of pronunciation, through word choice, sentence structure and semantic representation, to the pragmatic analysis of how we organize speech encounters (and any combination of these in spoken, written and signed discourse). For example, as language use above the level of the sentence, as language use in context and as real language use
So, differences between them. Text is something written. Discourse is conversation (written or spoken).
REFERENCES;
Wikipedia.2012. discourse analysis. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse_analysis. Accessed on: 16 february 2012.
Oxford. Definition text. Available on: http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/text. Accessed on: 16 february 2012.
Answer.2012. Available on: distinguish between text and discourse. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_%27text%27_and_%27discourse%27#ixzz1mWaCTXyV. Accessed on: 16 february 2012.
Ghorboon(2010),"Text" is written material. We discuss the text when we study a novel, drama, or short story. You might even call a letter to someone a text.
ReplyDeleteDiffrerent, "Discourse" can mean spoken conversation or a written discussion of a single topic.
reference:
Ghorboon(2010), What's the difference between text, context, and discourse? Avalaible on:http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100727062833AA9OkW0. Acessed on february,16th 2012
Answer.com(2012)Text is something written. Discourse is conversation (written or spoken).
reference:
answer.com(2012), what is the differences between text and discourse? Available on: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_'text'_and_'discourse'#ixzz1mWkAWgqo. Acessed on february,16th 2012
DEFINITION OF DISCOURSE
ReplyDeleteFrom a sociological standpoint, discourse is defined as any practice by which individuals imbue reality with meaning. When defined in these terms, discourse is found in a wide range of forms. Indeed, any social practice from a dance, ritual or a piece of music to a job contract, myth or culinary custom can be analyzed discursively
Jorge Ruiz Ruiz (2009), sociological discourse analysis shares many of the procedures of other social sciences. Yet sociologists differ greatly in terms of how they approach discourse analysis, thus leading to confusion and doubts regarding the scientific status of sociological discourse analysis. In this article we attempt to clarify the methodological basis of sociological discourse analysis by differentiating it from other discourse analysis practices. To do so, we examine what sociologists actually do when they analyze discourse, while focusing on the common elements and principles shared by the different approaches to sociological discourse analysis. Key words: discourse analysis; qualitative social research; textual analysis; contextual analysis; sociological interpretation; abduction
Application of discourse analysis to teaching text interpretation
Obviously, all texts have a certain feature in common, namely they are indented to convey some meaning. This function, however, might be fulfilled in a number of different ways: a road sign 'stop', and a six hundred pages long novel are both texts which might serve that purpose, yet, there are certain characteristics that distinguish them. The above example presents the idea somewhat in the extreme, although, enumerating several other common types of texts might affirm that the notion of text is a very broad one and is not limited to such varieties as those that can be found in language course books (Cook 1990, Crystal 1995).
Patterns in text
.One other frequently occurring arrangement of texts is based on general-specific pattern which is thought to have two variations. In the first one a general statement is followed by a series of more specific sentences referring to the same broad idea, ultimately summarized by one more general remark. Alternatively, a general statement at the beginning of a paragraph might be followed by a specific statement after which several more sentences ensue, each of which is more precise than its predecessor, finally going back to the general idea (McCarthy 1991:158).
Available on:http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/discourse.htm. Accssed on 14 February 2012
Availableon:http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1298/2882. Accssed on 14 February 2012
Ruiz Ruiz, Jorge(2009), Sociological Discourse Analysis: Methods and Logic. Available on: Home > Vol 10, No 2 (2009) > Ruiz Ruiz. Accssed on 14 February 2012
DEFINITION OF DISCOURSE
ReplyDeleteFrom a sociological standpoint, discourse is defined as any practice by which individuals imbue reality with meaning. When defined in these terms, discourse is found in a wide range of forms. Indeed, any social practice from a dance, ritual or a piece of music to a job contract, myth or culinary custom can be analyzed discursively
Jorge Ruiz Ruiz (2009), sociological discourse analysis shares many of the procedures of other social sciences. Yet sociologists differ greatly in terms of how they approach discourse analysis, thus leading to confusion and doubts regarding the scientific status of sociological discourse analysis. In this article we attempt to clarify the methodological basis of sociological discourse analysis by differentiating it from other discourse analysis practices. To do so, we examine what sociologists actually do when they analyze discourse, while focusing on the common elements and principles shared by the different approaches to sociological discourse analysis. Key words: discourse analysis; qualitative social research; textual analysis; contextual analysis; sociological interpretation; abduction
Application of discourse analysis to teaching text interpretation
Obviously, all texts have a certain feature in common, namely they are indented to convey some meaning. This function, however, might be fulfilled in a number of different ways: a road sign 'stop', and a six hundred pages long novel are both texts which might serve that purpose, yet, there are certain characteristics that distinguish them. The above example presents the idea somewhat in the extreme, although, enumerating several other common types of texts might affirm that the notion of text is a very broad one and is not limited to such varieties as those that can be found in language course books (Cook 1990, Crystal 1995).
Patterns in text
.One other frequently occurring arrangement of texts is based on general-specific pattern which is thought to have two variations. In the first one a general statement is followed by a series of more specific sentences referring to the same broad idea, ultimately summarized by one more general remark. Alternatively, a general statement at the beginning of a paragraph might be followed by a specific statement after which several more sentences ensue, each of which is more precise than its predecessor, finally going back to the general idea (McCarthy 1991:158).
Available on:http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/discourse.htm. Accssed on 14 February 2012
Availableon:http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1298/2882. Accssed on 14 February 2012
Ruiz Ruiz, Jorge(2009), Sociological Discourse Analysis: Methods and Logic. Available on: Home > Vol 10, No 2 (2009) > Ruiz Ruiz. Accssed on 14 February 2012
DEFINITION OF DISCOURSE
ReplyDeleteFrom a sociological standpoint, discourse is defined as any practice by which individuals imbue reality with meaning. When defined in these terms, discourse is found in a wide range of forms. Indeed, any social practice from a dance, ritual or a piece of music to a job contract, myth or culinary custom can be analyzed discursively
Jorge Ruiz Ruiz (2009), sociological discourse analysis shares many of the procedures of other social sciences. Yet sociologists differ greatly in terms of how they approach discourse analysis, thus leading to confusion and doubts regarding the scientific status of sociological discourse analysis. In this article we attempt to clarify the methodological basis of sociological discourse analysis by differentiating it from other discourse analysis practices. To do so, we examine what sociologists actually do when they analyze discourse, while focusing on the common elements and principles shared by the different approaches to sociological discourse analysis. Key words: discourse analysis; qualitative social research; textual analysis; contextual analysis; sociological interpretation; abduction
Application of discourse analysis to teaching text interpretation
Obviously, all texts have a certain feature in common, namely they are indented to convey some meaning. This function, however, might be fulfilled in a number of different ways: a road sign 'stop', and a six hundred pages long novel are both texts which might serve that purpose, yet, there are certain characteristics that distinguish them. The above example presents the idea somewhat in the extreme, although, enumerating several other common types of texts might affirm that the notion of text is a very broad one and is not limited to such varieties as those that can be found in language course books (Cook 1990, Crystal 1995).
Patterns in text
.One other frequently occurring arrangement of texts is based on general-specific pattern which is thought to have two variations. In the first one a general statement is followed by a series of more specific sentences referring to the same broad idea, ultimately summarized by one more general remark. Alternatively, a general statement at the beginning of a paragraph might be followed by a specific statement after which several more sentences ensue, each of which is more precise than its predecessor, finally going back to the general idea (McCarthy 1991:158).
Available on:http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/discourse.htm. Accssed on 14 February 2012
Availableon:http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1298/2882. Accssed on 14 February 2012
Ruiz Ruiz, Jorge(2009), Sociological Discourse Analysis: Methods and Logic. Available on: Home > Vol 10, No 2 (2009) > Ruiz Ruiz. Accssed on 14 February 2012
DEFINITION OF DISCOURSE
ReplyDeleteFrom a sociological standpoint, discourse is defined as any practice by which individuals imbue reality with meaning. When defined in these terms, discourse is found in a wide range of forms. Indeed, any social practice from a dance, ritual or a piece of music to a job contract, myth or culinary custom can be analyzed discursively
Jorge Ruiz Ruiz (2009), sociological discourse analysis shares many of the procedures of other social sciences. Yet sociologists differ greatly in terms of how they approach discourse analysis, thus leading to confusion and doubts regarding the scientific status of sociological discourse analysis. In this article we attempt to clarify the methodological basis of sociological discourse analysis by differentiating it from other discourse analysis practices. To do so, we examine what sociologists actually do when they analyze discourse, while focusing on the common elements and principles shared by the different approaches to sociological discourse analysis. Key words: discourse analysis; qualitative social research; textual analysis; contextual analysis; sociological interpretation; abduction
Application of discourse analysis to teaching text interpretation
Obviously, all texts have a certain feature in common, namely they are indented to convey some meaning. This function, however, might be fulfilled in a number of different ways: a road sign 'stop', and a six hundred pages long novel are both texts which might serve that purpose, yet, there are certain characteristics that distinguish them. The above example presents the idea somewhat in the extreme, although, enumerating several other common types of texts might affirm that the notion of text is a very broad one and is not limited to such varieties as those that can be found in language course books (Cook 1990, Crystal 1995).
Patterns in text
.One other frequently occurring arrangement of texts is based on general-specific pattern which is thought to have two variations. In the first one a general statement is followed by a series of more specific sentences referring to the same broad idea, ultimately summarized by one more general remark. Alternatively, a general statement at the beginning of a paragraph might be followed by a specific statement after which several more sentences ensue, each of which is more precise than its predecessor, finally going back to the general idea (McCarthy 1991:158).
Available on:http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/discourse.htm. Accssed on 14 February 2012
Availableon:http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1298/2882. Accssed on 14 February 2012
Ruiz Ruiz, Jorge(2009), Sociological Discourse Analysis: Methods and Logic. Available on: Home > Vol 10, No 2 (2009) > Ruiz Ruiz. Accssed on 14 February 2012
Explain the differences about text and discourse!
ReplyDeleteWiddowson (1973).
Text: is made up of sentences.
- A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion.
-Text Analysis: deals with cohesion.
Discourse: is the use of such sentences.
- A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence.
- Discourse analysis: investigates coherence.
The other distinction:
• Text:
• Text is defined in terms of its being a physical product.
• Meaning is not found in text.
• written
• Text analysis: investigates written form
• Discourse:
• Discourse is viewed as a process.
• Meaning is derived through the reader’s interaction with the text à discourse.
• Spoken
• Discourse analysis: analyzes spoken form.
Many researchers have come to this conclusion:
Discourse analysis includes all studies investigating the supra-sentential structure of any stretch of language, spoken or written.
Reference:
faculty.ksu.edu.sa/.Text.pp. Discourse vs. Text. Available on: http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Kamal/429/Discourse%20vs.Text.ppt. accesed on 16 February 2012
Explain the differences about text and discourse!
ReplyDeleteWiddowson (1973).
Text: is made up of sentences.
- A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion.
-Text Analysis: deals with cohesion.
Discourse: is the use of such sentences.
- A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence.
- Discourse analysis: investigates coherence.
The other distinction:
• Text:
• Text is defined in terms of its being a physical product.
• Meaning is not found in text.
• written
• Text analysis: investigates written form
• Discourse:
• Discourse is viewed as a process.
• Meaning is derived through the reader’s interaction with the text à discourse.
• Spoken
• Discourse analysis: analyzes spoken form.
Many researchers have come to this conclusion:
Discourse analysis includes all studies investigating the supra-sentential structure of any stretch of language, spoken or written.
Reference:
faculty.ksu.edu.sa/.Text.pp. Discourse vs. Text. Available on: http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Kamal/429/Discourse%20vs.Text.ppt. accesed on 16 February 2012
Widdowson (1973)
ReplyDelete• Text is made up of sentences.
• Text is written
- A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion.
- Meaning is not found in text
- Text is defined in terms of its being a physical product.
- Text Analysis: deals with cohesion.
• Discourse is the use of such sentences.
- A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence.
- Discourse is spoken.
- Discourse is viewed as a process.
- Meaning is derived through the reader’s interaction with the text à discourse.
- Discourse analysis: investigates coherence.
Widdowson. 1973. differences between text and discourse. Available on:
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=differences%20between%20text%20and%20discourse&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCwQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.ksu.edu.sa%2FKamal%2F429%2FDiscourse%2520vs.Text.ppt&ei=jAQ9T9zFEJGyrAeorPi3Bw&usg=AFQjCNGvKvycFpuf1r0ZrzOKSfUo4lPbyg&cad=rja. Accessed on: 16th February 2012.
Explain the differences about text and discourse!
ReplyDelete• Text: Widdowson (1973)
• Text is defined in terms of its being a physical product.
• Meaning is not found in text.
• written
• Text analysis: investigates written form
• Therefore, the term ‘text’ should be abandoned unless it is used to refer to the physical arrangement of linguistic signals on paper ( Tadros , 1981).
Discourse: Widdowson (1973)
• Discourse is viewed as a process.
Meaning is derived through the reader’s interaction with the text à discourse
• Spoken
• Discourse analysis: analyzes spoken form.
• Discourse analysis includes all studies investigating the supra-sentential structure of any stretch of language, spoken or written.
In my opinion :
Text is written material. We discuss the text when we study a novel, drama, or short story. You might even call a letter to someone a text.
Discourse can mean spoken conversation or a written discussion of a single topic.
Example : Widdowson (1973)
• Text: is made up of sentences.
- A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion.
-Text Analysis: deals with cohesion.
• Discourse: is the use of such sentences.
- A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence.
- Discourse analysis: investigates coherence.
References
http://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=differences%20about%20text%20and%20discourse%20widdowson&source=web&cd=1&ved : accessed on 15 February 2012
http://fdslive.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/elt/catalogue/9780194372404-a.pdf?cc=global&selLanguage=en : accessed on 15 February 2012
Explain the differences about text and discourse!
ReplyDelete• Text: Widdowson (1973)
• Text is defined in terms of its being a physical product.
• Meaning is not found in text.
• written
• Text analysis: investigates written form
• Therefore, the term ‘text’ should be abandoned unless it is used to refer to the physical arrangement of linguistic signals on paper ( Tadros , 1981).
Discourse: Widdowson (1973)
• Discourse is viewed as a process.
Meaning is derived through the reader’s interaction with the text à discourse
• Spoken
• Discourse analysis: analyzes spoken form.
• Discourse analysis includes all studies investigating the supra-sentential structure of any stretch of language, spoken or written.
In my opinion :
Text is written material. We discuss the text when we study a novel, drama, or short story. You might even call a letter to someone a text.
Discourse can mean spoken conversation or a written discussion of a single topic.
Example : Widdowson (1973)
• Text: is made up of sentences.
- A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion.
-Text Analysis: deals with cohesion.
• Discourse: is the use of such sentences.
- A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence.
- Discourse analysis: investigates coherence.
References
http://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=differences%20about%20text%20and%20discourse%20widdowson&source=web&cd=1&ved : accessed on 15 February 2012
http://fdslive.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/elt/catalogue/9780194372404-a.pdf?cc=global&selLanguage=en : accessed on 15 February 2012
Explain the differences about text and discourse!
ReplyDelete• Text: Widdowson (1973)
• Text is defined in terms of its being a physical product.
• Meaning is not found in text.
• written
• Text analysis: investigates written form
• Therefore, the term ‘text’ should be abandoned unless it is used to refer to the physical arrangement of linguistic signals on paper ( Tadros , 1981).
Discourse: Widdowson (1973)
• Discourse is viewed as a process.
Meaning is derived through the reader’s interaction with the text à discourse
• Spoken
• Discourse analysis: analyzes spoken form.
• Discourse analysis includes all studies investigating the supra-sentential structure of any stretch of language, spoken or written.
In my opinion :
Text is written material. We discuss the text when we study a novel, drama, or short story. You might even call a letter to someone a text.
Discourse can mean spoken conversation or a written discussion of a single topic.
Example : Widdowson (1973)
• Text: is made up of sentences.
- A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion.
-Text Analysis: deals with cohesion.
• Discourse: is the use of such sentences.
- A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence.
- Discourse analysis: investigates coherence.
References
http://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=differences%20about%20text%20and%20discourse%20widdowson&source=web&cd=1&ved : accessed on 15 February 2012
http://fdslive.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/elt/catalogue/9780194372404-a.pdf?cc=global&selLanguage=en : accessed on 15 February 2012
TEXT
ReplyDeleteIn Wikipedia (2012) said, Text is the words in a written work.
According to Oxford dictionaries (2012) Text is a book or other written or printed work, regarded in terms of its content rather than its physical form
Example : if she was going to go she would have texted us
Furthermore, Mohammad s. Zeidan (2004) Text is a sequence of cohesive and coherent sentences realizing a set of mutually relevant intentions.
For example : reading text
.
DISCOURSE
In Oxford dictionaries (2012) Discourse is written or spoken communication or debate
Example : she could discourse at great length on the history of Europe
In the other hand, Mohammad s. Zeidan (2004) explain that, Discourse is modes of speaking and writing which involve participants in adopting aparticular attitude towards areas of socio-cultural activity.
For example : conversation and essay.
So, in my opinion, Text is words in written material and Discourse is activity like written or spoken discussion.
Example :
• Text text of drama, news, or in a magazine
• Discourse discourse analysis
Reference:
Oxford dictionaries. 2012. Discourse. Avaible on : http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/discourse. Access on : February, 16th 2012
Oxford dictionaries. 2012. Text. Avaible on : http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/text.
Access on : February, 16th 2012
Zeidan, Mohammad S. 2004. Text and discourse. Available on:http://www.scribd.com/doc/24770073/Discourse-and-Text.
Acessed on February, 16th 2012
Wikipedia.2012. discourse analysis. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse_analysis. Accessed on: February,16th 2012.
3 Januari 2012
ReplyDeleteText
: A sequence of cohesive and coherent sentences realizing a set of mutuallyrelevant intentions.
Discourse
: Modes of speaking and writing which involve participants in adopting aparticular attitude towards areas of socio-cultural activity.
Example
In order to have a good idea about the way through which we can study discourse, theinterface between text, genre and discourse, and the concept of translation shifts, it isbetter to give some examples:
1) "She reminded me of a northern Italian peasant woman with her clothes, her mobileface and her lovely, thick, alive immigrant hair which she wore put up in the sameway she had probably worn it in college. She talked all the time and at first it wasabout people and places".
2) She was working on a piece of needlepoint when we first met them and she workedon this and saw to the food and drink and talked to my wife. She made oneconversation and listened to two and often interrupted the one she was not making.
Reference:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/24770073/Discourse-and-Text
TEXT AND DISCOURSE
ReplyDeleteTEXT
Text is the written or printed words, as opposed to the illustrations. The term ‘Text’ has many complex and intricate meanings. Philosophers have labeled it a non-definableconcept. Its original use refers simply to a body of writing. The classical concept of text concerns only thewritten and linguistic domains, where text is regarded as “an autonomous stable, coherent object with adeterminate identity” ,involving two components: The signifier, i.e. words which carry the meaning; andthe signified, i.e. the fixed meaning communicated by the text..
DISCOURSE
Discourse generally refers to "written or spoken communication". Discourse is modes of speaking and writing which involve participants in adopting aparticular attitude towards areas of socio-cultural activity. Discourse analysis includes all studies investigating the supra-sentential structure of any stretch of language, spoken or written. And discourse analysis has been taken up in a variety of social science disciplines, including linguistics, sociology, anthropology, social work, cognitive psychology, social psychology, international relations, human geography, communication studies and translation studies, each of which is subject to its own assumptions, dimensions of analysis, and methodologies.
THE DIFFERENCES ABOUT TEXT AND DISCOURSE
So from defitions above we can know that the differences between text and discourse: text is something written and discourse is conversation (written or spoken).
REFFERENCES
Wikipedia.2012.Discouse Analysis.Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse_analysis. Accessed on 14 February 2012.
Wikipedia.2012.Discourse.Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse.
Accessed on 8 February 2012.
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_'text'_and_'discourse'
NAME: NUR AZIZAH ZATMEDIKA
ReplyDeleteNIM: 09250044
PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 9
TASK 9: 16 FEBRUARI 2012
Explain the differences about text and discourse!
Definitions.net (2012): Text is a discourse or composition on which a note or commentary is written; the original words of an author, in distinction from a paraphrase, annotation, or commentary.
Wikipedia.org (2012): Discourse (from Latin discursus, meaning "running to and from") generally refers to "written or spoken communication". The following are three more specific definitions:
• In semantics and discourse analysis: A generalization of the concept of conversation to all modalities and contexts.
• "The totality of codified linguistic usages attached to a given type of social practice. (E.g.: legal discourse, medical discourse, religious discourse.)"
• In the work of Michel Foucault, and social theorists inspired by him: "an entity of sequences of signs in that they are enouncements (enoncés). An enouncement (l'énoncé - often translated as "statement") is not a unity of signs, but an abstract matter that enables signs to assign specific repeatable relations to objects, subjects and other enouncements. Thus, a discourse constitutes sequences of such relations to objects, subjects and other enouncements. A discursive formation is defined as the regularities that produces such discourses. Foucault used the concept of discursive formation in relation to his analysis of large bodies of knowledge, such as political economy and natural history.
Anglozof.com, (2008): Originally the word 'discourse' comes from Latin 'discursus' which denoted 'conversation, speech'. Thus understood, however, discourse refers to too wide an area of human life, therefore only discourse from the vantage point of linguistics, and especially applied linguistics, is explained here."Discourse: a continuous stretch of (especially spoken) language larger than a sentence, often constituting a coherent unit such as a sermon, argument, joke, or narrative" (Crystal 1992:25). On the other hand Dakowska, being aware of differences between kinds of discourses indicates the unity of communicative intentions as a vital element of each of them. Consequently she suggests using terms 'text' and 'discourse' almost interchangeably betokening the former refers to the linguistic product, while the latter implies the entire dynamics of the processes (Dakowska 2001:81). According to Cook (1990:7) novels, as well as short conversations or groans might be equally rightfully named discourses. Seven criteria which have to be fulfilled to qualify either a written or a spoken text as a discourse have been suggested by Beaugrande (1981). These include:
• Cohesion - grammatical relationship between parts of a sentence essential for its interpretation;
• Coherence - the order of statements relates one another by sense.
• Intentionality - the message has to be conveyed deliberately and consciously;
• Acceptability - indicates that the communicative product needs to be satisfactory in that the audience approves it;
• Informativeness - some new information has to be included in the discourse;
• Situationality - circumstances in which the remark is made are important;
• Intertextuality - reference to the world outside the text or the interpreters' schemata;
In my opinion, the difference between about text and discourse that text is something written and discourse is conversation (written or spoken).
REFERENCE:
Definitions.net. 2012. Definitions of Text. Available on: http://www.definitions.net/definition/text. Accessed on: 16th, February 2012.
en.wikipedia.org. 2012. Discourse. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse. Accessed on: 16th, February 2012.
Anglozof.com. 2008. Discourse Analysis. Available on: http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/discourse.htm. Accessed on: 16th, February 2012.
NAME: NUR AZIZAH ZATMEDIKA
ReplyDeleteNIM: O9250044
PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 9
TASK 9: 16 FEBRUARI 2012
Explain the differences about text and discourse!
Definitions.net (2012): Text is a discourse or composition on which a note or commentary is written; the original words of an author, in distinction from a paraphrase, annotation, or commentary
Wikipedia.org (2012): Discourse (from Latin discursus, meaning "running to and from") generally refers to "written or spoken communication". The following are three more specific definitions:
• In semantics and discourse analysis: A generalization of the concept of conversation to all modalities and contexts.
• "The totality of codified linguistic usages attached to a given type of social practice. (E.g.: legal discourse, medical discourse, religious discourse.)"
• In the work of Michel Foucault, and social theorists inspired by him: "an entity of sequences of signs in that they are enouncements (enoncés). An enouncement (l'énoncé - often translated as "statement") is not a unity of signs, but an abstract matter that enables signs to assign specific repeatable relations to objects, subjects and other enouncements. Thus, a discourse constitutes sequences of such relations to objects, subjects and other enouncements. A discursive formation is defined as the regularities that produces such discourses. Foucault used the concept of discursive formation in relation to his analysis of large bodies of knowledge, such as political economy and natural history.
(Anglozof.com, 2008): Originally the word 'discourse' comes from Latin 'discursus' which denoted 'conversation, speech'. Thus understood, however, discourse refers to too wide an area of human life, therefore only discourse from the vantage point of linguistics, and especially applied linguistics, is explained here. "Discourse: a continuous stretch of (especially spoken) language larger than a sentence, often constituting a coherent unit such as a sermon, argument, joke, or narrative" (Crystal 1992:25). On the other hand Dakowska, being aware of differences between kinds of discourses indicates the unity of communicative intentions as a vital element of each of them. Consequently she suggests using terms 'text' and 'discourse' almost interchangeably betokening the former refers to the linguistic product, while the latter implies the entire dynamics of the processes (Dakowska 2001:81). According to Cook (1990:7) novels, as well as short conversations or groans might be equally rightfully named discourses. Seven criteria which have to be fulfilled to qualify either a written or a spoken text as a discourse have been suggested by Beaugrande (1981). These include:
• Cohesion - grammatical relationship between parts of a sentence essential for its interpretation;
• Coherence - the order of statements relates one another by sense.
• Intentionality - the message has to be conveyed deliberately and consciously;
• Acceptability - indicates that the communicative product needs to be satisfactory in that the audience approves it;
• Informativeness - some new information has to be included in the discourse;
• Situationality - circumstances in which the remark is made are important;
• Intertextuality - reference to the world outside the text or the interpreters' schemata;
In my opinion, the difference between about text and discourse that text is something written and discourse is conversation (written or spoken).
REFERENCE:
Definitions.net. 2012. Definitions of Text. Available on: http://www.definitions.net/definition/text. Accessed on: 16th, February 2012.
en.wikipedia.org. 2012. Discourse. Available on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse. Accessed on: 16th, February 2012.
Anglozof.com. 2008. Discourse Analysis. Available on: http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/discourse.htm. Accessed on: 16th, February 2012.
Nama : Resti. R.
ReplyDeleteNim : 09250051
Task 9, Explain the differences about text and discourse!
Nordquist,Richard.(2012). Text is (1) The original words of something written, printed, or spoken, (2) A coherent stretch of language that may be regarded as an object of critical analysis.
Yourdictionary.com(2012). Text is the words in a writtten work. An example of text is the words in a book.
Examples of Text according Merriam Webster (2012)
1. A good critic will refer back to the text often.
2. You can find the full text of his speech on his Web site.
Nordquist,Richard.(2012). In linguistics, Discourse is (1). a unit of language longer than a single sentence. (2) More broadly, the use of spoken or written language in a social context.
Examples of Discourse according merriam Webster (2012)
1. He likes to engage in lively discourse with his visitors.
2. She delivered an entertaining discourse on the current state of the film industry
According answer.com (2012) the differences between text and discourse is
Text is description and Discourse is speech.
References:
Nordquist,Richard.2012.Text. Available On: http://grammar.about.com/od/tz/g/textterm.htm Accessed On: February 11th 2012
Yourdictionary.com(2012).definition text Available On: http://www.yourdictionary.com/text Accessed On: February 11th 2012
Webster,Merriam.2012. text. Available On: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/text Accessed On: February 11th 2012
Nordquist,Richard.2012.Definition of Discourse. Available On: http://grammar.about.com/od/d/g/discourseterm.htm Accessed On: February 11th 2012
Webster,meriam.2012.Discourse. Available On: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/discourse Accessed On: February 11th 2012
Answer.com.2012). The differences between text and discourse? Available on: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/The_differences_between_text_and_discourse accessed on: february 11th 2012.
Text
ReplyDeleteText is the words in a writtten work. (noun)
An example of text is the words in a book.
Text means to send a text message, often by cell phone. (verb)
An example of text is to send a message to your family to tell them you will be home late.
Texts are words which carry the meaning; signified, i.e. the fixed meaning communicated by the text.
It gives the example of the letters R, E, and D,which form a word
Discourse
Discourse is a term that can be described in a number of ways. In language studies, it refers to the speech patterns and how language, dialects, and acceptable statements are used in a particular community. Discourse is a subject of study particularly in peoples who reside in secluded areas and share the same speech conventions.
brainz.org/what-discourse/ -.2010. what is Discourse?. Available on: http://brainz.org/what-discourse/. Accessed on: 17 february 2012.
www.yourdictionary.com.2012.text. Available on: http://www.yourdictionary.com/text. Accessed on: 17 february 2012.
www.scribd.com.2012.Fine Art Theories and Histories: Text. Available on: http://www.scribd.com/Adzza24/d/29767913-What-is-Text. Accessed on: 17 february 2012.
Nim : 09250049
ReplyDeleteDiscourse (from Latin discursus, meaning "running to and from") generally refers to "written or spoken communication". Discourses are seen to affect our views on all things; it is not possible to avoid discourse. FIn other words, the chosen discourse provides the vocabulary, expressions and perhaps also the style needed to communicate.
For example, two notably distinct discourses can be used about various guerrilla movements describing them either as "freedom fighters" or "terrorists".
Text is the original words of something written, printed, or spoken, in contrast to a summary or paraphrase.
Text, A stretch of language, either in speech or in writing, that is semantically and pragmatically coherent in its real-world context. A text can range from just one word.
For example : a SLOW sign on the road) to a sequence of utterances or sentences in a speech, a letter, a novel, etc.
(Ronald Carter and Michael McCarthy, Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006)
REFERENCE
-A. McHoul & W. Grace (1993). A Foucault primer: Discourse, power, and the subject. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse
-Ronald Carter and Michael McCarthy, Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006
http://grammar.about.com/od/tz/g/textterm.htm
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteExplain the differences about text and discourse!
ReplyDeleteDefinition of text
English dictionary.com defined text as a piece of writing such as a book or play that you study for an examination or for research.
An example of text is the words in a book
Definition of discourse
yourdictionary.com defined discourse as The definition of discourse is a discussion about a topic either in writing or face to face.
An example of discourse is muhammad yusuf meeting with a student to discuss a book.
references:
English dictionary.com. 2009. text - definition. Available on: http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/text. Accessed on February, 19th 2012
yourdictionary.com. 2012. discourse. Available on: http://www.yourdictionary.com/discourse. Accessed on February, 19th 2012
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteText: A sequence of cohesive and coherent sentences realizing a set of mutually relevant intentions. Text is made up of sentences. A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion.Text Analysis: deals with cohesion.
ReplyDeleteDiscourse: Modes of speaking and writing which involve participants in adopting aparticular attitude towards areas of socio-cultural activity. is the use of such sentences. A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence. Discourse analysis: investigates coherence.
Originally the word 'discourse' comes from Latin 'discursus' which denoted 'conversation, speech'. Thus understood, however, discourse refers to too wide an area of human life. "Discourse: a continuous stretch of (especially spoken) language larger than a sentence, often constituting a coherent unit such as a sermon, argument, joke, or narrative" (Crystal 1992:25). On the other hand Dakowska, being aware of differences between kinds of discourses indicates the unity of communicative intentions as a vital element of each of them. Consequently she suggests using terms 'text' and 'discourse' almost interchangeably betokening the former refers to the linguistic product, while the latter implies the entire dynamics of the processes (Dakowska 2001:81). According to Cook (1990:7) novels, as well as short conversations or groans might be equally rightfully named discourses. Seven criteria which have to be fulfilled to qualify either a written or a spoken text as a discourse have been suggested by Beaugrande (1981). These include:
• Cohesion - grammatical relationship between parts of a sentence essential for its interpretation;
• Coherence - the order of statements relates one another by sense.
• Intentionality - the message has to be conveyed deliberately and consciously;
• Acceptability - indicates that the communicative product needs to be satisfactory in that the audience approves it;
• Informativeness - some new information has to be included in the discourse;
• Situationality - circumstances in which the remark is made are important;
• Intertextuality - reference to the world outside the text or the interpreters' schemata;
Wiśniewski, Kamil. 2006. Discourse Analysis. Available on: http://www.tlumaczenia-angielski.info/linguistics/discourse.htm. Accessed on: February 18, 2012
Zeidan, Mohammad S. 2012. Discorse and Text. Available on: http://www.scribd.com/doc/24770073/Discourse-and-Text. Accessed on: February 18, 2012
Explain the differences about text and discourse!
ReplyDelete"Text" is written material. We discuss the text when we study a novel, drama, or short story. You might even call a letter to someone a text.
"Discourse" can mean spoken conversation or a written discussion of a single topic.
Widdowson (1973)
Text:
is made up of sentences.
- A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion.
-Text Analysis: deals with cohesion
Discourse:
is the use of such sentences.
- A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence.
Discourse analysis: investigates coherence.
Therefore, the term ‘text’ should be abandoned unless it is used to refer to the physical arrangement of linguistic signals on paper (Tadros, 1981).
Text:
• Text is defined in terms of its being a physical product.
• Meaning is not found in text.
Discourse:
• Discourse is viewed as a process.
• Meaning is derived through the reader’s interaction with the text à discourse.
References:
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100727062833AA9OkW0
Explain the differences about text and discourse!
ReplyDelete"Text" is written material. We discuss the text when we study a novel, drama, or short story. You might even call a letter to someone a text.
"Discourse" can mean spoken conversation or a written discussion of a single topic.
Widdowson (1973)
Text:
is made up of sentences.
- A text is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion.
-Text Analysis: deals with cohesion
Discourse:
is the use of such sentences.
- A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of coherence.
Discourse analysis: investigates coherence.
Therefore, the term ‘text’ should be abandoned unless it is used to refer to the physical arrangement of linguistic signals on paper (Tadros, 1981).
Text:
• Text is defined in terms of its being a physical product.
• Meaning is not found in text.
Discourse:
• Discourse is viewed as a process.
• Meaning is derived through the reader’s interaction with the text à discourse.
References:
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100727062833AA9OkW0
Wikipedia (2012) Discourse analysis (DA), or discourse studies, is a general term for a number of approaches to analyzing written, spoken, signed language use or any significant semiotic event.
ReplyDeleteThe objects of discourse analysis — discourse, writing, conversation, communicative event, etc.—are variously defined in terms of coherent sequences of sentences, propositions, speech acts or turns-at-talk. Contrary to much of traditional linguistics, discourse analysts not only study language use 'beyond the sentence boundary', but also prefer to analyze 'naturally occurring' language use, and not invented examples. This is known as corpus linguistics; text linguistics is related. The essential difference between discourse analysis and text linguistics is that it aims at revealing socio-psychological characteristics of a person/persons rather than text structure.
Wikipedia (2012) TEXT is the band founded by Kristofer Steen, David Sandström, Fredrik Bäckström and Jon F Brännström. All, except Bäckström, were ex-members of hardcore band Refused. Stylistically, they have little in common with Refused. Their debut album, Text, is a mix of spoken word, music of various styles, and ambient sound effects, often producing an ethereal, avant-garde sound. Apart from the three "Tableau" tracks (which are one piece, split up across the album), each track could be described as fitting into a different genre. In 2008, a second album, Vital Signs, was released. Yet again the style of music is far from Refused and the first Text album. Only Fredrik Bäckström and Jon F Brännström appear on this album.
Reference
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TEXT
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DISCOURSE
Nim: 09250054
ReplyDeleteDiscourse Is behavioral unit. It is a set of utterances which constitute a recognizable speech event such as, aconversation, a joke, a sermon, an intervieew, etc.
e.g. aconversation between father and son.
father : is that your coat on th efloor again ?
Son : Yes ( goes on reading )
Text focuses on the structure of written languge, as found in such text as essays, notices, road signs and chapters.
References :
Lucid, Cupid. 2008. Available on:http://www.slideshare.net/cupidlucid/discourse-analysis-presentation-710333. Acessed on February, 22th 2012
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ReplyDeleteTEXT
ReplyDeleteA sequence of cohesive and coherent sentences realizing a set of mutually relevant intentions. Text is description, we have communication through writing.
example of such small-scale texts are public notices like “danger” , “slow”, “keep left” and “exit”.
DISCOURSE
Modes of speaking and writing which involve participants in adopting particular attitude towards areas of socio-cultural activity. Discourse is speech, we have communication to others as direct speech. (Hatim and Munday: 2004 p. 88).
Example ; when we talk each other directly.
References:
Oxford university press.available on:http://fdslive.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/elt/catalogue/9780194372404-a.pdf?cc=hu&selLanguage=hu .access on 18 february 2012
Zeidan mohammda.2012.available on:http://www.scribd.com/doc/24770073/Discourse-and-Text.access on 23 february 2012.
TEXT
ReplyDeleteA sequence of cohesive and coherent sentences realizing a set of mutually relevant intentions. Text is description, we have communication through writing.
example of such small-scale texts are public notices like “danger” , “slow”, “keep left” and “exit”.
DISCOURSE
Modes of speaking and writing which involve participants in adopting particular attitude towards areas of socio-cultural activity. Discourse is speech, we have communication to others as direct speech. (Hatim and Munday: 2004 p. 88).
Example ; when we talk each other directly.
References:
Oxford university press.available on:http://fdslive.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/elt/catalogue/9780194372404-a.pdf?cc=hu&selLanguage=hu .access on 18 february 2012
Zeidan mohammda.2012.available on:http://www.scribd.com/doc/24770073/Discourse-and-Text.access on 23 february 2012.